Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SECTION I-II
1){1-10}Introduction
INFORMED CONSENT
1.Informed consent(Dec 2000)(June 2010).
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11)Sleep,Memory and Consciousness
1.Write down the physiology of sleep.How does it differ from anaesthesia?What
phases occur during various stages of anaesthesia?(June 1999).
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12)ANS
1.Clinical tests for evaluation of autonomic nervous system(June 2008).[Pg 295-
Miller 7th ed]
2.A 50 year old male and known diabetic is scheduled for upper abdominal
surgery.How will you evaluate the ANS?(Dec 2009).
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13)CNS Physiology
1.Regulation of CBF(Dec 2001).
3.ICP(Dec 2003).
-Enumerate the factors regulating CBF and the effect of various anaesthetic
drugs on CBF(June 2010)[Pg25-RACE 2008]
5.What is cerebral autoregulation?Discuss the implications of various inhala-
tional anaesthetic agents on cerebral auroregulation(June 2011).[Pg 615,6,619-
Morgan 4rth ed]
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14)Neuromuscular Physiology and Pharmacology
1.Neuromuscular transmission(Dec 1999).[Pg 93-RACE 2012]
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15)Respiratory Physiology.
ODC
1.oxygen dissociation curve(Dec 1996).
FRC
1.FRC(Dec 1998).
ANATOMY OF LARYNX
1.Tracheo-bronchial tree with diagram(June 1999).[Pg 2 –Ajay yadav]
5.Describe the innervations of larynx and the palsises following nerve in jury
with the help of diagram(s)(Dec 2012)
7.Define Fink effect,Diffusion hypoxia and second gas effect.How are they of
importance to the anaesthetist?(Dec 2011).
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16)Cardiac Physiology
1.Coronary circulation(June 1996)[Pg 752-Stoelting physio pharma]
2.Describe the arterial circulation of the heart with the aid of a diagram men-
tioning the unique features of coronary blood flow.Explain the Goldman’s car-
diac risk index and its importance to the anaesthetist(June 2000).[Pg 21-RACE
2001,Pg 137-RACE 2003]
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18)Renal Physiology
1.Regulation of kidney in acid base balance(Dec 1995).
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SECTION III
19)Basic Principles of Pharmacology.
1.Continous infusion of drugs in anaesthesia(June 1994)
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20)Inhaled Anaesthetics-MOA
1.Minimum alveolar concentration(Dec 1996)
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21)Inhaled Anaesthetics-Uptake and Distribution
1.Concentration effect and second gas effect produced during uptake of inhala-
tional agent(Dec 2007).[Pg 543-Miller]
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22)Pulmonary Pharmacology
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23)CVS Pharmacology
1.CCB’s in surgical patients(June 1994).
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24)Inhaled Anaesthetics-Metabolism and Distribution
1.Nephrotoxicity of halogenated anaesthetics(Dec1994)(June 1996).[Pg 69-
Stoelting physio-pharma]
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25)Inhaled Anaesthetics-Delivery systems
CIRCUITS
1.Coaxial circuits(Dec 1998)(June 2002)[Pg 27 -RACE 2010]
5.Describe the functional analysis of Bain’s circuit.How will you check the func-
tional integrity of Bain’s circuit(June 2011).
VAPORIZERS
1.Types of plenum vaporizers(Dec 1995).
5.What are the two major effects of pressure fluctuation in tha anaesthesia ma-
chine on vaporizer output?Describe the improvisations in designing to over-
come this problem(June 2011)[Pg 128-Dorsch & Dorsch]
2.Describe the pre anaesthetic check list for anaesthesia machine and equip-
ment(Dec 2009).
3.Describe the anaesthesia machine check protocol prior to induction of anaes-
thesia(Dec 2010).
7.What is relative and absolute humidity?What are active and passive humidifi-
ers?What are their advantages and disadvantages?(Dec 2012)
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26)IV Anaesthetics.
ADRENERGIC DRUGS
GENERAL
1.Adrenergic receptor antagonist and their uses(Dec 1994)
BETA BLOCKERS
1.Beta receptor blockade :-its relation in anaesthesia(June 1996).[Pg 32-OAR]
ALPHA-2 AGONISTS
1.Clinical use of alpha 2 agonists in anaesthesia(Dec 2004).
->CLONIDINE
1.Clonidine in anaesthesia practice(June2007).
->DEXMEDETOMIDINE
1.Dexmedetomidine:Clinical applications and complications(June 2008).
2.Dexmedetomidine(June 2010).
PROPOFOL
1.Propofol(June 1996)[Pg 154-Stoelting PP]
2.Midazolam(1996-2000).
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27)Opoids.
1.What are the various routes of administration of morphine?Discuss the
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of epidural morphine(June 1996).[Pg
90-Stoelting physio-pharma]
2.Remifentanyl(June 1998).
10.Mention the intrathecal and epidural opoids in clinical practice and their
complications(June 2006).
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28)IV Drug Delivery Sytems .
1.TIVA(Dec 1996)(June 2000)(June 2001)(Dec 2001)(Dec 2003)(June 2006).[Pg
41-RACE 2009]
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29)Pharmacology of Muscle Relaxants and Antagonism.
1.Interaction of depolarizing with NDMR’s(Dec 1995)
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30)Local Anaesthetics
LAST
1.Management of local anaesthetic toxicity(June 2000).[Pg 59 –ISACON 2008]
2.Treatment of systemic toxicity of LA drugs(June 2003).
