Ateneo de Naga University

Senior High School Department

First Semester A/Y 2018 - 2019

Performance Check
in General
Mathematics

Submitted by:
Baranda, Yvonne Andrea
Clemeno, Eivin Gayle
Ordiales, Hyalo
Rafer, Phoebe Anne

AC14
Introduction

A microscope is an optical instrument used for producing a much larger view of very small
objects so that they can be seen clearly. Upon utilizing such device, a different dimension comes
into sight. The big world of minuscule creatures, specifically bacteria, welcomes a person’s vision
as light enters upon the frozen blink of one’s eyelids. The flare glides along the colors of the iris and
illustrates an image in the layers of the retina. “Tiny disease-causing organisms” is the picture which
takes shape in the minds of people about these very small structures. However, there are more
than what meets the eye. What exactly are bacteria?

Bacteria are believed to be the first life forms that emerged on earth. They are ubiquitous
in nature, meaning they can be found everywhere in the environment, including in the air, soil,
and water. Although some bacteria are useful to mankind, others bring about unpleasant and
serious diseases, which are considered as pathogens. They can spread from surface to surface
through the process of cross-contamination. Reproduction occurs when a single bacterium
divides into two halves under optimum conditions. Nonetheless, it is already known that bacteria
are not capable of mutation, so once an antibacterial substance is consumed, they are readily
eliminated. In this laboratory experiment, the task is to determine when is the terminal time to have
an antibacterial after acquiring the bacteria.

One of the objectives of this performance check is to solve real-life problems through the
application of the concepts of inverse, exponential, and logarithmic functions with accuracy and
precision. In this test simulation, we are required to record and present data and correctly connect
the problem with tabular and graphical representations. The course of procedures in the scenario
analysis encompasses the construction of a mathematical model representing the relationship of
the number of bacteria and the time elapsed. Moreover, it also involves the substitution of the
corresponding values to x, y, and other variables that can affect the result. Ensuing that, we need
to communicate the data by plotting them in a coordinate plane and provide well-documented
proceedings through pictures with captions.

Table of Values (Positive Axes)

Let x be the number of the generations of bacteria.

Let y be the number of bacteria.

x y
1 2
2 4
3 8
4 16
5 32
6 64
7 128
8 256
9 512
10 1024
11 2048
12 4096
13 8192
Table of Values (Negative Axes)

Let x be the number of the generations of bacteria.

Let y be the number of bacteria.

x y
-1 0.50
-2 0.25
-3 0.125

Graph

The vertical value axis represents the number of the generations of bacteria.

The horizontal value axis represents the number of bacteria.

Bacterial Growth
9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Final Answers with Solutions

1. Do the number of bacteria and the time elapsed have any relationship? If they have, what
is the relationship – direct or inverse? How do you say so? Is there a mathematical model
that represents the relationship? If there is, what is that?
 There is a relationship between the number of bacteria and the time elapsed.
 The relationship is considered as direct because as time passes by, the number of
bacteria increases. Every 20 minutes, bacteria multiply.
 The relationship between these two variables can be represented by a
mathematical model.
 The mathematical model is as follows:

𝒚 = 𝒊 × 𝟐𝒙−𝟏

where:

y = final number of bacteria at the end of the time interval

i = initial number of bacteria

x = number of the generations of bacteria

2. How many bacteria will there be after 24 hours? 36 hours?

After 24 hours:
24 hours is equal to 1 440 minutes. Given that in every 20 minutes bacteria multiply,
hence, there are 72 generations within the time interval.

𝑦 = 𝑖 × 2𝑥−1
𝑦 = 2 × 272−1
𝑦 = 2 × 271
𝑦 = 2 × 2.361183241 × 1021
𝑦 = 4.7223664 × 1021

After 24 hours, the number of bacteria will be 𝟒. 𝟕𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟔𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟏 .

After 36 hours:
36 hours is equal to 2 160 minutes. Given that in every 20 minutes bacteria multiply,
hence, there are 108 generations within the time interval.

