FLOATING ROOFS-

1 - DESIGN DATA .

Design Code . API 650 , 11th Edition.

Customer Specification.

Design Specific Gravity . G= 0.9500

Product Specific Gravity. 0.9500

Tank Internal Diameter ( at V1 ) - D= 302.82

Shell Height . HT = 70.21
Design Height. H= 65.85

Distance between floating roof and shell. 9.84

Width of pontoon. Lw = 248.03
Number of external compartment. n= 44

Height of pontoons under the deck level - hp = 6.50

Total height of the pontoons ( external side ) - hpt = 41.73
Maximal height from top of pontoons to top angle. hpta = 37.60

Weight of floating roof with appurtenances - Wr = 1,109,487

2- FLOATING ROOF BUOYANCY -

2.1 - BUOYANCY OF THE SINGLE-DECK FLOATING ROOF.

( API 650 Appendix C - C.3.4 ) -
The floating roof shall have sufficient buoyancy to remain afloat on a liquid with
specific gravity 0,7 , and with primary drains inoperative to the following
conditions:
1. Simple-deck and any two adjacents pontoon compartments punctured with no
water or live load ( C.3.4.1.b ) .
2. 10 inches of rainfall in a 24-hour period with the roofs intacts ( C.3.4.1.a ).

2.1.1 - SINGLE-DECK AND TWO ADJACENT COMPARTMENTS PUNCTURED.

Y
Z
hpta

2a
C R2
hpt

d
hp

R1

Lw
 hpt

c
d

hp
R1

Lw

External radius of the floating roof. R1 = 150.5906

Radius of the single-deck. R2 = 129.9213

Half-angle of the circular sector of non-punctured

external compartment.
α = (360 - ( 720 / 2 n ))/2 α= 171.82

Floating surface area.

S =α x ( R12 - R22 ) S= 17386.9428

C = Center of gravity of the floating surface.

Distance from C to the center of the roof O :
d = (( 2/3 ) * SIN (α) * (( R13 ) - (R23 ))) / S d= 6.6682

Moment of inertia of the ffloating surface / axis YY .

Iyy = (R14 - R24) * (α + SIN (α) * COS (α)) / 4
Iyy = 163867077.20

Moment of inertia of the floating surface / axis ZZ

Izz = Iyy - S * ( d2 ) Izz = 163093963.32

Plunging of the roof is divided into 2 parts:

- Uniform plunging due to the roof weight.
- Inclination due to the horizontal excentricity of the center of buoyancy B
compared with the center of gravity G - As B is on the same vertical line as C and G
as O , the excentricity is equal to "d" calculated above.

Uniform submerging :
Design specific gravity ( API 650 & C.3.4.1 ) . 0.7000

Displaced volume :
V = Wr / (0.7 * 62.4) V= 25400.33

Volume in pontoons below the level of the deck.

V1 = (R1 - R2 ) * ( hp / (12 x 12 x 2 )) * (( 2 * PI* (R 1 - V1 = 5051.30
(( R1-R2 ) / 3))))

Uniform submerging of roof measured above the

deck .
c = ( V - V1 ) / S c= 1.1704

Corresponding displaced volume .

V2 = V - V 1 V2 = 20349.03

Vertical positon of the metacenter M ( center of

rotation ).
z(M) = Izz / V z(M) = 6420.94
The inclination is given by the equilibrium of
moments between weight ( applied in G ) and thrust
( applied in B ).
z(M) * SIN(i) = d . SIN (i) = 0.0010
i= 0.0595

Maximal submerging of the roof .

( hp + c + ( R1 x SIN (i)) 1.8681
Maximal Submerging of the Roof < hpt is OK

Minimal submerging of the roof .

( measured from the bottom of the pontoon ) .
( hp + c - ( R1 x SIN (i)) 1.5553
Minimal Submerging of the Roof > 0 is OK

B G

C O i
d

2.1.2 - ROOF INTACT WITH 10 INCHES OF WATER IN THE DECK.

