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PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
2019-20

BY - SWAPNIL SHINDE,

XI a
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Index
Contents page no.
 IntroductioN 4-5
 Aim 6
 Materials required 7
 Theory 7
 Procedure 8
 Observation 9
 Result 9
 Precaution 9
 Sources of error 10
 Conclusion 10
 Bibliography 10
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Acknowledgement

I swapnil shinde of standard XI of aps Rkpuram, Secundrabad like

to thank our principal K.Damris madam For giving me a good chance
for creating such an Investigatory project. I extent my heartful thanks
to almighty god for giving whole support throughout this work. I extent
my sincere gratitude to most respectful physics teacher Mrs.Deepa
Santhosh mam for giving me valuable suggestion and advise for
completing my project in a successful manner. I extent my sincere
thanks to my parents for Encouragement and support throughout my
project. I also extent my thanks to all my classmates for the help and
support.

IntroductIon
 DEFINATION:
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A Tesla coil is a type of resonant transformer circuit invented by

Nikola Tesla around 1891. It is used to produce high voltage,
relatively high current, and high frequency alternating current
electricity.

 All About Tesla Coil:

Tesla experimented with a number of different configurations
and they consist of two, or sometimes three, coupled resonant
electric circuits. Tesla used these coils to conduct innovative
experiments in electrical lighting, phosphorescence, x-ray
generation, high frequency alternating current phenomena,
electrotherapy, and the transmission of electrical energy without
wires. The early Tesla coil transformer design employs a
medium- to high-voltage power source, one or more high
voltage capacitors, and a spark gap to excite a multiple layer
primary inductor with periodic bursts of high frequency current.
The multiple-layer Tesla coil transformer secondary is excited by
resonant inductive coupling, the primary and secondary circuits
both being tuned so they resonate at the same frequency
(typically, between 25 kHz and 2 MHz). The later and higher-
power coil design has a single-layer primary and secondary.
These Tesla coils are often used by hobbyists and at venues such
as science museums to produce long sparks. Tesla coil circuits
were used commercially in spark gap radio transmitters for
wireless telegraphy until the 1920s, and in electrotherapy and
pseudo medical devices such as violet ray (although Tesla circuits
were not the first or the only ones used in spark transmitters).
Today their main use is entertainment and educational displays.
Tesla coils are built by many high-voltage enthusiasts, research
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institutions, science museums and independent experimenters.

Although electronic circuit controllers have been developed,
Tesla's original spark gap design is less expensive and has proven
extremely reliable.
But the idea of tesla coil failed because it require huge amount
infrastructures and investment , but the output is less as
compared to wired connections so government have to demolish
the idea of tesla, but the principle behind tesla coil helped in
formation of wireless communications and radios.
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A I m:
To make a working model of tesla coil and
understanding the concepts of wireless transferring of
electricity.

M a t e r I a l r e q u I r e d:

1. Magnetic wire a insulated copper wire

2. 22K Resistor
3. 2N2222 Transistor
4. LED
5. Ordinary breadboard wire
6. Any non conductive cylindrical object
7. 9V Battery (or 5V Supply)
8. Breadboard

T h e o r y:
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The Tesla coil works with the principle of Electromagnetic

Induction. According to which, when a conductor is placed
under a varying magnetic field, a small current will be induced
inside the conductor. For a Tesla coil this conductor will be
called as the secondary coil and the varying magnetic field will
be produced by the primary coil by passing an oscillating
current through the primary coil.

P r o c e d u r e:
1. Tape one end of the 28-gauge copper wire to the top of the PVC pipe. This
will be your secondary coil, which will act as the conductor through which the
current travels.

2. Leave a small space at the top of about 0.5 centimeters and begin to wind
copper wire about 300 to 400 times around the PVC pipe. This part of the
experiment will take the longest but it’s one of the most crucial steps. As you
wrap the copper wire, try not to overlap wires or leave large spaces. When you
reach the bottom, tape the wire to the bottom of the PVC pipe. Leave a 5-inch
tail of wire and you can now cut the wire from its spool.

3. With adult supervision, hot glue gun down the wrapped PVC pipe to the
cardboard. Next, glue down the switch to the left of the PVC pipe followed by
the battery and finally, transistor.

4. Using an insulated cable or 22-gauge copper wire, start about three inches in
and wrap 3 to 4 times around the wire-covered PVC pipe. This is your primary
coil, which you will then need to tape to the PVC pipe and glue the ends onto
the cardboard.
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5. Attach the battery clip to the battery.

6. Glue the resistor in between the switch and transistor.

7. Following the diagram below, twist the corresponding wires together and
cover with electrical tape to ensure safety.
8.Now you can flip the switch on. Pick up your light bulb and hold near the
secondary coil. Hover for a few seconds if it does not immediately turn on
O b s e r v a t I o n:
When you will bring a led bulb near the coil the bulb will start glowing as the
electricity will start flowing wirelessly through the help of air molecules and move
towards the led bulb, helping the bulb to glow.

Result:
1. The electricity transported from tesla coil is more inconsistent as
compared to other method.
2. The tesla coil is economically efficient as it can transfer electricity
to multiple appliances at once.
3. And it is also dangerous as it emits large amount of electric fields
and can cause injuries and death.

P r e c a u t I o n s:

1. Use a power strip with an on/off switch. This will provide you with
a safe way to turn the coil on and off.
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2. Do not perform this demonstration until you remove all metal

objects and electronic devices from your person, such as necklaces,
rings, bracelets, phones, keys and wallets.

3. It should have a minimum of at least 150 turns, you dint have to be

very accurate with the count.

S o u r c e s Of E r r o r :
1. Using of empty batteries.
2. Fused led bulb.
3. Rupture in circuit (open circuit).

C o n c l u s I o n:
After studying and developing the model of TESLA COIL we came to
following conclusion.

We are able to generate high voltage with high frequency and it can be
used for testing the apparatus for switching surges. It can also be used
for study of visual corona and ionization of gases under the electrical
stress. It can also transmit the electrical power wirelessly up to certain
distance depends upon its ratings.

B I b I l o g r a p h y:
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1. https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/how-to-make-a-mini-
tesla-coil-9v [how to make a tesla coil].
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_coil [ tesla coil wikipedia].
3. https://www.quora.com/How-does-a-mini-Tesla-coil-works [how
does a mini tesla coil works].
4. https://www.slideshare.net/abinashchoudhury/tesla-coil-report