Chapter 3 Final

ANGELES CITY RENAL CARE CENTER
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A Specialized Tertiary Level Hospital for Kidney
Chapter 3. ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF DATA
A. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
3.1.1 Identification/Assessment of Needs
- Pampanga is the centre of central Luzon which will support the Renal Health care of our
locality in the 6 nearby provinces.
- Effective methods and management that will enhance the healing and curing of Renal
Diseases.
- Provide an advance research facility and information related to renal diseases.
- Impede the continuous growth of mortality cases in renal diseases which is number 2 in
the 10 leading cause of death in the region.
3.1.2. RESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

After analyzing all collected/given facts, data and information needed, the proponents
now classify the problems.
- Renal disease cases are increasing which is number 2 in the leading cause of mortality
in the region.
- Pampanga hospitals are lack of specialization when it comes in the kidney related
diseases.
- Easy accessibility to visit the medicorum with specialization in kidney rather than to go
in national kidney transplant institute in quezon city, which traffic is the main problem of
the said location.
BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

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3.1.3 Recommendation
Since the project is a health care facility, it deals more on the physical well-being
of the people. It is also concerned with their mental and emotional health so in designing
the structures, glocal design should be incorporated in the proposed project to speed up
the recovery process of the patients and can even improve the health of the other users of
the hospital.
For instance, the use of healing colours in the development will help the patients
feel at ease, relieved and less stressed because these colours can contribute to their faster
recovery and it can also affect their moods and behaviour in a good way. Landscaped
gardens and other greeneries also contribute to the better design of the building which has
good effects on the well being of the patients and other users of the hospital.
3.2. THE SITE

In 1977, the estimated built-up area of Angeles City was 1,390.12 hectares representing
22.36 percent of its total land area. In mid-2009 or 32 years after, this has doubled
reaching about 2,986.47 hectares which is equivalent to 48.03 percent of the city’s total
land area (Figure 1). This left the City with approximately 2,388 hectares of patches of
agricultural lands distributed across its territory. Note that Angeles City has an estimated
population of 170,575 and 330,059 for 1977 and 2009, respectively. If the present
population growth rate of 2.44% based on the 2000 and 2007 censuses on population
will not change, Angeles City’s population will double in 28 years or come 2035. As
such, its remaining agricultural lands may fully give way for urban expansion. Moreover,
settlement pressures on forest reserves and environmentally constrained areas will
remain strong. Historically, Angeles City is the most important urban center in Central
Luzon complemented by the neighboring city of San Fernando and the municipality of
Mabalacat. This function is expected to be further enhanced due to the interplay of
improving infrastructure stock, growing economic base, expanding population, and rising
income. Said urbanization and development trends will pull Angeles City from all
directions. These require better planning and land use management to effectively direct
and control development. This updated comprehensive land use plan was prepared to
effectively carry out and sustain the planned development of Angeles City.

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Strategic Location
Shown in Figure 2 is the inferred hierarchy of urban centers in Central Luzon illustrating
the spatial relationship of the different central places. Most major urban centers are the
provincial capital towns and cities which through the years have maintained certain
degree of primacy because they acted as the seat of political power. Others became
providers of higher level services because they have a location advantage, advanced
infrastructure facilities (road or railroad), or endowed with exploitable natural resources.
Figure 1-2. Inferred Hierarchy of Urban Centers in Central Luzon
San Jose City Baler

Muñoz City
Palayan City
Cabanatuan City
Tarlac City
Iba
Gapan City
Mabalacat
Angeles City
San Fernando City

LEGEND:
Dinalupihan
Baliuag San Jose Del Monte City
REGIONAL CENTER
N Olongapo City Malolos City

MAJOR URBAN CENTER
Not to Scale Meycauayan
Source: NEDA III RPFP (2006) Balanga City SERVICE URBAN CENTER
DTI III - CLDP (1995)
Mendoza (2007)
Mariveles

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population in Central Luzon is in the province of Pampanga. This is exactly in the
crossroads of MacArthur Highway, the Gapan-San Fernando-Olongapo Road, Subic-
Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEx) and North Luzon Expressway (NLEx). Angeles City
is strategically located in this regional urban development corridor.
These and the complementing effects of the different economic zones and
transportation infrastructure facilities in Central Luzon (Figure 3) put Angeles City on top
of the list of major urban development centers in the country.
Figure
Figure 3. 1-3. Urban
Urban Centers,
centers, Key Transportation
transport Infrastructure
infrastructures, and major
Facilities, & Major Economic
economic zones in Central Luzon Zones in Central Luzon
Baler
San Jose City
Legend:
Muñoz City
MacArthur Highway
Aurora Cagayan Valley Road (CVR)
Palayan City
Tarlac Gapan-San Fernando- Olongapo
Cabanatuan City (GSO) Road
Tarlac City
Iba
Nueva Ecija
Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway
Gapan City North Luzon Expressway (NLEX)
Mabalacat
Zambales Northrail (PNR Mainline North)
Angeles City
Diosdado Macapagal
San Fernando Bulacan International Airport (DMIA)
Pampanga City Subic Port
Baliuag
Dinalupihan Ports of Manila
Olongapo City San Jose Del Monte City
Other Major Roads
Malolos City Luisita Industrial Park (LIP)
Meycauayan City
N Bataan Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ)
Not to Scale Balanga City Subic Bay Freeport & Special
National Economic Zone (SBF-SEZ)
Source: NEDA III RPFP (2006), DTI III
- CLDP (1995) , DPWH LISR Study Capital Region Bataan Export Processing Zone (BEPZ)
(2000), Mendoza (2007) Mariveles

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3.2.1 BACKGROUND
Angeles City recorded a total population of 411,634 as of 2015. The growth rate is
estimated at 2.32%. The language used is Kapampangan, but Tagalog and English
language is also spoken and understood anywhere in the province.
The City of Angeles has a total land area of 60.27 km2 (23.27 sq mi) which is divided
into different land use like residential (34.25%), agricultural (39.43%), and then followed
by commercial, industrial, institutional facilities and parks. The city is located in the
province of Pampanga, Philippines. It is bordered by Mabalacat City to the north; Mexico
to the east; San Fernando to the southeast; Bacolor to the couth; and Porac to the
southwest and west.
3.2.2 Site Selection Criteria

The Site Criteria was provided for a purpose of the proponents for being liable at any
requirements and standard established by the Government. Site selection is important
since the users need a relaxing, safe and accessible healing environment. This is to ensure
that the selected site is suited for the project “Angeles City Renal Care Center”.
A. Rationale
A hospital should be available 24 hours a day to its service catchment is for the provision
of the entire spectrum of health care. In times of diseases and calamities, a hospital must
remain absolutely accessible and should be the last institution ever to stop operation.
Successful health care delivery is therefore linked to the location of sites of hospitals and
health facilities. Making the correct decision on the identification of sites is just the
beginning of the problem. For the site of the hospital and health facility is finally selected
based on its accessibility, physical conditions, acceptability and land development costs.

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B. Factors to be Considered in Locating a Hospital

a.) It should be within 15 – 30 minutes traveling time. In a district with good
roads and adequate means of transport, this would mean a service zone with a
radius of about 25 kilometers.
b.) It should be grouped with other institutional facilities such as religious

(church), educational (school), tribal (cultural) and commercial (market) centres.
c.) It should be free from dangers of flooding, it must therefore not be sited at the
lowest point of the district.
d.) It should be in an area of free of population of any kind, including air, water,
and land population.
e.) It must be serviced by public utilities; water sewage and storm-water disposal,
electricity, gas and telephone. In areas where such utilities are not available,
substitute must be found, such as a deep well for water, generators for electricity
and radio communication for telephone.
C. System and Procedures
C.1. Inventory and profile of alternative site

Site selection starts with an inventory of available lands. The technical details
of the available sites are obtained through ocular and geodetic survey
C.2. Evaluation of the location and quality of site

A number of alternative sites should be assessed based on accessibility,
physical condition, and acceptability, and development costs.
C.2.1. Accessibility
The nearer the site to highly populated areas, the more desirable it is. Land
uses such as residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional are provided
with improved services and are therefore better linked with the hospital, the cost
of infrastructure is likely to go higher and may unlikely get political support when
the site is far from densely populated zones
C.2.2. Physical Conditions

a. Size The site must large enough to meet all the planned physical
requirement s including any expansion envisioned for the hospital within the next
ten years.