Total height of water on the roof . hw = 10.00

Weight of water on the roof .

Ww = ( PI() x R22 ) x hw x 62.40 Ww = 2,757,488

Displaced Volume .
V´ = ( Wr + Ww ) / ( 0.7 x 62.40 ) V´ = 88529.64

Floating Surface Area .

St = PI() x ( R12 ) St = 71243.51

Corresponding height of submerging above the deck.

c´= ( V´ - V1 ) / St c´= 1.1717

Maximal submerging of the roof .

( Measured from the bottom of the pontoon ).
hp + c´ 1.7131
Maximal Submerging of the Roof < hpt is OK

2.1.3 - CHECKING OF DESIGN HEIGHT OF LIQUID IN SERVICE.

Weight of floating roof with appurtenances. Wr = 1109487

Displaced Volume .
V = Wr / ( G x 62.40 ) V= 18716.04

Volume in pontoons below the level of the deck. V1 = 5051.30

Floating Surface Area . St = 71243.51

Submerging of roof measured above the deck .

c = ( V - V 1 ) / St c= 0.1918

Submerging of the roof in service .

hp + c 0.7331
Submerging of the roof in service < hpt is OK

Maximal height of liquid. 64.3322

HT - hpta - hpt + ( hp + c )
Maximal height of liquid in service < H is OK

2.1.4 - CHECKING OF DESIGN HEIGHT IN HYDROSTATIC TEST .

Weight of floating roof with appurtenances. Wr = 1109487

Specific gravity for water - Gw = 1.0000

Displaced Volume .
V = Wr / ( 1 x 62.40 ) V= 17780.23

Volume in pontoons below the level of the deck. V1 = 5051.30

Floating Surface Area . St = 71243.51

Submerging of roof measured above the deck .

c = ( V - V 1 ) / St c= 0.1787

Submerging of the roof in service .

hp + c 0.7200
 Submerging of the roof in service < hpt is OK

Maximal height of liquid.

HT - hpta - hpt + ( hp + c ) 64.3191
Maximal height of liquid in service < H is OK

THE FLOATING ROOF HAS A SUFFICIENT BUOYANCY

3 - FLOATING ROOF SUPPORTS.

3.1 - DETERMINATION OF LOADS ON THE LEGS.

( As per drawings .)
External radius of the floating roof. R1 = 150.5906
Radius of the single-deck. R2 = 129.9213

Radius 8 Radius 7 Radius 6

1 - Support Radius. ft. 147.0801 133.4646 108.4843
mm. 44,830 40,680 33,066

Rang 8 Rang 7 Rang 6

1 - Support Radius. ft. 147.0801 133.4646 108.4843
mm. 44,830 40,680 33,066

2 - Supported Section : 147.0801 133.4646 108.4843

44830 40680 33066
0.0000 150.5906 140.2723 120.9744
45900.00 42755.00 36873.00

0uter Radius . ft. 150.5906 140.2723 120.9744

mm. 45,900 42,755 36,873

Inner Radius . ft. 140.2723 120.9744 97.6640

mm. 42,755 36,873 29,768

Outer Radius - Inner Radius = ft. 10.3182 19.2979 23.3104

mm. 3,145 5,882 7,105

Lw = 20.6693

Y
Z
hpta

2a
C R2
hpt

d
 Y
Z

hpta
2a
C R2

hpt

c
d

hp
R1

Lw

Section 8 Section 7 Section 6

ft 140.27 129.92
Roof Area
mm 42,755 39,600
ft 120.97 97.66
Deck Area
mm 36,873 29,768

2-1 Roof Area. ft.2 9428.53 8786.37 0.00

m2. 875.94 816.28 0.00

2-2 Deck Area. ft.2 0.00 7052.01 16011.26

m.2 0.00 655.15 1487.49

3- Uniform live load. ( API 650 & 25 lb/ft2 = 1197 N.

C.10.3.2 ) = 25 lb/ft2 . 1N= 0.2248 lbf.

