Assignment (Series Solution) Subject: MATH2001

Power Series Solution

1. Define an ordinary and singular point of an ODE.

2. Determine ordinary and singular points of the given ODEs and further determine the nature of
the singularities:

i) x  2y   xy   1 y  0
x
ii) 2

x y   xy   x  n 2 y  0
2

iii) x 2
x  1 y  x  1y  2xy  0
2 2

3. Solve in series the equations:

i) x  1y  3xy  xy  0, y0  4, y0  6 about x  0.
2

ii) 1  x y  xy  y  0 about x  0.

2

iii) y   xy   x  2y  0 about x  0.

2

4. Solve in series the equation y   x  1y   y  0 in powers of x  2 .

5. Use the method of Frobenius:
i) 
2 x 2 y   2 x 2  x y   y  0 .
ii) xy   y   xy  0 .
iii) 
x 2 y   xy   x 2  1 y  0 
iv)  
x 2 y   x  x 2 y   x  9y  0

Bessel’s Equation and Bessel’s Function

2 3−𝑥 2 3 2 3
6. Show that 𝐽5 (𝑥) =√ [( ) sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥]and 𝐽−5 (𝑥) = √𝜋𝑥 [𝑥 sin 𝑥 +
2 𝜋𝑥 𝑥2 2
3−𝑥 2
cos 𝑥].
𝑥2
7. Express 𝐽5 (𝑥) in terms of 𝐽0 (𝑥)and 𝐽1 (𝑥).
8. Prove (i) 4𝐽𝑛′′ = 𝐽𝑛−2 − 2𝐽𝑛 + 𝐽𝑛+2 (ii) 2𝐽0′′ = 𝐽2 − 𝐽0
𝑑 𝑛 𝑛+1
9. Show that (𝐽𝑛 2 + 𝐽𝑛+1 2 ) = 2(𝑥 𝐽𝑛 2 − 𝐽𝑛+1 2 ).
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑
10. Show that (𝑥𝐽𝑛 𝐽𝑛+1 ) = 𝑥{𝐽𝑛 2 − 𝐽𝑛+1 2 }.
𝑑𝑥

Legendre’s Equation and Legendre’s Polynomial

1 1
11. Prove that (i) 𝑃𝑛 ′ (1) = 2 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) (ii) 𝑃𝑛 ′ (−1) = 2 (−1)𝑛−1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1).
1 2𝑛(𝑛+1)
12. Show that ∫−1 𝑥 2 𝑃𝑛−1 (𝑥)𝑃𝑛+1 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = .
(2𝑛−1)(2𝑛+1)(2𝑛+3)
13. Express the following in terms of Legendre’s polynomials
(a) P(x) = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3
(b) P(x) = 4𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2
(c) P(x) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2
14. If 𝑃𝑛 (𝑥) is a Legendre polynomial of degree n and 𝛼 is such that 𝑃𝑛 (𝛼) = 0, show that 𝑃𝑛−1 (𝛼)
and 𝑃𝑛+1 (𝛼) are of opposite sign.