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b. Topography
A flat and gently rolling terrain are the easiest and least expensive to build on.
A slope one, though difficult and expensive to develop, can offer interesting site
layouts.
c. Soil
Soil characteristics determine building foundation schemes. Ideally, the subsoil
should be such that conventional economical structural design and foundation
plans can be used
d. Available Utilities
Electrical, water and communication lines should be available. If not,
generator, deep wells, water pump, and radio communication lines must be
provided.
e. Natural Features
Natural lakes and ponds and lush vegetation are considered as advantage in
building design. Fruit-bearing and flowering trees and century-old trees like
acacia, should be retained at all costs and the site must be planned according to
their location
C.2.3. Acceptability
A hospital and health facility site should be established in the overall context
of the zoning classification restrictions of the locality, in city and municipal
ordinances which either refine or elaborate existing planning and building laws,
rules and regulations to realize the overall physical plan of the community. Other
aspects which affect the acceptability of the site include peace and order situation,
distance to high voltage transmission lines, cemeteries, slaughterhouses and waste
disposal grounds.
C.2.4. Land Development Costs
Site quality in terms of its development costs, has a major impact on site
selection. For example, land may be susceptible to flooding, subsidence, land
slippage or may be located in soil rock. Such land is cheap to purchase but
expensive to develop.
C.2.4. Land Development Costs

Site quality in terms of its development costs, has a major impact on site
selection. For example, land may be susceptible to flooding, subsidence, land
slippage or may be located in soil rock. Such land is cheap to purchase but
expensive to develop.

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3.2.3 Site Selection and Justification
From the entire Province of Pampanga, the proponents has chosen specific sites that are
suitable based on the criteria given, and an ideal locations that are highly recommended.
The chosen site is located at Brgy Cutcut Angeles City. It is highly suitable and
recommended for development usage.
The selected sites are the following:
SITE 1
ANGELES CITY
SITE 2
MABALACAT CITY
SITE 3
SAN FERNANDO

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CRITERIA SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3
Climate 4 4 4
Soil 4 4 3
Water Supply and Quality 4 4 4
Economy 4 4 4
REGIONAL
Transportation 3 4 4
Energy 4 4 4
Landscape Character 5 4 4
Cultural Opportunities 4 3 3
Employment Oportunities 4 3 3
Health Care Facilities 4 4 5
Major Detractions 4 3 5
Exceptional Features 5 5 2
Travel 4 4 3
Travel Experience 4 3 3
Community Ambience 5 3 4
School 4 4 4
Shopping 4 4 5
COMMUNITY
Churches 4 4 4
Cultural Opportunities 4 4 4
Public Services 4 4 4
Safely and Security 4 4 4
Medical Facilities 5 4 4
Governance 4 4 4
Taxes 4 4 3
Major Detractions 5 5 4
Landscape Character 5 4 4
Lifestyle 3 5 5
NEIGHBORHOOD
Compatibility or Proposed Users 5 3 4

Traffic Ways 5 3 4
Conveniences 5 4 4
Parks,Recreation,Open Spaces 4 5 3
Exposure 5 3 3
Freedom from noise 5 3 3
Utilities 5 4 2
Major Detraction 4 3 3

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Size and Shape 5 3 5

Aspect From Approaches 4 3 3
Safe Entrance egress 5 4 4
On-Site Feels 5 4 5
Permanent Trees and Cover 3 5 3
PROPERTY Need for Clearing 5 4 3
Ground forms and Gradient 5 3 4
Soils 4 4 4
Relative Cost of Earthwork and Foundation 4 4 3
Site Drainage 5 3 3
Adjacent Structures 3 4 4
Neghborhood 4 5 3
Relationship to Circulation patterns 5 3 4
Relative cost of Land Development 4 5 5
Major Detraction 4 2 4
Topographic”fit”of programmed user 5 3 4
Gradient of Approaches 5 4 2
BUILDING SITE
Safe distance at entrance drive 5 5 3

Orientation to Sun,Wind,and Breeze 5 4 3
Views 5 3 4
Privacy 5 4 5
Freedom From noise and Glare 5 3 4
Visual impact of neighboring users 4 3 5
Visual impact upon neighboring users 4 4 3
Proximity utilities leads 4 4 5
Rating Guide:
1- Poor
2 - Satisfactory/Fair
3 - Preferable/Desirable
4 - Very preferable/desirable
5 - Highly preferable/desirable

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3.2.4 Site Analysis
Macro Site Analysis

The following data analysis and maps of the site location in a larger and will serve view
as significant elements affecting the development of the selected site. The primary data
gathering components will covers Angeles City in which the site is situated.
Related macro components such a neighboring catchments and projected users are also
considered in the part of the study.

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ORIENTATION IN RELATION TO SOLAR PATHS AND WIND PATHS
NORTH-EAST MONSOON
“HANGING AMIHAN”
NOVERMBER - APRIL
SOUTH-WEST MOONSOON
“HANGING HABAGAT”
(MAY – OCTOBER)

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Geographical Location
Angeles City is located in the Province of Pampanga, Central Luzon Region, Philippines.
It is bounded byMabalacat City in the north, Mexico in the east, City of San Fernando in
the southeast, and Porac in the southwest. Figure 7-1 belowshows the immediate
environs of Angeles City with respect to the province of Pampanga, Central Luzon, and
the Philippines.
Figure 7-1 Vicinity Map of Angeles City
Angeles City is approximately 83 kilometers north of Manila from the Rizal Monument in
Luneta Park to the old City Hall in the city poblacion. It can be accessed through the
MacArthur Highway, the newly rehabilitated North Luzon Expressway (NLEx), and the
newly constructed Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEx).

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3.2.5. SWOT Analysis

STRENGTH
Clark International Airport that is an international gateway to the Philippines. The airport
is located in angeles city, province of Pampanga and is accessible through the Subic–
Clark–Tarlac Expressway which is connected to the North Luzon Expressway. Therefore
patients coming from different provinces can easy head to the proposed project.
- Well-drained part of the Central Luzon plains known as the "Upper Pampanga".
- Located Near Business Central Part of Clark Freeport Zones.
- Flood, erosion and landslide free prone area
- Good scenery of the surrounding, surrounded by green environment.
WEAKNESSES
- Rarely passthrough of public utility jeep in front of site.
OPPURTUNITY
-
New Job and Business Opportunity
-
An Area that can be emulated by other city for being a model of a healthy envi-
ronment.
-
Medical services
-
Competition weaknesses in kidney specialization
-
positive impact to adjacent business establishments
THREATS
-
Increase competition
-
New Technology
-
Natural Calamities (High Earthquake magnitude)

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3.2.6. Baseline Studies
Angeles City is approximately 83 kilometers north of Manila from the Rizal Monument
in Luneta Park to the old City Hall in the city poblacion. It can be accessed through the
MacArthur Highway, the newly rehabilitated North Luzon Expressway (NLEx), and the
newly constructed Subic-Clark Tarlac Expressway (SCTEx).
Topography
Angeles City is predominantly flat with some hilly portions near its boundary with Porac
and Mabalacat in the west side. Shown in Figure 7-2 is a contour map of Angeles City
with a generalized contour 10-meter interval, and a slope section along the east and west
alignment. This slope section cuts across the foothill of the mountains of Porac and
Mabalacat inSapangbato, passes through Friendship and Abacan Bridges all the way to
Pandan Bridge, and finally terminates in the eastern
Figure 7-2Map of Angeles City with contour lines, and a west to eastslope section

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The highest elevation of Angeles City is about 440 meters above sea level located at
Sapangbato. However, the slope section shown above did not hit this contour. It started at
340 meters above sea level, peaked at 380 meters, and slowly descended as it moved
going to the eastern border. As it moved towards the east, the elevation descended to 120
meters along Friendship Bridge, went down farther to 90 meters in the Abacan Bridge
area, fell to about 70 meters near the approach of Pandan Bridge, before it finally leveled
at 60 meters below sea level along its boundary with Mexico. This shows a very defined
west to east slope or elevation gradient that generally
followsthe drainageflow ofAbacan River.
Climate
Angeles City has a Type I climate based on the Modified Corona System of Climate
Classification (Figure 7-3). This type has two (2) pronounced seasons, rainy season from
May to November. In 2016, the maximum rain period is from May to October with the
heaviest rainfall registering in the month of August at 514.30 mm. The dry season starts
on December to April with March registering the least rainfall at 0.50 mm. The average
hottest temperature was 29.90C registered in the month of April and May.
The principal wind regimes affecting the area are the northeast wind flow from January
and February, and the southwest wind flow from June to September. The annual
prevailing wind in the area is southwesterly. In 2016, there is no direct hit of typhoon for
Angeles City. But the city was affected by three (3) tropical cyclones which were
Typhoons Karen and Lain in October and Tropical Storm Nina in December.
Transportation
Angeles City, due to its strategic location has a relatively significant resident population
and predominantly service economy. There is a continuous movement of people and
goods from one location to another. Hence, it attracts a very large amount of inter and
intra city traffic. Consequently, the city continues to deal with its substantial demand for
transportation.
Utilities
Utilities include water supply, power and telecommunication systems which are essential
for the continued improvement in the quality of life and growth of the city
Water Supply
Angeles City Water District (ACWD) serves 30 barangays in the city except
BarangaysAmsic, Balibago and part of Malabanias. These barangays are served by
private waterworks systems as well as the other subdivisions in the city.