5.Discuss the clinical manifestations of local anaesthetic toxicity and its man-
agement(June 2011).
6.Describe the toxicity of commonly used local anaesthetic agents and its man-
agement(June 2012)
3.Ropivacaine(June 2002).
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31)Nitric Oxide and Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators
1.Nitric oxide(Dec 1995)(June 2010).
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32)Complementary and Alternative Therapy
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SECTION IV-ANAESTHESIA MANAGEMENT
33)Risk of Anaesthesia(Anesthetic complications)
VAE
1.Air Embolism during anaesthesia.(June 1996).
5.VAE(Dec 2003).
11.How do you diagnose and manage a case of VAE during spine surgery?(Dec
2012)
ARRYTHMIAS
1.Prevention and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias during GA(Dec 1995).
BRONCHOSPASM
1.Intraoperative bronchospasm(Dec 1995)[Pg 111-RACE 2008]
LARYNGOSPASM
1.Laryngospasm during anaesthesia(Dec 2007).[Yao,Ph 441-ISACON 2009]
ANAPHYLAXIS(ANAPHYLACTOID) REACTIONS
1.Clinical manifestations and management of anaphylactic reactions in anaes-
thesia practice(June 1995).
2.Hypersensitivity reaction in anaesthesia practice(Dec 1995).
INFECTIONS
1.Infections related to anaesthesia practice(Dec 2001).[Pg 974-Morgan]
.AIDS(June 2004).
DELAYED RECOVERY
1.Possible causes of delayed recovery from GA(Dec 2004). [Pg 269-ISACON
2009]
2.What are the potential causes of delayed resumption of spontaneous recovery
after abdominal surgery with general anaesthesia.Discuss the problem,its diag-
nosis and management(June 2005).[Pg 112-RACE 2002]
3.Discuss the causes of delayed recovery from anaesthesia and the manage-
ment(June 2006).
DESATURATION
1.Management of a patient who is not maintaining oxygen saturation after an
elective abdominal surgery(Dec 2005).
2.List the various causes of reduced arterial oxygen tension in the intraopera-
tive period and outline their management(June 2010).
3.A 30 year old female ASA Grade 1 following exploratory laparotomy,is not
maintaining oxygen saturation in the postop period.Discuss its causes and
management(June 2011).
PMI
1.Prevention and treatment of intra-operative MI(June 2000).[pg 298-IJA 2007]
HTN
1.Etiology and treatment of hypertension during surgery(June 1994).
HYPERCAPNIA
1.CO2 carriage in blood and effects of hypercapnia(June 1995)
2.What are the causes of hypercarbia during the intraoperative period.Discuss
the effects and management(June 2006).
PULMONARY EDEMA
1.Treatment of acute pulmonary edema(Dec 1994).
BLOOD LOSS
1.Blood loss monitors(Dec 1995)
HYPOTENSION
1.Aetiology and management of hypotension during anaesthesia(June 1996).
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
1.Occupational hazards for/to the anaesthetist(June 1996)(June 2001)(Dec
2001)(Dec 2003)[CEACCP]
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34)Preoperative Evaluation.
PAC
1.PAC clinic(June 1994).
4.What are the goals of pre-anaesthetic check up?ASA risks grading and fasting
guidelines(Dec 2011).[Pg 1002 Miller 7th ed]
SMOKING
1.Hazards of smoking relevant to anaesthetist(June 1997).
LIVER DISEASE
1.Assessment of risk factors for patient with moderate to severe liver dis-
ease(Dec 2001).[RACE 2011]
IHD
1.Evaluation of cardiac patient for non –cardiac surgery(June 2004).
2.Enumerate the RCRI.Draw the algorithm of cardiac evaluation for non-cardiac
surgery as recommended in ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on peri-operative CVS
evaluation and care(June 2010).
3.How will you evaluate a 50 year old male patient with history of IHD present-
ing for major abdominal surgery?(Dec 2011).
VHD
1.Preoperative evaluation of a patient with VHD(Dec 2005).
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35)Anaesthetic Complications of Concurrent Disease
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA:-
IHD
CORONARY STENT
1.Guidelines for management of anaesthesia in a patient with coronary
stent(June 2008).
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CARDIAC PATIENT FOR NON CARDIAC SURGERY
1.Discuss the preoperative evaluation and anaesthetic management of an emer-
gency abdominal operation in a 60 year old man who had MI 6 weeks
back(1996-2000).
5.Describe the arterial circulation of the heart with the aid of a diagram men-
tioning the unique features of coronary blood flow.Explain the Goldman’s Car-
diac risk Index and its importance to the anaesthetist(1996-2000).
12.What are the predictors of cardiac risk in cardiac patients undergoing non
cardiac surgery?Describe briefly the anaesthetic consideration in a patient with
coronary artery disease with ejection fraction of 40% for laparoscopic cholecys-
tectomy(Dec 2012).
VHD
1.Clinical features of infective endocarditis,principle guidelines to use antibiot-
ics as prophylaxis against,during surgery(June 2005).
2.Discuss the anaesthetic management of 20 year old male with RHD with MS
for closed mitral valvotomy(June 2007).[Pg 3 –OAR,Pg 31-Stoelting]
HTN
1.Define HTN.How will you evaluate and prepare preoperatively a 40 year old
female patient scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy.Discuss the anaesthetic
and postoperative management of such a case?(Dec 2000)
DM
1.Discuss pre and post anaesthetic management of acute abdomen in a patient
with uncontrolled diabetes(Dec 1994)
5.DKA(June 2004).