3-1 Roof Area . lb. 235713 219659 0

N. 1048505 977093 0

3-2 Deck . lb. 0 176300 400282

N. 0 784223 1780541

4 - Weights. ( As per drawings. )

4-1 Roof. lb. 272068 247824 0

N. 1210219 1102375 0

4-2 Deck. lb. 0 57577 130725

N. 0 256114 581496

4-3 Roof Stiffeners. lb. 0 0 0

N. 0 0 0

4-4 Deck Stiffeners. lb. 0 0 35409

N. 0 0 157505

4-5 Rolling Ladder ( Over deck. ). lb. 0 0 0

N. 0 0 0

4-6 Appurtenances . lb. 0 0 0

 N. 0 0 0

Total Weight ( Dead Loads ) . lb. 272068 305400 166134

N. 1210219 1358489 739001

5- Live Loads + Dead Loads.

Total Weight. lb. 507781 701360 566416

N. 2258724 3119805 2519542

6- Number of Supports. 44 44 60

7- Weight of a Support. lb. 147 147 212

N. 655 655 945

8- Total Weight. ( Item 5 + ( Item 7 x lb. 514260 707839 579162

Item 6 )) . N. 2287544 3148625 2576242

9- Total Load per Support. lb. 11688 16087 9653

N. 51990 71560 42937

Maximum load on a pontoon support : MLP = 16087

Maximum load on a deck support : MLD = 10654

3.2 - CHECKING OF DECK SUPPORTS.

Checking of the legs in compression.

The checking is made in compression as per API 650 & AISC .

Material for Column. API 5L B

Supporting Leg. 3"

Diameter . D= 3.50
Thickness ( ordered ). 0.2160
Corrosion. CA = 0.0000
Minimal Thickness in Operation. t= 0.2160
Section . S= 2.2300
Moment of Inertia. 3.0200
Radius of Gyration. r= 1.1600
Tensile Strength of Column @ ambient Temperature.
TS = 60000
Yield strength of Column @ ambient Temperature.
YS = 35000
(API STD 650 -Item 3.10.3.4)
Cc = (( 2 x PI2 x E ) / YS) 0.5 Cc = 127.45
( Table B5.1 AISC )
Description of Element :
( Circular hollow sections in axial compression )

Width thickness ratio = D / t . D/t= 16.20

Limiting Width-Thickness Ratio.

3300 / ( YS / 1000 ) 94.29

THE COLUMN IS NOT A SLENDER ELEMENT.

Maximal Length of Leg ( 100 mm in the 4" pipe L= 45.4724

included ).

Effective Length Factor . K . K= 2.10

( Table C-C2.1 AISC )

Slenderness Ratio. (KxL)/r λ= 82.32

Cc > ( K x L / r ) IS OK
API 650 - Item 3.10.3.3 - Maximum Slenderness Ratio-
For columns , the value L/r shall not exceed 180.

THE SLENDERNESS RATIO IS RESPECTED

Elasticity Modulus at Ambient Temperature. E= 28800000

( Table M-2 API 650 )

AISC - E.2 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR

FLEXURAL BUCKLING.

Gross Area of Members. Ag = 2.2300

Specified Yield Stress. Fy = 35.00
Modulus of Elasticity. E= 28800
Effective Length Factor. K= 2.10
Laterally Unbraced Length of Member. l= 45.4724
Governing Radius of Gyration about the Axis of r= 1.1600
Buckling.

(E2-4) (( K x l ) / ( r x PI )) x( ( Fy / E ) 05) = 0.9135

0.8344

( E2-2) , ( E2-3) Fcr = 24682

Allowable Stress in Compression Fa = 46786

( Fa = Ag x Fcr x 0.85 )

Fa > MLD ; LEG IS OK.

Checking of the fillet welds at pipe supporting plates .