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Power
Angeles Electric Corporation (AEC), a private company is the sole provider of power
supply of the city. It serves the 33 barangays in Angeles City and has a total of 16,852
electric posts as of 2015. The source of power supply and its generating capacity are as
follows:
72 megawatts purchased from the National Power Corporation (NPC)
22 megawatts generated by the Angeles Power Incorporated (API)
6 megawatts generated by its power plant in PulungMaragul
The locations of its metering sub-stations are: Calibu Sub-stationin Calibutbut, Bacolor,
Pampanga; Milenyo Sub-station in Clark Freeport Zone; Petersville Sub-station,
PulungMaragul, Angeles City; and Pampang Sub-station in Arayat Blvd., Pampang,
Angeles City.
Local Drainage and Water Bodies
As previously discussed, the general slope direction of Angeles City follows the west to
east orientation. The city’s main drainage outlet is the Abacan River (the other rivers and
water channels found in Angeles City are shown in Figure 7-6). The interaction of slope,
sandy soil, and presence of numerous creeks and a relatively large river, make Angeles
City well drained and flood-free. However, due to existing land uses and human
activities, localized flooding is being experienced in some parts of the city during the
rainy season.
Being highly urbanized, most of its lands in the built-up areas are already paved. Paved
surfaces cannot absorb rain water and therefore deter infiltration into the soil no matter
how sandy it is. Storm drainage canals constructed several years back now easily
overflow because they have
already reached their peak flood capacity. These inherent weaknesses are amplified by
other factors which include but not limited to: i) encroachment of road right-of-way
(illegal and formal settlers), ii) siltation of water channels, iii) indiscriminate disposal of
garbage, and to certain extent,iv) unplannedand unregulated property development.

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Figure 7-3Modified Corona System of

Source: PAGASA, Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Climate Classification
Mitigation Project (Phase III) EIA Report

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Figure 7-4Frequency of Tropical Cyclone

Source: PAGASA, Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Occurrence in the Philippines
Mitigation Project (Phase III) EIA Report

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Soil Type
Angeles City has two distinct soil types: Angeles Coarse Sand and Angeles Fine Sand.
These soils are well drained and friable which make them suitable both for settlements
development and agriculture. Sandy soils being porous have high water absorption capacity
and easily drains after a heavy downpour. The estimated compositionof fine sand, silt and
clay for the different soil types of Angeles City is found in Table 7-1.
Table 7-1 The Predominant Soil Types in Angeles City,
and theirPercentage (%) composition of Sand, Silt and Clay
Percentage (%) Composition

No. Soil Type
Sand Slit Clay
71 Angeles Coarse Sand 94.5 2 3.5
73 Angeles Fine Sand 79.5 14 5.5
In addition to organic matter or humus, a soil consists of three particles: clay, silt, and sand.
Clay particles have an estimated size at the maximum of 0.002 millimeters across. The size
of silt ranged from 0.002 – 0.05 millimeters. Sand, on the other hand, has a width ranging
from 0.05 - 2.00 millimeter. Angeles Coarse Sand is made up of 94.5% sand, 2% silt, and
3.5% clay. On the other hand, Angeles Fine Sand is composed of 79.5% sand, 14% silt,
and 5.5% clay.
These textural descriptions of the top soils found in Angeles City indicate that the area
drains well internally. Yet the city experiences localized flooding during rainy season and
this is caused by the new land cover –concrete pavement. As lands are being covered by
concrete, rainwater can no longer percolate into the sandy soil but goes to the storm
drainage canals, which unfortunately have limited capacities. Some recommendations and
doable solutions to this concern are found in the environmental management chapter of this
document. In brief though, the city must implement water-sensitive urban development
designs that will not hamper the penetration of rainwater into the soil, such as the use of
permeable paving blocks, construction of infiltration ponds and canals, among others.

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Local Drainage and Water Bodies

As previously discussed, the general slope direction of Angeles City follows the west to
east orientation. The city’s main drainage outlet is the Abacan River (the other rivers and
water channels found in Angeles City are shown in Figure 7-6). The interaction of slope,
sandy soil, and presence of numerous creeks and a relatively large river, make Angeles
City well drained and flood-free. However, due to existing land uses and human
activities, localized flooding is being experienced in some parts of the city during the
rainy season.
Being highly urbanized, most of its lands in the built-up areas are already paved. Paved
surfaces cannot absorb rain water and therefore deter infiltration into the soil no matter
how sandy it is. Storm drainage canals constructed several years back now easily
overflow because they have already reached their peak flood capacity. These inherent
weaknesses are amplified by other factors which include but not limited to: i)
encroachment of road right-of-way (illegal and formal settlers), ii) siltation of water
channels, iii) indiscriminate disposal of garbage, and to certain extent,iv) unplannedand
unregulated property development.
Figure 7-5Rivers and creeks in Angeles City

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Land Use
In 1977, the estimated built-up area of Angeles City was 1,390.12 hectares representing
22.36 percent of its total land area. In mid-2009 or 32 years after, this has doubled
reaching about 2,986.47 hectares which is equivalent to 48.03 percent of thecity’s total
land area (Figure 7-6). This left the city with approximately 2,388 hectares of patches of
agricultural lands distributed across its territory. Note that Angeles City has an estimated
population of 170,575 and 330,059 in 1977 and 2009, respectively. If the present
population growth rate of 2.14% based on the 2000 and 2010 censuses on population will
not change, Angeles City’s population will double in 32 years or come 2042. As such, its
remaining agricultural lands may fully give way for urban expansion. However,the city is
determined to resist settlement pressures on forest reserves and environmentally
constrained areas.
Historically, Angeles City is the most important urban center in Central Luzon
complemented by the neighboring City of San Fernando and the Mabalacat City. This
function is expected to be further enhanced due to the interplay of improving
infrastructure stock, growing economic base, expanding population, and rising income.
Said urbanization and development trends will pull Angeles City from all directions.
These require better planning and land use management to effectively direct and control
development. It is for this purpose that the city formulated its comprehensive land use
plan for 2010-2020.
Water Supply and Distribution System
Measures to utilize surface water as a source of potable water for the city should start this
early since the city’s groundwater supply is already in the critical stage per NWRB/JICA
study. The feasibility of tapping Abacan river should be looked into.
Drainage System and Flood Control Facilities
Measures to address localized and flash flooding during short duration and high intensity
rainfall events should be implemented by the city in coordination with the other agencies
of the government. A city-wide drainage master plan and program shall be prepared, to
be followed immediately by the construction of drainage systems

Figure 4-4 SAFDZ Map of Angles City
MAPS
LEGEND: Angeles City, Pampanga
Strategic crop sub-development zone SAFDZ AREA (Ha)

Watershed/Forestry zone Strategic Crop Development Zone 1,093.27
Built-up areas
Lahar/River wash
Military reservation
Source: Department of Agriculture Official Website. http://onlinemaps.da.gov.ph/website/SAFDZ/Pampanga/AngelesCity/viewer.htm.

Accessed on 14 November 2009.

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Figure 4-10. Seismo-tectonic map
Source: In DPWH-JICA study, 2002

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Figure 4-11. Derived development constraints map of Angeles City

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3.2.7 FACTORS and ISSUES RELEVANT TO THE SITE
SITE STATUS
Initial Personal Reconnaissance
Site’s apparent character
Problem and possibilities
Collation of Existing Data
Contour maps, aerial photos, geological soil and water surveys, climate
records, ecological studies, engineering reports, boring tests, census
materials, histories, social studies, market reports, traffic studies, legal
and public control documents, official proposals, records and current
controversies
Summary Description of the Off-Site Context and its Changes
Geographic location, surrounding populations, social and political
structure, general economy, ecological and hydrographic system, land
use patterns, access system, principal off-site destinations and facilities
Data of the Site and its Immediate Context
A. Physical Data
1. Geology and soil
2. Water
3. Topography
4. Climate
5. Ecology
6. Man-made structures
7. Sensuous qualities
B. Cultural Data
1. Resident and using population
2. On-site and adjacent behavior setting
3. Site values, rights and restraints

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3.3 BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS
3.3.1 ACTIVITY FLOW DIAGRAMS
National Kidney and Transplant Institute

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3.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL – BEHAVIOR STUDIES
To be successful, it will take patience and understanding knowing the patients

behavior that drives their decision process. A day to day routine or conditioning will
help them recover.
Main Concern
• Rooms
• Ceiling height – unreachable ceiling
• Window designs – more on casement designed uniquely
• Toilet designs – we think toilet are the most private area, well this time it
is designed half private and a half for the nurse to observe the patients.
• Colors – colors have effect on minds, we can use any color except vibrant
colors that represents hazard or that can boost them to be more aggressive.
3.3.3 INTERRELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS
1. Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness
An efficient hospital layout should:

• Promote staff efficiency by minimizing distance of necessary travel between
frequently used spaces.
• Allow easy visual supervision of patients by limited staff.