10.Describe the different methods used for perioperative control of blood sugar
in diabetic patients undergoing major abdominal surgery with their advantages
and disadvantages(Dec 2009).[Pg 782-Yao]
THYROID
HYPOTHYROIDISM
1.A 50 year old woman with hypothyroidism is scheduled for abdominal hys-
terectomy.Discuss the anaesthetic management(Dec 2008).
THYROID STORM
1.Etiopathology and management of thyroid crisis(Dec 1999)
2.A 35 year old lady with huge thyroid mass presenting with thyrotoxicosis is
posted for subtotal thyroidectomy.Discuss the preoperative preparation and
anaesthetic management(Dec 2000).[Pg 1282-Barasch,Pg 807-Morgan]
COPD
1.Discuss the current concepts in the management of a case of chronic obstruc-
tive airway disease in respiratory failure(1996-2000).
CARCINOID TUMOR
1.Carcinoid tumor(June 2004). [Stoelting ]
2.A 30 year old woman is scheduled for removal of carcinoid tumor.Write the
anaesthetic management(June 2008).[Pg 172-Oxford handbook of anaesthe-
sia]
CUSHING’s SYNDROME
1.Discuss the anaesthetic management of a 25 years old female with cushing’s
syndrome for bilateral adrenalectomy(June 2007).[Pg 395-Stoelting]
2.A 30 year old female with Cushing’s syndrome is scheduled for bilateral
adrenalectomy.Describe the anaesthetic management(Dec 2009).
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36)Patient Positioning.
1.Positional hazards under anaesthesia(1996-2000)[Pg 965-Morgan]
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37)Neuromuscular Disorders and Malignant Hyperther-
mia
MG
1.MG versus Myaesthenic syndrome(June 1994)
9.What are the clinical features of MG?Discuss perioperative evaluation and an-
aesthetic management of a case presenting for interval appendicectomy(June
2012).
10.What are the anaesthetic concerns in the management of a patient with my-
asthenia gravis scheduled for thoracoscopic thymectomy(Dec 2012).
MH
1.MH(Dec 1998)(Dec 2003)(June 2004).[Pg 945-Morgan]
5.What are the diagnostic features that would lead to identify malignant hyper-
thermia during immediately after anaesthesia and state the guidelines of man-
agement?(Dec 2005).
GBS
1.GBS(June 2004).
PARKINSON’s DISEASE
1.Pre-op evaluation and anaesthetic considerations of a patient with Parkinson’
disease(June 2008)(Dec 2008).[Pg 227-Stoelting,Pg 650 Morgan,IJA 2007,Pg
630-Barasch]
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38)Fundamental Principles of Monitoring and Instrumen-
tation(PHYSICS related to anaesthesia)
VENTURI
1.Venturi principle and its clinical implication(June 1995) [Pg 181-Aitkenhead]
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39)Monitoring Depth of Anaesthesia.
BIS
1.What is BIS monitoring?What are its clinical applications in anaesthesia prac-
tice?(Dec 2008).
9.List and brief statement and effectiveness of each of the means available for
detecting awareness during anaesthesia(June 2005).
10.What are the measures by which you can measure the depth of anaesthesia
during the intra operative period?(June 2005).
3.Describe the anatomy of IJV with the help of a diagram.Discuss any one ap-
proach for IJV cannulation(Dec 2011)
3.what are the determinants of cardiac output and discuss various non-invasive
methods of measurement of cardiac output(Dec 2006)
1.PAC(June 1998).
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41)TEE
1.TEE(June 2001)(Dec 2001).[yao]
2.How is USG useful in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine and explain the
usefulness of TEE during cardiac surgery(Dec 2005).[IJA 2007]
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42)ECG
1.Modified bipolar standard limb lead systems and its usefulness for intraoper-
ative monitoring(Dec 1995).
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43)ICD and Pacemakers
1.Discuss different types of pacemakers and briefly enumerate precautions to
be taken during surgery with pacemaker(June 2007).
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44)Respiratory Monitoring.
PULSE OXIMETER
1.Limitations of pulse oximeter(Dec 1995).
CAPNOGRAPHY
1.Role of capnography during anaesthesia(June 1996).[Pg 45-RACE 2004]
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45)Renal Function Monitoring
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46)Neurologic Monitoring.
1.SSEP(June 1998)**.
2.Minimum monitoring for post spinal fusion in scoliosis(June 2003).
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47)Neuromuscular Monitoring
1.Methods of monitoring neuromuscular junction function(Dec 1995).
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48)Temperature Regulation & Monitoring
1.Discuss the regulation of body temperature.How will you prevent hypother-
mia in a neonate posted for major abdominal surgery(Dec 2002).
2.Describe in brief the sites and devices for temperature monitoring(Dec 2008).
3.What are the major buffer systems in the body?Enumerate the causes,effects
and management of metabolic acidosis(Dec 2009).[Pg 716-Morgan]
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50)Airway Management in the Adult
AIRWAY ASSESSMENT
1.Airway assessment(June 2005).
SGA
1.Supra Glottic Airway devices(Dec 2007). [Pg 85-RACE 2009,Pg 633-OAR]
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LMA
1.Merits and demerits of LMA(June 1996).