Length of weld of pipe 3" on pipe 4". ( As per drawing. ) Lw = 10.9956

Fillet weld size ( leg dimension ) Ws = 0.1969
Shear Stress :
( MLD / (( Ws / 20.5 ) x Lw )) Ss1 = 6961
Ss1 < 18000 psi- WELD IS OK

Length of weld of gussets on pipe 4" ( As per drawing. ) Lw = 76.5354

Fillet weld size ( leg dimension ) Ws = 0.1969
Shear Stess :
( MLD / (( Ws / 20.5 ) x Lw )) Ss2 = 1000
Ss2 < 18000psi - WELD IS OK

Length of weld of plate on deck ( As per drawing ). Lw = 33.7795

Fillet weld size ( leg dimension ) Ws = 0.1969
Shear Stress :
( MLD / (( Ws / 20.5 ) x Lw )) Ss3 = 2266
Ss3 < 18000 psi - WELD IS OK

3.3 - CHECKING OF PONTOON SUPPORTS .

The checking is made in compression as per API 650 & AISC .

Material for Column. API 5L B

Supporting Leg. 3" Std.

Diameter . D= 3.50
Thickness ( ordered ). 0.2165
Corrosion. CA = 0.0000
Minimal Thickness in Operation. t= 0.2165
Section . S= 2.2300
Moment of Inertia. 3.0200
Radius of Gyration. r= 1.1600
Tensile Strength of Column @ ambient Temperature.
TS = 60000
Yield strength of Column @ ambient Temperature.
YS = 35000
(API STD 650 -Item 3.10.3.4)
Cc = (( 2 x PI 2 x E ) / YS) 0.5 Cc = 127.45
( Table B5.1 AISC )
Description of Element :
( Circular hollow sections in axial compression )

Width thickness ratio = D / t . D/t= 16.16

Limiting Width-Thickness Ratio.

3300 / ( YS / 1000 ) 94.29

THE COLUMN IS NOT A SLENDER ELEMENT

Maximal Length of Leg ( 100 mm in the 4" pipe L= 0.0000

included ).

Effective Length Factor . K . K= 2.10

( Table C-C2.1 AISC )

Slenderness Ratio. (KxL)/r λ= 0.00

Cc > ( K x L / r) IS OK
API 650 - Item 3.10.3.3 - Maximum Slenderness Ratio-
For columns , the value L/r shall not exceed 180.

THE SLENDERNESS RATIO IS RESPECTED

Elasticity Modulus at Ambient Temperature. E= 28800000
( Table M-2 API 650 )

AISC - E.2 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR

FLEXURAL BUCKLING.

Gross Area of Members. Ag = 2.2300

Specified Yield Stress. Fy = 35.00
Modulus of Elasticity. E= 28800
Effective Length Factor. K= 2.10
Laterally Unbraced Length of Member. l= 0.0000
Governing Radius of Gyration about the Axis of r= 1.1600
Buckling.

(E2-4) (( K x l ) / ( r x PI )) x( ( Fy / E )05) = 0.0000

0.0000

( E2-2) , ( E2-3) Fcr = 35000

Allowable Stress in Compression Fa = 66343

( Fa = Ag x Fcr x 0.85 )

Fa > MLP ; LEG IS OK

Checking of the fillet welds at pipe supporting plates .

Length of weld of pipe 4" on reinforcing plate - ( As per Lw = 49.5276
drawing. )
Fillet weld size ( leg dimension ) Ws = 0.1969
Shear Stress :
MLP / (( Ws / 20.5 ) x Lw ) Ss = 2334
Ss < 18000 psi - WELD IS OK
FS- AP