• Include all needed spaces, but no redundant ones. This requires careful
predesign programming.
• Make efficient use of space by locating support spaces so that they may be
shared by adjacent functional areas, and by making prudent use of multi-
purpose spaces Group or combine functional areas with similar system
requirements
2.Flexibility and Expandability

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Since medical needs and modes of treatment will continue to change,

hospitals should:
• Follow modular concepts of space planning and layout
• Use generic room sizes and plans as much as possible, rather than highly
specific ones
• Be served by modular, easily accessed, and easily modified mechanical and

electrical systems
• Be open-ended, with well planned directions for future expansion; for instance
positioning "soft spaces" such as administrative departments, adjacent to "hard
spaces" such as clinical laboratories.
3.Therapeutic Environment
Hospital patients are often fearful and confused and these feelings may
impede recovery. Every effort should be made to make the hospital stay as
unthreatening, comfortable, and stress-free as possible.
Some important aspects of creating a therapeutic design are:
• Using familiar and culturally relevant materials wherever consistent with

sanitation and other functional needs
• Using cheerful and varied colors and textures, keeping in mind that some colors
are inappropriate and can interfere with provider assessments of patients' pallor
and skin tones, disorient older or impaired patients, or agitate patients and staff,
particularly some psychiatric patients.
• Admitting ample natural light wherever feasible and using color-corrected

lighting in interior spaces which closely approximates natural daylight.
• Providing views of the outdoors from every patient bed, and elsewhere
wherever possible; photo murals of nature scenes are helpful where outdoor
views are not available

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• Designing a "way-finding" process into every project. Patients, visitors, and

staff all need to know where they are, what their destination is, and how to get
there and return. A patient's sense of competence is encouraged by making
spaces easy to find, identify, and use without asking for help. Building elements,
color, texture, and pattern should all give cues, as well as artwork and signage
2. Cleanliness and Sanitation

Hospitals must be easy to clean and maintain. This is facilitated by:
• Appropriate, durable finishes for each functional space
• Adequate and appropriately located housekeeping spaces
3. Accessibility
All areas, both inside and out, should comply with:
• The minimum requirements of The National Building Code of the Philippines
(PD 1096) and its existing Rules and Regulations.
•
The Revised Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514) and its existing Rules
and Regulations.
• The BP344 Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) amendments

minimum requirements for accessibility.
4. Controlled Circulation
A hospital is a complex system of interrelated functions requiring constant
movement of people and goods. Much of this circulation should be controlled.
• Outpatients visiting diagnostic and treatment areas should not travel through
inpatient functional areas nor encounter severely ill inpatients
• Typical outpatient routes should be simple and clearly defined

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• Visitors should have a simple and direct route to each patient nursing unit
without penetrating other functional areas
• Separate patients and visitors from industrial/logistical areas or floors

• Outflow of trash, recyclables, and soiled materials should be separated from
movement of food and clean supplies, and both should be separated from routes
of patients and visitors
• Transfer of cadavers to and from the morgue should be out of the sight of
patients and visitors
• Dedicated service elevators for deliveries, food and building maintenance

services
5. Aesthetics
Aesthetics is closely related to creating a therapeutic. It is important in
enhancing the hospital's public image and is thus an important marketing tool. A
better environment also contributes to better staff morale and patient care.
Aesthetic considerations include:
• Increased use of natural light, natural materials, and textures
• The Revised Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514) and its existing Rules
and Regulations.
• The BP344 Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) amendments

minimum requirements for accessibility.
6. Controlled Circulation
A hospital is a complex system of interrelated functions requiring constant
movement of people and goods. Much of this circulation should be controlled.
• Outpatients visiting diagnostic and treatment areas should not travel through
inpatient functional areas nor encounter severely ill inpatients
• Typical outpatient routes should be simple and clearly defined

153
• Visitors should have a simple and direct route to each patient nursing unit
without penetrating other functional areas
• Separate patients and visitors from industrial/logistical areas or floors

• Outflow of trash, recyclables, and soiled materials should be separated from
movement of food and clean supplies, and both should be separated from routes
of patients and visitors
• Transfer of cadavers to and from the morgue should be out of the sight of
patients and visitors
• Dedicated service elevators for deliveries, food and building maintenance

services
7. Aesthetics
Aesthetics is closely related to creating a therapeutic. It is important in
enhancing the hospital's public image and is thus an important marketing tool. A
better environment also contributes to better staff morale and patient care.
Aesthetic considerations include:
• Increased use of natural light, natural materials, and textures
• Use of artwork
• Attention to proportions, color, scale, and detail
• Bright, open, generously-scaled public spaces
• Homelike and intimate scale in patient rooms, day rooms, consultation rooms,
and offices
• Compatibility of exterior design with its physical surroundings
8. Security and Safety

In addition to the general safety concerns of all buildings, hospitals have
several particular security concerns:
• Protection of hospital property and assets, including drugs
• Protection of patients, including incapacitated patients, and staff
• Safe control of violent or unstable patients

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The proposed project is project composed of the following major spaces/zones based on
the provisions of Department of Health in Planning and Designing Hospital and
Other Health Facilities:
Outer Zone – areas that are immediately accessible to the public: emergency
service, outpatient service, and administrative service. They shall be located
near the entrance of the hospital.
Second Zone – areas that receive workload from the outer zone:
laboratory,pharmacy, and radiology. They shall be located near the outer
zone.
Inner Zone – areas that provide nursing care and management of patients:
nursing service. They shall be located in private areas but accessible to
guests.
Deep Zone – areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed services:
surgical service, delivery service, nursery, and intensive care. They shall be
segregated from the public areas but accessible to the outer, second and
inner zones.
Service Zone – areas that provide support to hospital activities: dietary

service, housekeeping service, maintenance and motorpool service, and
mortuary. They shall be located in areas away from normal traffic.

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GENERAL BUILDING DIAGRAM
LEGENDS:
Accessible
Limited Accessibility
The following information stated below is based on studies made by the

proponents regarding with hospital operations and guidelines.
The basic form of hospital is, ideally, based on its functions:
• Bed-related inpatient functions

• Outpatient-related functions
• Diagnostic and treatment functions
• Administrative functions

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• Service functions (food, supply)

• Research and teaching functions
Physical relationships between these functions determine the

configuration of the hospital. Certain relationships between the various functions
are required –as in the following flow diagram.
GENERAL HOSPITAL RELATIONSHIPS

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MAJOR CLINICAL RELATIONSHIPS
These flow diagrams above show the movement and communication of people,
materials, and waste. Thus the physical configuration of a hospital and its transportation
and logistic systems are inextricably interwined.

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ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Level 3 Hospital
200,300,400 and 500 Bed Capacity
Basic Organizational Structure

159
Medical Service

160
Nursing Service

161
Hospital Operations and Patient Support Service

162
Finance Service

163
3.4 VIABILITY STUDIES
3.4.1 Technical Viability & Environmental Impact Assessment
Pile Foundation
The primary Technology will use in the building construction is the Pile Foundation
Construction System.

164
Solar Panel
-5kW Solar Panel Grid Tied System
Price: P435,000 + Install
You will save: About P8,000/month off your bill
Category: Complete Solar Systems
-Product Description
Recommended for homes with P15,000 to
35,000+ monthly electric bills- OR if you
have several refrigerators, freezers, pool
pumps, water pumps, and run 2hp or
more aircon in the DAYTIME. If nobody
is home during the day but you have
many fridges, this is for you, too! This
can run 2 refrigerators and 4hp of aircon
plus some lights and a fan during hot
summer days. For free! This is a 20 panel
build with a wifi logging system so you
can monitor how much you’re harvesting when the sun is shining.
5 Kw Build (20
panels )
Best if you have a Meralco monthly bill which ranges P15,000 – P35,000+
from:
Price installed (normal roof, up to 5m of wiring) PHP 463,000.00
Years to ROI 4.8 years
Average monthly Meralco savings PHP 8,000
Total life production of power first ten years PHP 768,000.00
Total life production of power twenty years PHP 1,920,000.00
Total production at end of 25 year product life PHP 2,400,000.00

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- For your reference, a “normal” house roof, like a GI sheet roof, and no
shading above the roof like trees, power lines, next door building, etc.
with an accessible 30 amp home run to circuit breaker with earth
ground already, it will cost at least P28,000.
- Not all houses are the same. If you need extra-long cable runs from
inverter to panel board, a tiled roof which needs a lot more TLC, or
some extra ordinary wiring work or roofing structural support work,
we have to inspect and give you a customized quote. Pricing above
does not include any permitting fees, if required. Pricing above is
VAT-Exclusive.
- What can a 5 kW system power?

This can run 2 big refrigerators and 4hp of aircon plus some lights
and a fan during hot summer days You will harvest an average of
22.5kWh of usable daytime power.
- Pricing Includes:
- 1 -Premium Grade 5 kW string grid-tied inverter with wi-fi and DC
disconnect, online monitoring available
- 20 – Solaric 250W Monocrystalline solar panels

- Installation on GI Sheet roof, easy access, and design of solar panel
array layout AC Disconnect, PV cabling, outdoor rated fusebox, MC4
connectors, and mounting system for aluminum roof
Assistance in filling out Meralco Net-Metering application forms if you

will be applying
• Setting up your system so you can check your harvest anywhere you
have internet.
(You must have wifi in your house within range of your
inverter to do this) - Installation Cost & Add ons:
• If your roof needs scaffolding or has a very steep pitch, or is a
“complicated roof”, a survey needs to be done to give an estimate for
installation.