DIFFICULT AIRWAY
TM ANKYLOSIS
1.Describe airway management of a patient of ankylosing spondylitis with se-
vere restriction of neck movement posted for total hip replacement(Dec 1996) .
3.A 20 year old is scheduled for release of TMJ ankylosis.Discuss the various
methods to secure the airway(Dec 2008). -Describe briefly the difficult airway
algorithm.How will you perform awake intubation in an adult with restricted
mouth opening?(Dec 2011).[IJA 2011]
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4.Describe briefly the difficult airway algorithm.How will you perform awake
intubation in an adult with restricted mouth opening?(Dec 2011)
2.Draw a labeled diagram of a flexible FOB and describe methods for its sterili-
zation or high level disinfection(Dec 2007).
3.Describe the techniques for anaesthetizing the airway for awake fibreoptic
laryngoscopy and intubation through nasal route in an adult with restricted
mouth opening(Dec 2010).
2.How does the paediatric airway differ from that of an adult?What are the im-
plications for an anaesthesiologist(Dec 2009).[Pg 36-IJA 2004,Pg923-Morgan]
3.How will you anaesthetize the airway of a 40 year old man for awake intuba-
tion?(Dec 2006).
5.Describe the anatomy of larynx.How would you anaesthetize the airway for
awake intubation(June 2009).
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51)Spinal,Epidural and Caudal Anaesthesia.
ANTICOAGULANTS AND RA
1.Antothrombotic prophylaxis and neuraxial anaesthesia(June 2006).
PDPH
1.PDPH(June 1999).[IJA 2006,ATOTW-181,Pg 125 –RACE 2012}
9.CSE(June 2002).
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52)Nerve Blocks.
STELLATE GANGLION BLOCK
1.Indications and methods of stellate ganglion block(June 2002).
OPTHALMIC BLOCKS
1.Peribulbar block(Dec 1998).
2.Illustrate the anatomy of celiac plexus with the help of a diagram.Describe the
technique of celiac plexus block and its complications(Dec 2009).
ANKLE BLOCK
1.Innervation of foot and technique of performing ankle block(Dec 1995)
2.Describe the nerve supply of foot and the technique of ankle block for ampu-
tation of great toe(Dec 2006).
3.Describe the nerve innervations of the foot with diagram and dsicuss the local
anaesthetic block at the ankle for the amputation of gangrenous toes in a pa-
tient(June 1999).[Pg 352-Morgan]
4.Describe the regional block for removal of infected corn foot(Dec 2010)
PARAVERTEBRAL BLOCK
1.Describe anatomy of paravertebral space and describe one method of estab-
lishing paravertebral block(June 2007).[Pg 354-Morgan]
4.Describe the course of sciatic nerve and any one approach to block the
nerve(June 2011).
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53)USG guidelines for RA
1.What principle is used in USG?How is USG useful in anaesthesia?(June 2008).
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54)IV Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology.
CRYSTALLOID/COLLOID
1.Merits and demerits of crystalloids and colloids(June 1994)
Mg2+
1.Role of Magnesium in anaesthesia practice(June 2000).[FRCA/BJA]
K+
1.Hypokalemia(Dec 1998)(June 2000).[Pg 677-Morgan]
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1.Treatment of hyperkalemia(June 2002).
3.Hyperkalemia(June 2006).
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1.Discuss the ECG abnormalities due to various electrolyte imbalances(Dec
2008).[Pg 679-Morgan 4th ed]
SIADH
1.Water intoxication(June 1999).
2.How is the diagnosis of dilutional hyponatremia made?what is its significance
in anaesthesia?(June2002).
Na+
1.What are the manifestations of hyponatremia and how will you treat it?(Dec
2006).
Ca2+
1.Discuss causes,clinical manifestations and treatment of hypercalcemia..What
are the anaesthetic considerations?(June 2012)
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55)Transfusion Therapy
BLOOD COMPONENT THERAPY
1.Present trend of blood component therapy(June 2000)
COMPLICATIONS
1.Blood transfusion and related disease transmission(Dec 1995).
2.Complications and Sequelae of BT(June 1996)(Dec 2008)[Pg 700-Morgan 4th
ed]
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56)Coagulation.
1.DIC(June 1995)(June 1998).
7.Describe the algorithm of the evaluation and initial therapy of a patient with
suspected perioperative coagulopathy(Dec 2012).
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57)Autologous Transfusion,r VIIa and Bloodless Medicine.
AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION
1.Autologous BT(June 1996)(June 1998)(June 1999)(June 2000)(Dec 2004)(Dec
2007).[ACNA-2005]
2.What are the methods adopted by the anaesthetist to reduce the need for al-
logenic blood transfusions(June 2005).
4.Write the blood conservation strategies in a 20 year old female scheduled for
excision of angiofibroma of nose(June 2008).[Pg 65-RACE 2009]
2.The WHO three step ladder pattern for pain relief in advanced cancer(Dec
1997)(Dec 2001).
8.Explain the term CRPS?What are the types of CRPS?Describe its clinical fea-
tures and options for treatment(June 2012).
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59)Anaesthesia for Thoracic Surgery
OLV
4.What are the indications for OLV?Discuss the ventilatory management during
one lung anaesthesia(Dec 2006). [Pg 589-Morgan 4th ed]
5.What are the indications of OLV?What are the methods of lung separa-
tion?Discuss the problems involved(June 2009).
