Basic Terms in Mensuration
What is Mensuration?
! a branch of mathematics that
deals with measurement of various
parameters of geometric figures
and many more
! The branch of geometry that deals
with the measurement of length,
area, or volume.
! The act or process of measuring.
Line - Facts
! A ray is a straight line which is limited
A
from one side and infinite from
another side.
A
! A segment or line segment is a part of
a straight line which is limited from
both sides.
! Two line segments having the
same length are said to be
congruent line
! Parallel lines are straight lines which lie
on the same plane and do not intersect
no matter how long they are extended.
Plane Shape
! a 2-dimensional flat surface that has breadth
and width, but no thickness.
Line
! Point – a zero dimensional mathematical ! a one-dimensional figure having no
object that has position only, has no thickness and extending infinitely in both
length, no width nor thickness. directions.
! Line – a one-dimensional figure having
no thickness and extending infinitely in
both directions. Typical lines or sometimes
called straight lines showing
! Plane – a flat surface no thickness and
that no twist anywhere along
extends forever.
its length.
! Angle – a space formed by two rays called
sides sharing a common endpoint called
vertex.
Line - Facts Plane
! Intersecting lines are two or
V ! a flat surface that has no thickness and
extends forever.
more different lines that meet at
the same point.
L1
! Transversal line is a line that cuts
B across two or more lines.
! Points on the same line are
said to be collinear. ! Plane is flat surface such that a straight
line joining any two points in it lies wholly
in the surface. A plane is indefinite in
! Midpoint is the point exactly extent, but is usually represented by a
halfway between two A parallelogram lying in the plane.
endpoints of a line segment.
Plane - Facts Plane - Facts
B
! If two planes intersect, their A ! If two planes are
intersection is a straight line perpendicular to the third
plane, their intersection is
! The angle between two
also perpendicular to that
planes is dihedral angle.
plane.
! Points that lie on the same
! When a plane intersects
plane are said to be
two parallel planes, the
coplanar.
intersection is two parallel
lines.
 Angle
! a space formed by two rays called sides sharing
a common endpoint called vertex.
! It measures the amount of turn.
! Vertex is the corner
point of an angle
! Arms are the two
straight sides.
! Angle is the amount of
turn between each
arm.
Forms of Angles
! Acute Angle – angle whose
measure is less than 90°
! Right Angle – angle that
measures exactly 90°
! Obtuse Angle – angle whose
measure is more than 90° and
less than 180°
Angle
! Interior and Exterior Angles – angles
formed by cutting two parallel lines
with a transversal line.
! a, d,e, & h - obtuse and equal
! b, c, f, & g - acute and equal
! c, d, e, & f – interior angles
! a, b, g, & h – exterior angle
! Alternate Interior Angle – pair of nonadjacent
interior angles on opposite sides of the
transversal. Alternate interior angles are
congruent.
! c & f or d, & e - acute and equal
Angle
! Positive Angle – angle
measured in counter
clockwise direction.
! Negative Angle - angle
measured in clockwise
direction.
Forms of Angles
! Straight Angle – angle that
measures exactly 180°
! Reflex Angle – angle whose
measure is more 180° than but
less than 360°
! Circular Angle or Full Rotation–
angle that measures exactly 360°
Angle
! Corresponding Angles – have the
same position with respect to
their lines and the transversal.
Corresponding angles are
congruent
! Pairs of b & f, or d & h, or a & e,
or c & g are corresponding
angles.
! Adjacent Angles – two angles
having the same vertex and a
common side between them.
! b & d or a & c or a & b or c & d
– adjacent angles
Unit of Angle Measurement
! Degree (°) - unit of angle
measurement wherein one complete
revolution is divided into 360 parts.
! 1 degree is divided into 60 equal parts
called minutes (‘)
! 1 min is divided into 60 parts called
seconds (‘’)
! Radian (rad) – unit of angle measurement wherein one
complete revolution equal to 2π
! Gradient (grad) – unit of angle measurement wherein
one complete revolution is divided into 400 parts.
! Mil (mil) – used in military science. A unit of angle
measurement wherein one complete revolution is
divided into 6400 parts.
Angle
! Complementary Angle – two
angles whose sum is 90°
! Supplementary Angle – two
angles whose sum is 180°
Angle
! Vertical Angles – two
nonadjacent angles formed by
two intersecting lines. Vertical
Angles are congruent.
! a & d or b & c – vertical angles
! Two angles having the same number
of angle measurement are said to be
congruent angles.
Plane and Solid Mensuration (A Simplified Approach),Engr. Richard Earnhart & Engr Warren P. Bejasa
Solid Mensuration by Willis F. Kern and James R. Bland