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Service disconnect main breaker if Meralco requires it for net metering

applications, is not included in this quote.
- Payment Terms & Delivery:
• 50% downpayment and 50% upon delivery. We usually have this in stock
• We need to wait for check clearing prior to delivery.
• Installation takes a minimum of 2 days.
- Warranties:
• Grid-tie inverter has a standard 5 year manufacturer’s warranty,
extendable to 10 to 25 years. We can lend you a loaner inverter while
waiting for manufacturer to repair or replace your unit if necessary
Panels have a manufacturer’s warranty of 5 years and 25 year power
output guarantee. Estimated de-rating of power is 10% on the
10th year and 20% on the 20th year. We can lend you a loaner
panel if available while you wait for replacement.
• Mounting and panels are rated for 200KPH winds
Triple Glazed Windows
Triple glazed
windows are made from three
panes of glass that are separated
by a layer of air or gas and then
sealed. They are designed to
provide a better barrier against
outside temperatures than single
paned windows because the three
layers of glass and the buffer
layer act as insulators. The glass used features a specially-coated surface that re-radiates
heat in cold months and prevents heat from entering during hot weather. Originally
created for extreme climates, triple glazing is now widely used in nearly all locations,
both for new construction and as replacement windows.

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE

No.Of Total Floor Parameter Total Development
Floors Area(Sqm) Cost Cost
MAIN BUILDING 5 17,200 25,000 430,000,000
CANTEEN 1 400 10,000 4,000,000
UTILITY BUILDING 1 330 10,000 3,300,000
TOTAL ESTIMATED BUILDING COST 437,300,000Php
Note: This computation is just a preliminary estimate of the proponents
SITE DEVELOPMENT COST

Computation for site development was based on “Guidelines for Site Development Cost”
by WILLIAM PENA.
a. SITE PREPARATION
Estimate 1% to 3% of building cost
Estimated Building cost x 3% 430,000,000 x (0.03)
Total Site Preparation Cost 12,900,000Php
b. SIDEWALKS AND TERRACES

Estimate 1% to 7% of building cost
Estimated Building cost x 1% to 7% 430,000,000 x (0.04)
Total Sidewalk and Parking Cost 17,200,000Php
c. WALLS AND SCREENS

Estimated .5% to 2.5% of building cost
Estimated Building cost x 5% to 2.5% 430,000,000 x (0.015)
Total Walls and Screens Cost 6,450,000Php

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d. ON-SITE UTILITIES
Estimated 1% to 3% of building cost
Estimated 1% to 3% of building cost 430,000,000 x (0.03)
Total On-Site Utilities Cost 12,900,000Php
e. OFF-SITE UTILITIES
Total Off-Site Utilities Cost 17,200,000Php
f. STORM DRAINAGE
Estimated .5% to 2.5% of building cost
Estimated .5% to 2.5% of building cost 430,000,000 x (0.015)
Total Storm Drainage Cost 6,450,000Php
g. LANDSCAPING
Total Landscaping Cost 6,450,000Php
h. OUTOOR LIGHTING LIGHTING

Estimated pedestrian lighting 1% of building cost; parking lighting lump sum per car
Estimated pedestrian lighting 1% of 430,000,000 x (0.01)
building cost; parking lighting lump sum
per car
Total Outdoor Lighting Cost 4,300,000php
i. BREAKWATER
Estimated 10% of building cost
Estimated 10% of building cost 430,000,000 x (0.015)
Total Breakwater Cost 6,450,000Php

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DEVELOPMENT COST
SITE PREPARATION 12,900,000 Php
SIDEWALKS AND TERRACES 17,200,000 Php
WALLS AND SCREENS 6,450,000 Php
ON-SITE UTILITIES 12,900,000 Php
OFF-SITE UTILITIES 17,200,000 Php
STORM DRAINAGE 6,450,000 Php
LANDSCAPING 6,450,000 Php
OUTDOOR LIGHTING 4,300,000 Php
BREAKWATER 6,450,000 Php
TOTAL SITE DEVELOPMENT COST 90,300,000 Php
FURNISHING AND EQUIPMENT

This estimate consists of furniture and equipments will use in the project especially in the
laboratories. This is being estimate at approximately 100% of the total building
construction cost.
FURNISHING AND EQUIPMENT

Estimated Building Cost x 100% 430,000,000 x 100%
Total Furnishing and Equipment Cost 430,000,000
MAN POWER CONSTRUCTION

Estimated Building Cost x 30% 430,000,000 x .30
Total Man Power Contruction Cost 129,000,000
TOTAL ESTIMATED PROJECT CONSTRUCTION COST

ESTIMATED BUILDING COST 437,300,000 Php
ESTIMATED SITE DEVELOPMENT COST 90,300,000 Php
Total Man Power Contruction Cost 129,000,000 Php
ESTIMATED FURNISHING AND EQUIPMENT COST 437,300,000 Php
TOTAL 1,093,900,000 Php

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3.4.2 Legal Viability
National Building Code Philippines
RULE VII – CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL

BUILDINGS BY USE OR OCCUPANCY
SECTION 701. Occupancy Classified

General USE Character of Occupancy of Building/Structure:
IV. Group D - Institutional
Division D-2
ZONING CLASSIFICATION
GI (General Institution) – a community to national level of institutional

use or occupancy. Characterized mainly as low-rise, medium-rise, high-
rise building/ structure for medical, government service, administrative
and related activities, e.g., hospitals and related health care facilities,
government offices, military, police and correctional buildings and the
like.
SECTION 704. LOCATION ON PROPERTY
1. General
a. No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct
access to a public space, yard or street on at least one of its sides.
b. For the purpose of this Section, the centerline of an adjoining

street or alley shall be considered an adjacent property line.
c. Eaves over required windows shall not be less than 750

millimeters from the side and rear property lines.
Fire Resistance of Walls
a. Exterior walls shall have fire resistance and opening protection in

accordance with the requirements set forth by the Secretary.
Projections beyond the exterior wall shall not exceed beyond a
point one-third the distance from an assumed vertical plane located
where the fire- resistive protection of openings is first required to

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the location on property whichever is the least restrictive.

Distance shall be measured at right angles from the property line.
When openings in exterior walls are required to be protected due
to distance from property line, the sum of the areas of such
openings in any storey shall not exceed 50% of the total area of the
wall in that storey.
Building Footprint and Firewall Requirements
a. The following rules shall be observed in the determination of the

Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF) for buildings and
related habitable structures. If the stated rules are compared with (1)
Rule VIII Table VIII.1.- Reference Table on Percentage of Site
Occupancy and Maximum Allowable Construction Area (MACA);
(2) Rule VIII Tables VIII.2. and VIII.3. (setbacks, yards and courts);
or (3) with the applicable stipulations under this Rule and with the
applicable stipulations of the Fire Code, the more stringent but
applicable regulation out of the aforementioned rules should be
observed;
b. If without a firewall, the footprint of a proposed building/structure

shall be measured horizontally from the property line to the
outermost faces of the exterior walls of the building/structure;
Provided, that the distance measured from the property line shall
conform with the applicable stipulations of this Rule and Rule VIII;
The resultant area established at grade level upon which the
proposed building/structure may stand shall be the AMBF;
SECTION 705. ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREAS
a. General. The Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) of any
proposed building/structure shall only be as allowed under this Rule.
Institutional Without BHL BHL BHL BHL BHL BHL

GROUP D Sprinkler x x x x x x
System & 50% of 50% of 60% of 60% of 60% of 60% of
Firewalls TLA TLA TLA TLA TLA TLA

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SECTION 706. ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREA INCREASES
The floor areas hereinabove provided may be increased in certain specific

instances and under appropriate conditions, based on the existence of
public space, streets or yards extending along and adjoining two or more
sides of the building or structure subject to the approval of the Building
Official.
SECTION 707. MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS
4. Institutional - 15.00 meters (or must follow the duly-approveBHL in the

major zone it
is part of)
Minimum Required Off-Street (Off-RROW) cum OnSite Parking Slot,

Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements by Allowed
Use or Occupancy
Division D-2 Public Hospital One (1) off-street cum

onsite car parking slot for
every twenty five (25)
beds; and one (1)

offRROW (or off-street)
passenger loading space
that can accommodate two
(2) queued
jeepney/shuttle slots
FLOOR TO LOT AREA RATIO (FLAR) DESIGNATIONS/RIGHTS
Institutional - 2.50
SECTION 801. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF LIGHT AND

VENTILATION

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1. Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines

on Easements of Light and View, and to the specific provisions of
the Code, every building shall be designed, constructed, and
equipped to provide adequate light and ventilation. (Refer to
Guidelines on Easements, View Corridors/Sight Lines and
Basements at the end of this Rule)
2. All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private

street which has been duly approved. (Refer to Guidelines on
Streets/RROW and Sidewalks at the end of this Rule)
3. No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the

size of any room or the relative area of windows to less than that
provided for buildings under this Rule, or to create an additional
room, unless such additional room conforms to the requirements of
this Rule.
SECTION 802. MEASUREMENT OF SITE OCCUPANCY
1. The measurement of site occupancy or lot occupancy shall be taken

at the ground level and shall be exclusive of courts, yards, and light
wells.
SECTION 803. PERCENTAGE OF SITE OCCUPANCY
1. The measurement of the percentage (%) of site occupancy
(or lot occupancy) shall be taken at the ground level and shall be
exclusive of courts, yards and light wells. Courts, yards, and light
wells shall be measured clear of all projections from the walls
enclosing such wells or yards with the exception of roof leaders,
wall copings, sills, or steel fire escapes not exceeding 1.20 meters
in width.
2. In case of proposed additional construction on a lot on which

another building/structure already stands, the Percentage of Site
Occupancy (PSO) arising out of such existing buildings/structures
must be included in the computation of the PSO for the Total Lot
Area (TLA). In case of discrepancy between the specified

174
Maximum Allowable PSO and the other light and ventilation

provisions under this Rule, the resulting lesser building/structure
footprint or gross floor area at the ground floor (or at grade level)
must prevail.
% of Total Lot Area (TLA)

Building/ DulyApproved Maximum Maximum Minimum TOSL d
Structure Zoning Allowable Allowable USA (ISA +
Use or PSO c,d ISAc (Unpaved USA)
Occupancy (Paved Open
(or Land Open Spaces)
Use)a Spaces)
Institutional - 50 e 20 30 50
60 f 20 20 40
ACCESSIBILITY LAW (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344)
CATEGORIES OF DISABLED PERSONS
• Mental impairments whether acquired or congenital in nature.