𝑦 = 𝑖 × 2𝑥−1
𝑦 = 2 × 2108−1
𝑦 = 2 × 2107
𝑦 = 2 × 1.6225927 × 1032
𝑦 = 3.2451855 × 1032

After 36 hours, the number of bacteria will be 𝟑. 𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟐 .

3. When is it terminal to take an antibacterial after acquiring the bacteria?

It is terminal to take an antibacterial after 6 hours and 40 minutes of the acquisition

of bacteria. In the aforementioned time, bacteria have already propagated into millions.
Therefore, bacterial growth has reached the stage of carrying the risk of causing diseases
which have adverse effects on the health of the human body. Through the injection of an
antibacterial substance, the proliferation of these pathogens can be suppressed.

To determine the terminal stage of bacteria, the formula indicated below is used:

[log(𝑦)−log(𝑖)]
𝑥= +1
𝑙𝑜𝑔2

where:

x = number of the generations of bacteria

y = final number of bacteria at the end of the time interval

i = initial number of bacteria

Assumed Values:

y = 1 000 000

(It is the number of bacteria wherein bacterial growth reaches the stage
which requires the human body to be injected with an antibacterial
substance.)

i=2

(It is the initial number of bacteria during the first generation.)

 To find x, substitute the assumed values to their corresponding variables.

[log(𝑦) − log(𝑖)]
𝑥= +1
𝑙𝑜𝑔2

[log(1 000 000) − log(2)]

𝑥= +1
𝑙𝑜𝑔2

5.70
𝑥= +1
0.30

𝑥 = 19 + 1

𝑥 = 20

To find t or the time interval, divide 20 by 3 since in every hour there are three
generations. The answer would be 6 with a remainder of 2. The equivalent conversion of
the foregoing value in terms of hours and minutes is 6 hours and 40 minutes.

To verify the correctness of the result, find the value of y using the formula indicated
below:

y = 𝒊 × 𝟐𝒙−𝟏

Given:
𝑦 = 𝑖 × 2𝑥−1
x = 20 𝑦 = 2 × 220−1
𝑦 = 2 × 219
i=2 𝑦 = 2 × 524,288
𝑦 = 1,048,576

After 6 hours and 40 minutes, the number of bacteria will be 1 048 576.

Conclusion

In the video, it can be observed that every 20 minutes, bacteria propagate. As the
occurrence of generations continues and as time elapses, the number of bacteria increases.
Whereupon, bacterial growth might reach a stage wherein the human body is at risk of acquiring
diseases if hygienic, sanitary, and medical precautions are neglected.

Health is no ordinary wealth. It is deeper than the shade of gold and more lustrous than
the shimmer of a diamond. It is worth more than any other gem. Thus, staying healthy needs
diligence and attention to prevent bacteria from proliferating. Some practices that can be done
include using hand sanitizers and wipes and cleaning all surfaces with soapy water. Empty areas
where standing water exists to discourage the growth of bacteria. Moreover, use separate
cooking tools for preparing meat, poultry, and fish. Then, cook food thoroughly to destroy
bacteria. Furthermore, take antibiotics when you are affected with any type of bacterial infection.
And one of the simplest yet best ways to control contamination is washing your hands. With these
health routines, we can join our hands together to fight illnesses and give each other a high five
for cheers towards a healthy lifestyle.
Documentation

Acknowledgment

Group Members

Baranda, Yvonne Andrea,

Clemeno, Eivin Gayle,

Ordiales, Hyalo, and

Rafer, Phoebe Anne

for constructing the mathematical model, solving the scenario problem,

answering the activity questions, and encoding the portion of the final output assigned
to each one of them.

Teacher
Ms. Jane Autor

for offering her kind consideration and providing the performance check to the
students, wherein they have grown more accustomed to applying the lessons they have
learned within the four corners of the classroom in solving real-life situations.