PNEUMONECTOMY
3.How would you evaluate and prepare a patient with chronic bronchiectasis
scheduled for pneumonectomy?Briefly enumerate the postoperative complica-
tions(June 2012).
ESOPHAGECTOMY
3.A 68 year old male with carcinoma esophagus is posted for total esophagec-
tomy and gastric pull up.Describe the preoperative preparation,evaluation and
anaesthetic management(June 2011).
PFT’s
(a)Healthy adult
4.Hydropneumothorax(June 2003).
6.A 40 year old male with emphysematous bullae in right lung is scheduled for
thoracoscopic excision of bulla(VATS).Describe the anaesthetic manage-
ment(Dec 2009).
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60)Anaesthesia for cardiac surgery
CPB
1.Myocardial preservation(June 1994)(June 2004)
5.Discuss the various criteria required before weaning a patient from CPB(June
2011).
OPCAB
1.Discuss advantages and disadvantages of OPCAB(Dec 2006)
1.Discuss anaesthetic management of 20 years old male with RHD with MS for
closed mitral valvotomy(June 2007).
CARDIAC TRANSPLANT
1.Preop anaesthetic implications in a patient with transplanted heart posted for
incidental surgery(Dec 2007).[Pg 22-Stoelting]
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61)Anaesthesia for Correction of Cardiac Arrythmi-
as(pacemakers)
1.Specific problems and their prevention during anaesthesia in a patient with
artificial pacemaker(Dec 2000).[RACE 2008,Pg 437-RACE 2009]
2.Pacemakers(June 2002).
3.What are the indications for elective cardioversion?How do you prepare and
perform this procedure?(Dec 2006).
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62)Anaesthesia for Vascular Surgery.
1.Role of anaesthetist in a case of TAO(June 2002).
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63)Anesthesia for Neurosurgery.
POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA SURGERY
1.A 40 year old male had pulse 45/min amd BP 190/110 mmHg,diagnosed case
of tumor mass in the posterior fossa.How will you prepare and manage the case
for removal of tumor(June 2004)
2.A 20 year old female with mass in posterior cranial fossa is scheduled for
craniotomy.Describe the anaesthetic management(Dec 2009).[Pg 205-RACE
2011]
1.Discuss the regulation of ICT and methods available for reducing it under an-
aesthesia(Dec 1994)..
8.A 25 years old man presents with marked features of acromegaly and is post-
ed for transphenoidal hypophysectomy.Discuss the anaesthetic manage-
ment(Dec 2007).[EORCAPS-2011]
4.Obesity:anaesthetic problems(1996-2000).
5.Describe obesity and problems related to this.How would you manage the an-
aesthesia and choice of anaesthetic agent(June 2003).
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65)Anaesthesia for Renal and GUT
1.Describe the anaesthetic assessment and management of a 70 year old pa-
tient posted for TURP.What are the possible complications and how will you
treat them?(Dec 1995).
5.What are the problems associated with anaesthesia for an elective surgery in a
patient of chronic renal failure(Dec 2005).
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66)Anaesthesia and Hepatobiliary System .
HEPATO RENAL SYNDROME
5.A 40 year old patient with portal hypertension is scheduled for lieno renal
shunt.Outline the pre-operative evaluation,preparation and anaesthetic man-
agement of this patient(June 2010).{Pg 265-270-Stoelting]
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67)Anaesthesia for Organ Transplantation.
RENAL TRANSPLANT
1.How do you plan for renal transplant surgery?Draw plan for an operation
theatre exclusively for renal transplant surgery(1996-2000).
LIVER TRANSPLANT
HEART TRANSPLANT
1.A patient who has undergone heart transplant requires non cardiac sur-
gery.What precautions must be undertaken by an anaesthetic for surgery(Dec
2005).
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68)Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Surgery.
1.Problems of laparoscopic surgery and monitoring techniques used during the
procedure(1996-2000).
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69)Anaesthesia for OBG
I.PIH
HELLP SYNDROME
1.Diagnosis and management of HELLP syndrome(June 1996).
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4.A 25 years primi gravid in 34 weeks of pregnancy with PIH presented with a
BP of 200/110 mmHg for an elective LSCS.Discuss the problems involved and
the anaesthetic management(June 2000)
1.A female patient aged 32,with 5 months amenorrhoea suffered from Koch’s
mid dorsal spine developed paraplegia.She is scheduled for anterolateral de-
compression surgery.Discuss pre-operative preparation,anaesthetic manage-
ment and postoperative care(Dec 1996).
III.ANAESTHESIA FOR CS
Mendelson’s syndrome
1.Discuss the pathogenesis,clinical features and management of mendelson’s
syndrome(June 1996).[Pg 286-Morgan,Pg 1223-Barasch]
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5.Discuss the pre operative evaluation and management of a 30 year old female
patient who underwent mitral valve replacement 6 months ago and is now
scheduled for MTP with laparoscopic sterilisation(Dec 2006).
7.A HIV positive patient is scheduled for elective CS.Describe the precautions
for the management of this patient(Dec 2009).
IV.LABOUR ANALGESIA
V.GENERAL
5.Enumerate the physiological changes during pregnancy and their clinical im-
plications(Dec 2008).[Pg 63-ARC 5,Pg 875-Morgan 4th ed]
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70)Anaesthesia for Orthopaedics.
TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT
1.A 60 year old women with RA is for THR.Discuss the anaesthetic problems
and management(June 1994)
2.An 80 year old male is posted for total hip replacement.Discuss the pre-
operative evaluation,preparation and anaesthetic management of this case(June
2002).[Pg 205-ISACON 2009]
5.An 86 year old patient is scheduled for open reduction and internal fixation
of subtronchanteric fracture of femur.Discuss the preoperative evaluation and
anaesthetic management of this patient(Dec 2006).
9.What are the causes of intra operative hypotension during total hip replace-
ment?Outline the treatment strategies(Dec 2012)
SCOLIOSIS
FAT EMBOLISM
2.What are the indications and contraindications for use of arterial tourni-
quet.What complication may arise from the use of such tourniquet(June 2005).
5.How will you diagnose DVT?Write the methods of prophylaxis and manage-
ment(June 2008).[Pg 850-Morgan]
6.How do you diagnose DVT?Describe the predisposing factors and its man-
agement(Dec 2009).
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71)Anaesthesia for Geriartrics.
1.Ageing and organ function(June 2001)(Dec 2001).
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72)Anaesthesia for Trauma.
1.Role of anaesthetist in multiple trauma(Dec 2001).[Pg 113-ISACON 2007]
3.How will you do anaesthetic management in 10 years old child with multiple
injuries?(June 2003).
5.What are the factors that predispose trauma patients to increased anaesthetic
risks?Briefly mention their management(Dec 2012).
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73)Anesthesia for Prehospital Emergency and Trauma
Care.
GOLDEN HOUR
2.What do you mean by the golden hour in trauma?Discuss the role of anaes-
thetist in resuscitation of trauma patient(June 2006).[Pg 538-ISACON 2011,Pg
287-RACE 2012]
TRIAGE
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74)Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents:The Role of
the Anaesthesiologist.
1.Enumerate the classical biological warfare agents.Describe physical find-
ings,pathogenesis and treatment of anthrax(Dec 2010).
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75)Anaesthesia for Eye.
PERFORATING EYE INJURY IN A CHILD
2.A 4 year old child is scheduled for emergency repair of penetrating eye injury
of the eye.Discuss the anaesthetic management(Dec 2006).
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76)Anesthesia for ENT
POST- TONSILLECTOMY BLEEDING
4.An 8 years old child who underwent tonsillectomy 4 hours ago retuns to the
operating table with bleeding from tonsillar site.Describe prepara-
tion,preoperative assessment and anaesthetic management of this case(Dec
2012)
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77)Anaesthesia for Robotic Surgery.
1.Anaesthetic problems in robotic surgery(June 2007).[Pg 2389-Miller]
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78)Anaesthesia for Laser Surgery.
1.Problems during anaesthesia for laser surgery(June1996)[Pg 846-Morgan]
5.A 22 year old male patient with multiple papilloma of larynx is scheduled for
laser excision.Describe the anaesthetic management(Dec 2009).
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79)Anaesthesia for DCS(AA).
MONITORED ANAESTHESIA CARE
2.Monitored anaesthesia care in a 75 year old man with IHD for cataract sur-
gery(June 2000).
3.Monitored anaesthesia care in 80 years old man with IHD for cataract sur-
gery(Dec 2004).[Pg 65-RACE 2008]
DCS
11.What are the anaesthetic considerations for DCS?Discuss the clinical criteria
for recovery and discharge after day care surgery(June 2012)
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80)Anaesthesia at Remote Locations.
MRI
2.MRI(June 2004).
6.What are the limitations and hazards of providing anaesthesia in the MRI
suite?Describe the anaesthetic management of a 6 months old child with hy-
drocephalus scheduled for MRI(Dec 2009)(Dec 2012).
RD AND RT
3.A 60 year old male with refractory depression is scheduled for ECT.Describe
the anaesthetic management(Dec 2009).
CT
1.Management of a 4 year old child scheduled foe CT barin using an iodine so-
lution(Dec 2000).
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81)Clinical Care in Extreme Environments at High and
Low pressure in Space.
1.What are the problems with acute exposure to high altitude?Discuss briefly
the anaesthetic considerations at high altitude(June 2011).
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82)Dental Anesthesia
1.Anaesthesia for multiple dental extractions in a child with TOF(Dec 1996).
5.Discuss in brief the problems of adult patients with Down’s syndrome for
multiple teeth extraction(June 2005).
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84)Paediatric Anesthesia.
TEF
1.Anaesthetic management of a 2 day old neonate for primary repair of
TEF(June 1996).[Pg 2590-Miller]
2.Describe the anatomy and physiology of various types of TEF.Discuss the an-
aesthetic management(June 2003).[Pg 71-RACE 2005]
3.Pre-anaesthetic assessment and preparation of one day old neonate for TEF
repair(June 2007).[Pg 941-Morgan]
MENINGO-MYELOCOELE
1.Preoperative management of a neonate for meningomyelocoele surgery(June
1997).[Pg 206-Rebecca Jacob]
HYDROCEPHALUS
1.Preoperative assessment and anaesthetic management of a 2 year old child of
hydrocephalus posted for shunt procedure(Dec 2007).[Pg 603-Stoelting]
2.Discuss the perioperative problems and anaesthetic management of a one
year old child with hydrocephalus scheduled for shunt procedure(June
2012).[EORCAPS 2011]
GASTROCHISIS
1.Discuss the problems,preoperative preparation and anaesthetic management
of a neonate posted for repair of gastrochisis(Dec 2001).[Pg 26-ISACON 2008]
FOREIGN BODY
1.A 4 year old boy has come im emergency with foreign body in right bron-
chus.How will u manage for bronchoscopy for such a patient(June 2004).