ANTHROPOMETRICS AND DIMENSIONAL DATA AS GUIDES FOR
DESIGN
• The provision of adequate space for wheelchair maneuvering

generally insures adequate space for disabled persons equipped with
other technical aids or accompanied by assistants. In determining
the minimum dimensions for furniture and fixtures accessible to
disabled persons, the following anthropometric data shall serve as
guides for design:

175
• The length of wheelchairs varies from 1.10 m to 1.30 m.

• The width of wheelchairs is from 0.60 m to 0.75 m.
• A circle of 1.50 m in diameter is a suitable guide in the planning of
wheelchair turning spaces.
• The comfortable reach of persons confined to wheelchairs is from

0.70 m to 1.20 m above the floor and not less than 0.40 m from room
corners. The comfortable clearance for knee and leg space under
tables for wheelchair users is 0.70 m.
• Counter height shall be placed at a level comfortable to disabled

persons' reach.
BASIC PHYSICAL PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
ACCESSIBILITY. The built environment shall be designed so that it

shall be accessible to all people. This means that no criteria shall impede
the use of facilities by either the handicapped or non-disabled citizens.
REACHABILITY. Provisions shall be adapted and introduced to the physical
environment so that as many places or buildings as possible can be reached by all.
SABILITY. The built environment shall be designed so that all persons, whether
they be disabled or not, may use and enjoy it.
ORIENTATION. Finding a person's way inside and outside of a building or
open space shall be made easy for everyone.
SAFETY. Designing for safety insures that people shall be able to move about
with less hazards to life and health.
WORKABILITY AND EFFICIENCY. The built environment shall be
designed to allow the disabled citizens to participate and contribute to
developmental goals.
CATEGORY III
Mental hospitals, mental sanitaria, mental asylums Barrier-free facilities and

features required in: A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, and M.
A. Stairs
B. Walkways
C. Corridors

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D. Doors and Entrances

E. Washrooms and Toilets
G. Ramps
H. Parking Areas
I. Switches, Controls, Buzzers
J. Handrails
K. Thresholds
L. Floor Finishes
M. Drinking Fountains
OUTSIDE AND AROUND BUILDINGS
DROPPED CURBS
1. Changes in level walkways should be by a dropped curb.

2. Dropped curbs should be provided at pedestrian crossings and at the end of
walkways of a private street or access road.
3. Dropped curbs at crossings have a width corresponding to the width of the

crossing; otherwise, the minimum width is 0.90 m.
4. Dropped curbs shall be ramped towards adjoining curbs with a gradient not
more than 1:12.
5. Dropped curbs shall be sloped towards the road with a maximum cross
gradient of 1:20 to prevent water from collecting at the walkway.
6. The lowest point of a dropped curb should not exceed 25 mm from the road
or gutter.
CURB CUT-OUTS
1. Curb cut-outs should only be allowed when it will not obstruct a walkway
or in any way lessen the width of a walkway.
2. The minimum width of a curb cut-out should be 0.90 M.

3. Curb cut-outs should have a gradient not more than 1:12.

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WALKWAYS AND PASSAGEWAYS
1. Walkways should be kept as level as possible and provided with slip-

resistant material.
2. Whenever and wherever possible, walkways should have a gradient no

more than 1:20 or 5%.
3. Walkways should have a maximum cross gradient of 1:100.

4. Walkways should have a minimum width of 1.20 meters.
5. If possible, gratings should never be located along walkways. When
occurring along walkways, grating openings should have a maximum
dimension of 13 mm x 13 mm and shall not project more than 6.5 mm
above the level of the walkway.
6. Walkways should have a continuing surface without abrupt pitches in angle

or interruptions by cracks or breaks creating edges above 6.50 mm.
7. In lengthy or busy walkways, spaces should be provided at some point

along the route so that a wheelchair may pass another or turn around. These
spaces should have a minimum dimension of 1.50 m and should be spaced
at a maximum distance of 12:00 m between stops. 8. To guide the blind,
walkways should as much as possible follow straightforward routes with
right angle turns.
8. Where planting is provided adjacent to the walkway, regular maintenance

is essential to ensure branches of trees or shrubs do not overhang walkways
or paths, as not only do these present a particular danger to the blind, but
they also reduce the effective footways width available to pedestrians
generally.
9. Walkway headroom should not be less than 2.0 m and preferably higher.
10. Passageways for the disabled should not be obstructed by street furniture,
bollards, sign posts or columns along the defined route, as they can be
hazardous.

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HANDRAILS
1. Handrails should be installed at both sides of ramps and stairs and at

the outer edges of dropped curbs. Handrails at dropped curbs should
not be installed beyond the width of any crossing so as not to obstruct
pedestrian flow.
2. Handrails shall be installed at 0.90 m and 0.70 m above steps or

ramps. Handrails for protection at great heights may be installed at
1.0 m to 1.06 m.
3. A 0.30 m long extension of the handrail should be provided at the

start and end of ramps and stairs.
4. Handrails that require full grip should have a dimension of 30 mm

to 50 mm. 5. Handrails attached to walls should have a clearance no
less than 50 mm from the wall. Handrails on ledges should have a
clearance not less than 40 mm.
OPEN SPACES
1. Where open spaces are provided, the blind can become particularly
disoriented. Therefore, it is extremely helpful if any walkway or
paths can be given defined edges either by the use of planters with
dwarf walls, or a grass verge, or similar, which provides a texture
different from the path.
SIGNAGES
1. Directional and informational sign should be located at points

conveniently seen even by a person on a wheelchair and those with visual
impairments;
2. Signs should be kept simple and easy to understand; signages should be

made of contrasting colors and contrasting gray matter to make detection
and reading easy;

179
3. The international symbol for access should be used to designate routes

and facilities that are accessible;
4. Should a sign protrude into a walkway or route, a minimum headroom

of 2.0 meters should be provided;
5. Signs on walls and doors should be located at a maximum height of 1.60
M. and a minimum height of 1.40 meters. For signage on washroom
doors, see C. Section
8.6.
6. Signage’s labeling public rooms and places should have raised symbols,
letters or numbers with minimum height of 1 mm; braille symbols should
be included in signs indicating public places and safety routes;
CROSSINGS
1. In order to reduce the exposure time to vehicular traffic, all at grade crossing should
1. Be as near perpendicular to the carriageway as possible.
2. Be located at the narrowest, most convenient part of the carriageway.
3. Have central refuges of at least 1.5 m in depth and preferably 2 m,

provided as a midcrossing shelter, where the width of carriageway to be
crossed exceeds 10 m.
2. All crossings should be located close if not contiguous with the

normal pedestrian desire line. 3. Provide tactile blocks in the
immediate vicinity of crossings as an aid to the blind. The tactile
surface has to be sufficiently high enough to be felt through the sole
of the shoe but low enough not to cause pedestrian to trip, or to
effect the mobility of wheelchair users. See details of recommended
pairing slabs below. Note: Tactile strips formed from brushed or
grooved concrete finishes have not been proven successful as they
do not provide sufficient distinction from the normal footway
surface and therefore should not be used.

