AS: e and Natural Logarithms

: R A G Score: /35 Percentage: Target: Grade:

Grade D
1) Use your calculator to work out the value of the following, correct to 4 significant figures.
(i) e4 (ii) e-5 (iii) e-0.8 (iv) ln 2 (v) ln 0.3 (vi) ln 5

2) Solve each of the following equations.

(i) ex = 5 (ii) e3x – 1 = 2 (iii) ex = e1 – 2x (iv) ln x = 7 (v) ln x² = -9
(vi) ln x = 4 – ln 3x

3) Sketch the graphs of y = ln x and y = ex on the same axes. What is the geometrical relationship
between these two curves?

Grade C
4) Make x the subject of
(i) c = dekx (ii) lnx = g (iii) lnx – lny = t

5) The number of bacteria, N, in a colony at time t, where t is measured in hours, is given by the
equation N = 2000e0.3t .
(i) How many bacteria are there after 2 hours?
(ii) After how long has the number of bacteria doubled?

6) Solve
(i) e x =4 e−x (ii) e x −3=4 e−x

7) Differentiate
(i) e4x – 7 (ii) 5e-2x + 17e4x

Grade B
8) The temperature T°C of the water in a kettle t minutes after boiling is modelled by the equation
T = 20 + 80e−0.5t. Find the initial rate of cooling, and the rate of cooling after 2 minutes.

9) The temperature T°C of a hot liquid in a cool room after t minutes is given by the equation
T = 18 + 80e-0.5t.
(i) What is the temperature of the liquid initially?
(ii) Sketch a graph of the temperature of the liquid against time.
(iii)What is the temperature of the liquid after 10 minutes?
(iv) After how long is the temperature of the liquid 25°C?
(v) What do you think the temperature of the room is?

Grade A
10) The mass m of a radioactive substance after t minutes is modelled by m = m0e-kt. The time taken
for the mass of the substance to halve is 2 minutes.
(i) Find the value of k to 3 significant figures.
(ii) How long does it take, to the nearest 10 seconds, for the substance to decay to 5% of its
original mass?
(iii) If m0 = 10g, find the time taken for the mass of the substance to be decreasing at a rate of
0.25.
 1
11) Prove that log 10 (8 √ 5)= (1+5 log 10 2) .
2

Problem Solving
12) Two variables, x and y, are related by the formula y=ax n where a and n are constants. This
table shows three pairs of values of x and y.

x 100 800 5000

y 4000 177 11.3

By drawing a graph, estimate the values of a and n.

13) Solve the equation 2 2 x +23=2x+3 .

Answers
1) i. 54.6 ii. 0.00674 iii. 0.449 iv. 0.693 v. -1.20 vi. 1.61

2) i. 1.61 ii. 0.564 iii. 0.333 iv. 1096.6 v. 0.0111 vi. 4.27

4) i. x = lnc – lnd ii. x = eg iii. x = yet

k
5) i. 3644 ii. 2h 18m 38s

6) i) ln 2 ii) ln 4

7) i. 4e4x – 7 ii. -10e-2x + 68e4x

8) -40 and -14.7 oC/min

9) i. 98oC iii. 18.5oC iv. 4.87 mins v. 18oC

10) i. 0.347 ii. 8 mins 40 seconds iii. 7 mins 35 seconds

12) n=−1.5 , a=10 6.6≃4,000,000

13) 2.772 or 0.228

Knowledge, Skills and Understanding Audit

Questions Topic   
1, 2, 3, 4, 11 Simple manipulation of e and ln.
5, 8, 9, 10 Using exponentials to model real-world situations.
6, 7 Differentiating ef(x) for linear f ( x) .
10 Real-world problems involving rates of change.