LAWS OF EXPONENTS:

REFERENCES:

 https://www.slideshare.net/katherinecircle/laws-of-exponents-7494512

 https://www.slideshare.net/Josephil/laws-of-exponents-1677801

 https://www.slideshare.net/gitapakpahan9/law-of-exponent-lecture-slide

 https://www.slideshare.net/catharineknapp/laws-of-exponents-48306887

 https://www.slideshare.net/kscallion/rules-of-exponents

 https://www.slideshare.net/rockeysammy1/laws-of-exponents-36026655

 https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/exponent-laws.html

OBJECTIVES:

After learning this lesson, you will be able to:

 Define the term exponent

 To list the laws of exponents

 To apply the ability to use the laws of exponents

EXPONENT

 Exponents are also called Powers or Indices.

 The exponent of a number says how many times to

use the number in a multiplication.

In this example: 43 = 4 × 4 × 4
= 64

In words: 43 could be called "4

to the third power", "4 to the
power of 3" or simply "4 cube"

Christian Dy R. Regatcho
STEM 11Y1-2
Let’s Start!

the "Laws of Exponents" (also called "Rules of Exponents") come from

three ideas:

 The exponent says how many times to use the number in a

multiplication.

 A negative exponent means divide, because the opposite of

multiplying is dividing.
1
𝑛
 A fractional exponent like 1/n means to take the nth root: 𝑥 𝑛 = √𝑥

1. Product Law/Rule

 When multiplying two powers with

the same base, just add the
exponents, and simplify.

Examples:

1. x7 . x6 = x7+6 = x13 4. 55 . 52 = 55+2 = 57 = 78125

2. a3 . a . a4 = a3+1+4 = a8 5. 23 . 28 = 23+8 = 211 = 2048
3. 3 . 32 . 34 = 31+2+4 = 37 = 2187

2. Quotient Law/Rule

 When dividing two powers with

the same base, just subtract
the exponents, and simplify.

Examples:

1. x4 / x2 = x4-2 = x2 4. 48 / 47 = 48-7= 4
2. y9 / y7 = y9-7 = y2 5. 75 / 73 = 75-3 = 72 = 49
3. a6 / a3 = a6-3 = a3

Christian Dy R. Regatcho
STEM 11Y1-2
 3. Power of a Power Law/Rule

 To simplify any power of power,

simply multiply the exponents.

Examples:

1. (43)2 = 43×2 = 46 = 4096 4. (25)2 = 25×2 = 210 = 1024

2. (a9)4 = a9×4 = a36 5. (32)2 = 32×2 = 34 = 81
3. (x2)8 = x2×8 = x16

4. Power of a Product Law/Rule

 To find a power of a product,

find the power of each factor
and multiply

Examples:

1. (xy)3= x3y3 4. (6)2=(3×2)2= 3222

2. (8)3=(6×2)3= 6323 5. (ab)5=(a×b)5= a5b5
3. (6)4 = (3×2)4= 3424

5. Power of a Quotient Law/Rule

 To raise a quotient to a power,

raise both the numerator and
denominator to that power .

Examples:
2
2 3 23 𝑥2 𝑥4
1. (7) = 4. (𝑦 3 ) =
73 𝑦6
4 2
𝑎9 𝑎36 23 26
2. (𝑏6 ) = 𝑏24 5. (42 ) = 44

Christian Dy R. Regatcho
STEM 11Y1-2
 3
𝑚3 𝑚9
3. ( 𝑛4 ) = 𝑛12

6. Exponent of Zero

 A non-zero base raised to a

zero exponent is equal to one.

Examples:

1. 70= 1 4. y0= 1
2. 810= 1 5. 100= 1
3. x0= 1

7. Negative Exponent

 A non-zero base raised to a

negative exponent is equal to
the reciprocal of the base
raised to the positive exponent.

Examples:

1 1 1 1
1. 2-3 = (23 )= (6) 4. 5-2 = (52 ) = (25)

1 1 1
2. 3-4 = (34 ) = (81) 5. x-2 = ( 𝑥 2 )

5 −1 2 1 2
3. (2) = (5) or 5

8. Fractional Exponent

 The important feature here is the root

index. Remember the root index tells us
how many times our answer must be
multiplied with itself to yield the
radicand. A fractional exponent is an
alternate notation for expressing
powers and roots together.

Christian Dy R. Regatcho
STEM 11Y1-2
Examples:
2 2 1
3 3 2
1. 𝑥 3 = √𝑥 2 = ( √𝑥) 4.812 = √81= 9
2 1
3 3
2. 83 = √82 = √64 = 4 5.𝑦 3 = 3√𝑦
3 3
8
3. ( √𝑎 ) = 𝑎8

PRACTICE MAKES BETTER!

Directions: Simplify the following exponential expressions by applying the

rules/laws of exponents. Analyze and answer each item carefully.

1. (64 𝑥 7 108 )0
65
2. (63 )
3. 5−2
1
4. 642
5
(43 )
5. (109 55 𝑚2 )0

HOMEWORK not SCHOOL WORK!

Directions: Simplify the following. Answer each item carefully.

1. (𝑥 2 𝑦)(𝑥 3 𝑦 2 ) 6. (𝑥 9 )(𝑥 −7 )
2. 80 7. 𝑓 −7
𝑥2𝑦3 1
3. 8. 𝑋 −5
𝑥𝑦
1
4. (32 )4 9. 642
6𝑥 7
5. 𝑦 −7 10. 2𝑥 5

Christian Dy R. Regatcho
STEM 11Y1-2