3.A 2 year old child weighing 10kg is scheduled for removal of organic foreign
body in right bronchus.Discuss the anaesthetic management(Dec 2007).[Pg 186-
Rebecca Jacob]
4.A 2year old child is scheduled for removal of organic body in the right bron-
chus.What is the anaesthetic management?(Dec 2008). [IJA 2007]
CDH
1.Anaesthetic problems of repair of CDH in a neonate(Dec 2004)[Pg 111 RACE
2006,Pg 941 –Morgan 4th ed]
6.A 2 day old child with CDH is scheduled for primary repair.Outline the pre-
operative evaluation,preparation and anaesthetic considerations of this
case(June 2010)
TEMPERATURE REGULATION
1.Discuss the regulation of body temperature.How will you prevent hypother-
mia in a neonate posted for major abdominal surgery(June 2002)
INGUINAL HERNIA
1.10 months old baby for hernia repair-anaestehtic and postoperative pain
management discuss(June 2005).
FLUID MANAGEMENT
1.Perioperative fluid requirement for a paediatric patient undergoing elective
surgery(Dec 1995).
GENERAL
1.Anaesthetic implications of neonatal anaesthesia(June 2005).
2.A child with TOF is posted for corrective surgery.Discuss the preoperative
evaluation and anaesthetic management of this case(June 2002).
4.How will you evaluate a three year old child with systolic murmur scheduled
for surgery?Briefly discuss the anaesthetic implications?(Dec 2012).
PDA
1.Classify CHD.Explain with diagrams the blood flow before and after delivery
in PDA(June 2005)[Pg 44-Stoelting]
2.Write anaesthetic management of a 3 year old child scheduled for PDA liga-
tion(June 2008).[Pg 795-OHA][Pg 47-Stoelting]
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86)Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care.
1.Assessment of pain in children(June 2001).s briefly
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87)Fetal Anaesthesia.
1.Draw a neat labeled diagram of fetal circulation and delineate the difference
from adult(June 1996)(Dec 2004).[Pg 733-Stoelting physio/pharma]
3.Draw a labeled diagram to illustrate the fetal circulation.What are the circula-
tory changes that occur at birth?(Dec 2008).[Pg 884-Morgan]
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SECTION VII-POSTOPERATIVE CARE
88)PACU.
POSTOP SHIVERING
1.Post-op shivering(June 2004).
1.APACHE score(1996-2000).
-what are the factors leading to arterial hypoxemia in the PACU?Discuss the dif-
ferential diagnosis(Dec 2012)
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89)PONV.
1.Post anaesthetic vomiting(Dec 1996).
4.Enumerate the risk factors for PONV.Discuss measures to prevent and its
management(June 2009).[Pg 1005-Morgan 4th ed]
5.Describe the risk factors and predictors of PONV.Describe its management in
the pre-operative period(Dec 2010).
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90)Acute Postoperative Pain.
PRE EMPTIVE ANALGESIA
1.Discuss the various methods of providing postoperative pain relief.What do
you understand from the term pre-emptive analgesia(Dec 1995).
1.Commonly used techniques and drugs for postoperative pain relief(Dec 1994)
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91)Postoperative IV Fluid Therapy.
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92)Cognitive Dysfunction and Other Longterm Complica-
tions of Surgery and Anaesthesia.
1.Central anticholinergic syndrome in postoperative period(June 2003)
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93)Postoperative Visual Loss.
1.Enumerate causes of postoperative visual loss.Describe the pathophysiology
and its management(Dec 2010).
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SECTION VII-CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
94)Overview.
POISONING
OP POISONING
1.Clinical manifestations and management of acute OP poisoning(Dec 1995)
***********************************************************************
CO POISONING
1.Discuss the pathophysiology and management of a case of carbon monoxide
poisoning(Dec 2008).[Pg 1044 –Morgan 4th ed]
***********************************************************************
1.Write clinical features,diagnosis and management of a case of paracetamol
poisoning(June 2008).[Paul marino]
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
1.Nosocomial infections in the ICU(Dec 1994)
3.What are the common nosocomial infections in the ICU?Discuss the measures
for prevention of VAP(June 2009)
3.What are the determinants of cardiac output and discuss various non-invasive
methods of measurement of cardiac output(Dec 2006)
6.What is mixed venous oxygen saturation? And its importance in critical care
setup?How is it measured(Dec 2011).
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95)Critical Care Protocol.
I}MECHANICAL VENTILATION:-
a]WEANING
1.Weaning from prolonged ventilation(June 1995).
2.Protocol for weaning a patient from prolonged ventilator support(Dec 1995).
10.Discuss the various criteria for weaning a patient from prolonged mechani-
cal ventilation(June 2012
b]MODES
1.Pressure support ventilation(June 2004)(Dec 1995).
c]COMPLICATION
1.Volutrauma(June 1998)
2.Long term ventilation and its complication(June 1998).
5.What are the common nosocomial infections in ICU?Discuss the measures for
prevention of VAP(June 2009).
d]PEEP
1.PEEP and its application in anaesthesia(June 1999).[Pg 85-Chang}
3.Compare and contrast PEEP and CPAP(Dec 2008).[Pg 1038-Morgan 4th ed]
e]IPPV
1.Physiological changes associated with IPPV(Dec 1999).
f]ANALGESIA /SEDATION/PARALYSIS
II}BURNS
1.Discuss the management of a case of 40% burns(June 1997).[Pg 49,RACE
2011]
9.Describe the initial assessment and resuscitation in a 25 year old female with
massive burns evacuated from the site of fire(Dec 2009).