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3. The most beneficial form of crossing as far as any disabled are

concerned is the light controlled crossing having pedestrian phases
and synchronized audible signals and should, wherever possible, be
provided in preference to other types of crossings as determined by
the duly authorized agency.
4. The audible signal used for crossings should be easily

distinguishable from other sounds in the environment to prevent
confusion to the blind. A prolonged sound should be audible to warn
the blind that the lights are about to change. (Design of such a
system shall be developed by the Traffic Engineering Center.)
5. The flashing green period required for the disabled should be
determined on the basis of a walking speed of 0.90 m/sec. rather
than 1.20 m/sec. which is what is normally used. The minimum
period for the steady green (for pedestrians) should not be less than
6 seconds or the crossing distance times 0.90 m/sec., whichever is
the greatest.
PARKING
PARKING AREAS
1. Accessible parking slots should have a minimum width of 3.70 m

2. A walkway from accessible spaces of 1.20 m. clear width shall be
provided between the front ends of parked cars
ENTRANCES
1. Entrances should be accessible from arrival and departure points to the

interior lobby
2. Entrances with vestibules shall be provided a level area with at least a

1.80 m. depth and a 1.50 m. width
RAMPS

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1. Changes in level require a ramp except when served by a dropped curb,

an elevator or other mechanical device.
2. Ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20 m

3. The maximum gradient shall be 1:12
4. The length of a ramp should not exceed 6:00 m. if the gradient is 1:12;
longer ramps whose gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with landings
not less than 1.50 m.
5. A level area not less than 1.80 m. should be provided at the top and
bottom of any ramp
6. Handrails will be provided on both sides of the ramp at 0.70 m. and

0.90 m. from the ramp level
7. Ramps shall be equipped with curbs on both sides with a minimum

height of 0.10 m
8. Any ramp with a rise greater than 0.20 m. and leads down towards an
area where vehicular traffic is possible, should have a railing across the
full width of its lower end, not less than 1.80 meters from the foot of
the ramp.
DOORS
1. All doors shall have a minimum clear width of 0.80 m

2. Doors should be operable by a pressure or force not more than 4.0 kg; the
closing device pressure an interior door shall not exceed 1 kg
3. A minimum clear level space of 1.50 m x 1.50 m shall be provided before

and extending beyond a door
4. Doorknobs and other hardware should be located between 0.82 m. and

1.06 m. above the floor; 0.90 is preferred
5. Vertical pull handles, centered at 1.06 m. above the floor, are preferred to
horizontal pull bars for swing doors or doors with locking devices

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6. Doors along major circulation routes should be provided with kick plates
made of durable materials at a height of 0.30 m. to 0.40 m
THRESHOLDS
1. Thresholds shall be kept to a minimum; whenever necessary, thresholds

and sliding door tracks shall have a maximum height of 25 mm and
preferably ramped
SWITCHES
1. Manual switches shall be positioned within 1.20 m to 1.30 m above the

floor
2. Manual switches should be located no further than 0.20 from the latch
side of the door
CORRIDORS
1. Corridors shall have minimum clear width of 1.20 m.; waiting areas
and other facilities or spaces shall not obstruct the minimum clearance
requirement
2. Recesses or turnabout spaces should be provided for wheelchairs to

turn around or to enable another wheelchair to pass; these spaces shall
have a minimum area of
1.50 m x 1.50 m. and shall be spaced at a maximum of 12.00 m

3. Turnabout spaces should also be provided at or within 3.50 m. of every dead end
WASHROOMS & TOILETS
1. Accessible water closet stalls shall have a minimum area of 1.70 x

1.80 mts. One movable grab bar and one fixed to the adjacent wall
shall be installed at the accessible water closet stall for lateral
mounting; fixed grab bars on both sides of the wall shall be installed
for stalls for frontal mounting
2. A turning space of 2.25 sq.m. with a minimum dimension of 1.50

m. for wheelchair shall be provided for water closet stalls for lateral
mounting

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3. The minimum number of accessible water closets on each floor

level or on that part of a floor level accessible to the disabled shall
be one (1) where the total number of water closets per set on that
level is 20; and two (2) where the number of water closets exceed
20.
4. In order to aid visually impaired persons to readily determine

whether a washroom is for men or for women, the signage for men's
washroom door shall be an equilateral triangle with a vertex
pointing upward, and those for women shall be a circle; the edges
of the triangle should be 0.30 m long as should be the diameter of
the circle; these signage’s should at least be 7.5 mm thick; the color
and gray value of the doors; the words "men" and "women" or the
appropriate stick figures should still appear on the washroom doors
for the convenience of the fully sighted.
5. The maximum height of water closets should be 0.45 m.; flush

control should have a maximum height of 1.20 mts.
6. Maximum height of lavatories should be 0.80 m. with a knee recess

of 0.60 - 0.70
M. vertical clearance and a 0.50 m. depth.
7. Urinals should have an elongated lip or through type; the maximum
height of the lip should be 0.48 m.
STAIRS
1. Tread surfaces should be a slip-resistant material; nosings may be

provided with slip- resistant strips to further minimize slipping.
2. A tactile strip 0.30 m. wide shall be installed before hazardous areas
such as sudden changes in floor levels and at the top and bottom of
stairs; special care must be taken to ensure the proper mounting or
adhesion of tactile strips so as not to cause accidents;

184
GUIDELINES IN PLANNING AND DESIGN OF A HOSPITAL AND

OTHER
HEALTH FACILITIES UNDER Department of Health (DOH)
1. Environment: A hospital and other health facilities shall be so located that

it is readily accessible to the community and reasonably free from undue
noise, smoke, dust, foul odor, flood, and shall not be located adjacent to
railroads, freight yards, children's playgrounds, airports, industrial plants,
disposal plants.
2. Occupancy: A building designed for other purpose shall not be converted

into a hospital. The location of a hospital shall comply with all local zoning
ordinances.
3. Safety: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a
safe environment for patients, personnel and public. The building shall be
of such construction so that no hazards to the life and safety of patients,
personnel and public exist. It shall be capable of withstanding weight and
elements to which they may be subjected.
3.1 Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading directly
outside the building, interior stair, ramp, and exterior stair.
3.2 A minimum of two (2) exits, remote from each other, shall be
provided for each floor of the building.
3.3 Exits shall terminate directly at an open space to the outside of the
building.
4. Security: A hospital and other health facilities shall ensure the security of
person and property within the facility.
5. Patient Movement: Spaces shall be wide enough for free movement of

patients, whether they are on beds, stretchers, or wheelchairs. Circulation
routes for transferring patients from one area to another shall be available
and free at all times.

185
5.1 Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a minimum
width of 2.44 meters. 5.2 Corridors in areas not commonly used for bed,
stretcher and equipment transport may be reduced in width to 1.83 meters.
5.3 A ramp or elevator shall be provided for ancillary, clinical and nursing
areas located on the upper floor.
5.4 A ramp shall be provided as access to the entrance of the hospital not
on the same level of the site.
6. Lighting: All areas in a hospital and other health facilities shall be provided
with sufficient illumination to promote comfort, healing and recovery of
patients and to enable personnel in the performance of work.
7. Ventilation: Adequate ventilation shall be provided to ensure comfort of

patients, personnel and public.
8. Auditory and Visual Privacy: A hospital and other health facilities shall
observe acceptable sound level and adequate visual seclusion to achieve
the acoustical and privacy requirements in designated areas allowing the
unhampered conduct of activities.
9. Water Supply: A hospital and other health facilities shall use an approved
public water supply system whenever available. The water supply shall be
potable, safe for drinking and adequate, and shall be brought into the
building free of cross connections.
10. Waste Disposal: Liquid waste shall be discharged into an approved public
sewerage system whenever available, and solid waste shall be collected,
treated and disposed of in accordance with applicable codes, laws or
ordinances.
11. Sanitation: Utilities for the maintenance of sanitary system, including

approved water supply and sewerage system, shall be provided through the
buildings and premises to ensure a clean and healthy environment.
12. Housekeeping: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and
maintain a healthy and aesthetic environment for patients, personnel and
public.

186
13. Maintenance: There shall be an effective building maintenance program

in place. The buildings and equipment shall be kept in a state of good repair.
Proper maintenance shall be provided to prevent untimely breakdown of
buildings and equipment.
14. Material Specification: Floors, walls and ceilings shall be of sturdy

materials that shall allow durability, ease of cleaning and fire resistance.
15. Segregation: Wards shall observe segregation of sexes. Separate toilet
shall be maintained for patients and personnel, male and female, with a
ratio of one (1) toilet for every eight (8) patients or personnel.
16. Fire Protection: There shall be measures for detecting fire such as fire
alarms in walls, peepholes in doors or smoke detectors in ceilings. There
shall be devices for quenching fire such as fire extinguishers or fire hoses
that are easily visible and accessible in strategic areas.
17. Signage: There shall be an effective graphic system composed of a number

of individual visual aids and devices arranged to provide information,
orientation, direction, identification, prohibition, warning and official
notice considered essential to the optimum operation of a hospital and other
health facilities.
18. Parking. A hospital and other health facilities shall provide a minimum of
one
(1) parking space for every twenty-five (25) beds.
19. Zoning: The different areas of a hospital shall be grouped according to
zones as follows:
19.1 Outer Zone – areas that are immediately accessible to the public:
emergency service, outpatient service, and administrative service. They
shall be located near the entrance of the hospital.
19.2 Second Zone – areas that receive workload from the outer zone:
laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology. They shall be located near the
outer zone.