C.3 - DESIGN.
C.3.1 GENERAL.
The roof and accesories shall be designed
the maximum design liquid level and then
the top of the tank shell without damage to
During such an occurrence , no manual at
appurtenances.
If a windskirt or top-shell extension is used
travel, appropiate alarm devices shall be p
ft. 92.30 m. risen above the designed capacity height u
ft. 21.40 m. height to the top of the shell extension.
ft. 20.07 m. The purchaser shall specify the indicator a
Emergency overflow openings may be pro
damage.
in. 250.00 mm.
in. 6300.00 mm.
C.3.3 DECKS.
C.3.3.1 Roofs in corrosive service , such a
in. 165.00 mm. designed to eliminate the presence of any
in. 1060.00 mm. C.3.3.2 Unless oteherwise specified by the
in. 955.00 mm. nominal thickness of 5 mm (3/16") - 37,4 k
C.3.3.4 Top decks sof double-deck roofs a
lb. 503,485 kg. permanent slope for drainage ,shall have a
preferably be lapped to provide the best d
C.3.4 PONTOON DESIGN .
C.3.4.1 Floating roofs shall have sufficient
gravity of 0,7 and with primary drains inop
a - 250 mm (10 in ) of rainfall in a 24-hour
roofs provided with emergency drains to k
support.Such emergency drains shall not a
b - Single-deck and any two adjacent pont
roofs and any two adjacent compartments
no water or live load-

c - With agreement by the purchaser , item

6 m (20 ft) in diametr or less : any one com
pontoon roofs or double-deck roofs, both r
C.3.4.2 The pontoon portions of single-dec
adequate strength to prevent permanent d
rainwater (C.3.4.1 ,Item a ) or when the ce
(C.3.4.1 Item b ) - If calculations are requir
stability criteria shall be jointly established
inquiry. Alternatively, a proof test simulatin
water , may be performed on the roof or on
diameter -

C.3.4.3 Any penetration of the floating roo

design conditions-
C.3.5 PONTOON OPENINGS-
Each compartment shall be provided with
With agreement by the purchaser , floating
designed using a pontoon inspection port
Each compartment shall be vented to prot
be in the manhole cover, inspection port co
shall be at an elevation that prevents liquid
Lw
of C.3.4 and shall terminate in a manner th
 Each compartment shall be provided with
With agreement by the purchaser , floating
designed using a pontoon inspection port
Each compartment shall be vented to prot
be in the manhole cover, inspection port co
Lw
shall be at an elevation that prevents liquid
of C.3.4 and shall terminate in a manner th

C.3.6 COMPARTMENTS -
Compartments plates are radial or circumf
ft. 45.9000 m. flotation for the roof (see C.3.4 )- All intern
fillet welded along all of their edges, and o
ft. 39.6000 m.
required to make each compartment liquid
using internal pressure or a cacuum box a

C.3.7 LADDERS -
degree. 2.9988 rad. Unless otherwise specified by the purchas
that automatically adjusts to any roof posit
The ladder shall be designed for a full-roof
leg supports. If a rolling ladder is furnished
ft2 1615.2998 m2
shall be designed for a 4450N ( 1000 lbf )
position-
C.3.8 ROOF DRAINS -
The minimum-size drain shall be capable o
ft. 2.0325 m. greater than design at the maximum rainfa
the roof is floating at the minimum operatin
NPS 3 for roof with a diameter less than o
roofs with a diameter greater than 36 m ( 1

ft4 1414332.62 m4 C.3.9 VENTS -

Suitable vents shall be provided to preven
The purchaser should specify liquid withdr
vents . Vents, bleeder valves , or other sui
ft4 1407659.89 m4
gases from under neath the roof during in

C.3.10 SUPPORTING LEGS.

C.3.10.1 The floating roof shall be provide
shall be notched or perforated at the botto
adjustable from the top side of the roof. th
sipporting legs shall be as specified on the
certain that all tank apputenances , such a
cleared by the roof in lowest position.

C.3.10.2 The legs and attachments shall b

of at leat 1,2 kPa ( 25 lbf/ft.2 )- Where poss
through bulkheads or diaphragms. Leg att
attention to prevent failures at the points o
used to distribute the leg loads on the bott
ft3 719.26 m3 continuously welded to the bottom.

ft3 143.04 m3 C.3.11 ROOF MANHOLES-

At least one roof manhole shall be provide
when the tank is empty- The number of ro
Each manhole shall have a minimum nom