III}ARDS
1.Describe the pathogenesis and management of adult respiratory distress syn-
drome(June 1997).[Pg 477-anaesthesia and intensive care]
IV}SHOCK/SEPSIS
1.Discuss the pathophysiology,preventive and corrective measures of irreversi-
ble shock(June 1998).[Pg 1051-Morgan]
5.What are the criteria for diagnosis of SIRS?Discuss the principles of manage-
ment in a patient of septic shock admitted in an ICU(Dec 2006).
6.Enumerate the symptoms of shock and discuss the methods used for assess-
ment of systemic perfusion(June 2008).
-Briefly discuss the management of a patient with severe sepsis as per “surviv-
ing sepsis guidelines”(Dec 2012)
8.Define and classify shock.Discuss the recent guidelines for the management
of septic shock(Dec 2011).
9.How would you assess a case of septic shock due to pancreatitis?Briefly dis-
cuss its management(June 2012)
V}TRACHEOSTOMY
1.Tracheostomy -techniques and complications(Dec 2003).
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96)Respiratory Care.
1.Oxygen therapy(Dec 1997)(Dec 1999).[Pg 111-RACE 2009]
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97)Neurocritical Care.
1.Resuscitation of head injury patient(Dec 1995).
3.Monitoring and control of raised ICP in head injury(June 1997) .[Pg 50-
ISACON 2007]
9.Describe the regulation of ICP and methods available for reducing the pres-
sure under anaesthesia(June 2007).
10.What are the pathophysiological insults which exacerbate the primary brain
injury following head trauma?How can these effects be reduced?(Dec 2010).
11.What are the indications for ICP monitoring in patients with head inju-
ry?describe the ICU management strategies of a patient with severe head inju-
ry?(Dec 2012).
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98)Nutrition and Metabolic Control.
1.TPN(Dec 1996)(June 1999)[Pg 244-RACE 2002,Pg 1058-Morgan 4th ed]
7.A 50 year old man with COPD is on ventilator in ICU.Plan his enteral feeding
and discuss its advantages and disadvantages(June 2008).
9.What are the goals of nutritional support in critically ill patients?Describe the
daily requirements for proteins,lipids,carbohydrates for a patient with ad-
vanced sepsis admitted in the ICU(June 2011).
10.How will you calculate the energy requirements in an ICU patient?What are
the advantages and disadvantages of parenteral versus enteral nutrition?(Dec
2012).
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99)RRT.
1.What are the problems related to chronic hemodialysis(June 2008).
2.What are the indications for RRT?List different modes of RRT.Discuss the role
of CRRT in septic shock(Dec 2010).
4.What are the indications for renal replacement therapy ?Describe its role in
MODS(Dec 2012).
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100)CPR-BLS and ALS.
NEONATAL RESUSCITATION
1.Neonatal resuscitation in the labour room(June 1994).
5.What are the new guidelines for ventilation and external cardiac compression
for neonatal resuscitation?What are the drugs(with doses) used for neonatal re-
suscitation?(June 2011). [IJA 2010].
2.ALS(Dec 1997).
10.Airway devices recommended and used for CPR(June 2007) .[Part 7.1-CPR
2010]
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101)Brain Death.
1.Brain death(June 2000)(June 2004)(Dec 2007).
2.Describe the criteria and neurological test for brainstem death and preparing
the patient for organ donation(June 2005).
3.Various clinical and confirmatory tests for brain death(Dec 2006).
4.Write in brief the criteria for determination of brain death and clinical tests
for confirmation(Dec 2008).[Pg 567-ISACON 2009]
5.Criteria for brain death and the role of anaesthetist in organ harvesting(June
2010).
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3.Disinfection(June 2002).
6.What is scavenging in OT?What are the five basic parts of a scavenging sys-
tem?What are the hazards of a scavenging system?(Dec 2012)
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103)Electrical Safety in the OR
1.Prevention of fire and explosion hazards in OT(June 2002).
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104)Environmental Safety including Chemical Dependan-
cy.
1.Discuss the environmental hazards in the OT and discuss the measures for its
prevention(Dec 2008)(June 2011)(June
2012).[www.acssurgery.com/acs/chapters/ch08.htm]
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105)Statistical Methods in Anaesthesia.
1.What do you understand by randomization and blinding in a clinical
study?What is importance of p-value and power of study?(Dec 2010).
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CASE HISTORY
TURP+PACEMAKER
1.Discuss the pre-operative evaluation and anaestehtic management of an 80
year old patient with cardiac pacemaker for TURP(Dec 2011).
5.A 45 years old man with uncontrolled DM and HTN is admitted with upper
intestinal obstruction for emergency laparotomy.Discuss the preoperative eval-
uation,preparation and anaesthetic management of the case(June 1998).[Pg 69-
RACE 2008]
8.A patient for surgery for fracture neck of femur,one year after CABG(Dec
2005).
12.A 70 year old hypertensive man with CAD is scheduled for TURP.Discuss the
anaesthetic management(Dec 2007).
13.A 40 year old man weighing 140 Kg has DM and HTN and is scheduled for
gastric banding.Discuss the anaesthetic management(Dec 2007).