187
19.3 Inner Zone – areas that provide nursing care and management of
patients: nursing service. They shall be located in private areas but
accessible to guests.
19.4 Deep Zone – areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed
services: surgical service, delivery service, nursery, and intensive care.
They shall be segregated from the public areas but accessible to the
outer, second and inner zones.
19.5 Service Zone – areas that provide support to hospital activities:

dietary service, housekeeping service, maintenance and motor pool
service, and mortuary. They shall be located in areas away from normal
traffic.
20. Function: The different areas of a hospital shall be functionally related
with each other.
20.1 The emergency service shall be located in the ground floor to ensure
immediate access. A separate entrance to the emergency room shall
be provided.
20.2 The administrative service, particularly admitting office and business

office, shall be located near the main entrance of the hospital. Offices
for hospital management can be located in private areas.
20.3 The surgical service shall be located and arranged to prevent non-
related traffic. The operating room shall be as remote as practicable
from the entrance to provide asepsis. The dressing room shall be
located to avoid exposure to dirty areas after changing to surgical
garments. The nurse station shall be located to permit visual
observation of patient movement. 20.4 The delivery service shall be
located and arranged to prevent non-related traffic. The delivery room
shall be as remote as practicable from the entrance to provide asepsis.
The dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty areas
after changing to surgical garments. The nurse station shall be located
to permit visual observation of patient movement. The nursery shall
be separate but immediately accessible from the delivery room.

188
20.5 The nursing service shall be segregated from public areas. The nurse
station shall be located to permit visual observation of patients. Nurse
stations shall be provided in all inpatient units of the hospital with a ratio of
at least one (1) nurse station for every thirty-five (35) beds. Rooms and
wards shall be of sufficient size to allow for work flow and patient
movement. Toilets shall be immediately accessible from rooms and wards.
20.6 The dietary service shall be away from morgue with at least 25-
meter distance.
21. Space: Adequate area shall be provided for the people, activity, furniture,
22. equipment and utility.
SPACE Area in Space meter

Administrative Office
Lobby
Waiting Area .65/person
Information and Reception Area .02/staff0
Toilet 1.67
Business Office 5.02/staff
Medical Records 5.02/staff
Office of the Chief of Hospital 5.02/staff
Laundry and Linen Area 5.02/staff
Maintenance and House Keeping Area 5.02/staff
Parking Area and Transport Vehicle 9.29
Supply Room 5.02/staff
Waste Holding Room 4.65
Dietary
Dietician Area 5.02/staff
Supply Receiving Area 4.65
Cold and Dry Storage Area 4.65

189
Food Preparation Area 4.65

Cooking and Baking Area 4.65
Serving and Food Assembly Area 4.65
Washing Area 4.65
Garbage Disposal Area 1.67
Dining Area 1.40/person
Toilet 1.67
Cadaver Holding Room 7.43/bed
CLINICAL SERVICE
Emergency Room
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Toilet 1.67
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory 7.43/bed
/ Sink
Observation Area 7.43/bed
Equipment and Supply Storage Area 4.65
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Outpatient Department
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Toilet 1.67
Admitting and Records Area 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory 7.43/bed
/ Sink
Consultation Area 5.02/staff
Surgical and Obstetrical Service
Major Operating Room 33.45
Delivery Room 33.45
Sub-sterilizing Area 4.65
Sterile Instrument, Supply and Storage Area 4.65

190
Scrub-up Area 4.65

Clean-up Area 4.65
Dressing Room 2.32
Toilet 1.67
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Janitor’s Closet 3.90
Nursing Unit
Semi-Private Room with Toilet 7.43/bed
Patient Room 7.43/bed
Toilet 1.67
Isolation Room with Toilet 9.29
Treatment and Medication Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Central Sterilizing and Supply Room

Receiving and Releasing Area 5.02/staff
Work Area 5.02/staff
Sterilizing Room 4.65
Sterile Supply Storage Area 4.65
Nursing Service
Office of the Chief Nurse 5.02/staff
Ancillary Service
Primary Clinical Laboratory
Clinical Work Area with Lavatory/Sink 10.00
Pathologist Area 5.02/staff
Toilet 1.67
Radiology
X – Ray Room with Control Booth, Dressing Area 14.00
and Toilet

191
Dark Room 4.65

Film File and Storage Area 4.65
Radiologist Area 5.02/staff
Pharmacy 15.00
Notes: 1. 0.65/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
2. 5.02/staff – Work area per staff that includes space for one (1) desk and one (1)
chair, space for occasional visitor, and space for aisle
3. 1.40/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
4. 7.43/bed – Clear floor area per bed that includes space for one (1) bed, space for
occasional visitor, and space for passage of equipment
5. 1.08/stretcher – Clear floor area per stretcher that includes space for one (1)
stretcher
Bed Capacity
As per DOH the required solving equation is,

Total Population
Min. Bed Capacity =
1000
Area Population (2015) Annual Growth In (2015~2020)
Angeles City 411,634 4.54% 505,074
Min. Bed Capacity = 505,074

1000
= 505 Bed

192
3.4.3 Financial Viability
Source of Budget
The proposed project “Angeles City Renal Care Center” is a joint project between the
Department of Health and private investors JICA (Japan International Cooperation
Agency). As under DOH program in the development of modernizing and as a part of
thesis project the proponent had provided the larger scope of project concerns to aid the
people, as well as for government income generations as prior investment for future
programs.
Department of Health (DOH)
The Department of Health (DOH) is the principal health agency in the Philippines. It is
responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services to all Filipinos through the
provision of quality health care and regulation of providers of health goods and services.
3.4.4 DESIGN PROPOSAL
The Proposed “ANGELES CITY RENAL CARE CENTER” is a tertiary hospital with
specialization in renal(kidney) in Brgy. Cutcut, Angeles City in the province of
Pampanga. This hospital will be the first hospital in Pampanga that has specialization in
kidney.
Our goal is to provide world class health care to all patients and their families and to
pursue excellence in developing and establishing the highest level of training and
research for physicians and paramedical personnel.
Quality patient care & dedication to patient satisfaction are the cornerstones of the
proposed “ANGELES CITY RENAL CARE CENTER”. Our quality is measured in high
patient satisfaction scores, continuous clinical performance activities, & excellent
medical outcomes.

193
3.4.5 DEVELOPMENTAL CONTROL AND COMPUTATIONS

TOTAL LOT AREA(TLA): 27,969 Sqm/2.8 Hectares
Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF)

AMBF = 13,948.5 sq.m
Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO).
PSO1 = _______ AMBF_______ x 100%

Total Lot Area (TLA)
= 50%
PSO = TLA x 50%

27,969 x 50 %
= 13,984.5sq.m
Impervious Surface Area (ISA)
ISA = TLA x 20%

27,969 x 20 %
= 5,593.8sq. m
Maximum Allowable Construction Area (MACA)
structures/parkinglots/roads.
MACA = PSO + ISA

= 19,578.3 sq. m
Minimum Unpaved Open Space (USA)
USA = TLA x 30%

77, 519.4542 x 30 %
= 8,390.7 sq. m

194
Actual USA
Actual USA = USA% + ( PSO1 - PSO )

30% + ( 50 - 50 )
=
Open Space within the lot (TOSL)
TOSL = USA + ISA

30% + 20%
= 50%
Gross Floor Area
GFA = TLA x FLAR

27,969 x 2.50
= 69.922.5 sq.m
Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA)
TGFA1 = AMBF x No.# of Floors

13,984.5 x 5
= 69,922.5 sq.m
TGFA = BHL x 60% of TLA
15 x 46,511.67
= 251,721 sq.m

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ANGELES CITY RENAL CARE CENTER

Chapter 3. ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF DATA

- Provide an advance research facility and information related to renal diseases.

3.1.2. RESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

3.2. THE SITE

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

Figure 1-2. Inferred Hierarchy of Urban Centers in Central Luzon

San Jose City Baler

San Fernando City

N Olongapo City Malolos City

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

population in Central Luzon is in the province of Pampanga. This is exactly in the

crossroads of MacArthur Highway, the Gapan-San Fernando-Olongapo Road, Subic-

is strategically located in this regional urban development corridor.

of the list of major urban development centers in the country.

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

3.2.2 Site Selection Criteria

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

B. Factors to be Considered in Locating a Hospital

b.) It should be grouped with other institutional facilities such as religious

C. System and Procedures

C.1. Inventory and profile of alternative site

C.2. Evaluation of the location and quality of site

C.2.2. Physical Conditions

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

C.2.4. Land Development Costs

C.2.4. Land Development Costs

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

3.2.3 Site Selection and Justification

The selected sites are the following:

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

CRITERIA SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3

Compatibility or Proposed Users 5 3 4

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Size and Shape 5 3 5

Safe distance at entrance drive 5 5 3

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3.2.4 Site Analysis

Macro Site Analysis

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ORIENTATION IN RELATION TO SOLAR PATHS AND WIND PATHS

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

Figure 7-1 Vicinity Map of Angeles City

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

3.2.5. SWOT Analysis

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3.2.6. Baseline Studies

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

Figure 7-3Modified Corona System of

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

Figure 7-4Frequency of Tropical Cyclone

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

Percentage (%) Composition

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

Local Drainage and Water Bodies

Figure 7-5Rivers and creeks in Angeles City

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT

Water Supply and Distribution System

Drainage System and Flood Control Facilities

BOGNOT – GARCIA - LINGAT