C.3.12 CENTERING AND ANTOROTATIO

ft. 0.3567 m. Suitable devices shall be provided to main
from rotating. These devices shall capable
ladder, unequal snow loads , and wind loa
ft3 576.22 m3 C.3.13 SEALS-
The space between the outer periphery of
flexible device that provides a reasonably
C.3.14 GAUGING DEVICE -
ft. 1957.10 m. Each roof shall be provided with a gauge h
the design specified in the purchaser orde
 C.4 FABRICATION , ERECTION, WELDI
C.4.5 Drainpipe and hose systems of prim
350 kPa ( 50 lbf/in2 ) gauge- During the rot
rad. and observed for leakage of the tank conte
degree.

ft. 0.5694 m.

ft. 0.4741 m.

in. 0.2540 m.

lb. 1,253,554 kg.

ft3 2506.88 m3

ft2 6618.74 m2.

ft. 0.3571 m.

ft. 0.5221 m.
lb. 503485 kg.

ft3 529.98 m3

ft3 143.04 m3

ft2 6618.74 m2

ft. 0.0585 m.

ft. 0.2235 m.

ft. 19.6085 m.

lb. 503485 kg.

ft3 503.48 m3

ft3 143.04 m3

ft2 6618.74 m3.

ft. 0.0545 m.

ft. 0.2195 m.
 ft. 19.6045 m. (condición)
VERDADERO

FICIENT BUOYANCY

ft. 45900 mm.

ft. 39600 mm.

Radius 5 Radius 4 Radius 3 Radius 2 Radius 1

86.8438 64.4849 42.8445 22.9987 10.0000
26,470 19,655 13,059 7,010 3,048

Rang 5 Rang 4 Rang 3 Rang 2 Rang 1

86.8438 64.4849 42.8445 22.9987 10.0000
26,470 19,655 13,059 7,010 3,048

86.8438 64.4849 42.8445 22.9987 10.0000

26470 19655 13059 7010 3048
97.6640 75.6644 53.6647 32.9216 16.4993
29768.00 23062.50 16357.0000 10034.5000 5029.0000

97.6640 75.6644 53.6647 32.9216 16.4993

29,768 23,063 16,357 10,035 5,029

75.6644 53.6647 32.9216 16.4993 0.0000

23,063 16,357 10,035 5,029 0

21.9997 21.9997 20.7431 16.4222 16.4993

6,706 6,706 6,323 5,006 5,029

ft. 6300.00 mm.

 Lw

Section 5 Section 4 Section 3 Section 2 Section 1

75.66 53.66 32.92 16.50 0.00

23,063 16,357 10,035 5,029 0

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11979.42 8938.45 5642.52 2549.72 855.23

1112.92 830.41 524.21 236.88 79.45

1 Kgf m / seg2 = 9.8067 Nm.

1 kg = 2.2046 lb.

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

299486 223461 141063 63743 21381

1332178 994005 627479 283544 95106

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

97807 72979 46069 20818 6983

435068 324626 204924 92601 31060

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

20366 16938 12031 5313 765

90594 75344 53515 23634 3403

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0

118173 89917 58099 26131 7748

525662 399970 258439 116235 34463

417659 313378 199162 89874 29128

1857840 1393975 885918 399779 129569

40 32 24 9 3

212 212 212 212 212

945 945 945 945 945

426157 320176 204261 91786 29766

1895640 1424215 908598 408284 132404

10654 10006 8511 10198 9922

47391 44507 37858 45365 44135

lb. 71560 N.

lb. 47391 N.

API 5L B

std
in. 88.90 mm.
in. 5.49 mm.
in. 0.00 mm.
in. 5.49 mm.
in2 1438.71 mm2
in4 1257018.91 mm4
in. 29.46 mm.

lb/in2 413.69 Mpa.

lb/in2 241.32 Mpa.

 in. 1155.00 mm.

K x L / r ) IS OK

lb/in2 198569.06 Mpa.

in2 1438.71 mm2

ksi. 241.32 Mpa.
ksi. 198569.06 Mpa.

in. 1155.00 mm.

in. 29.46 mm.

lb/in2 170.18 Mpa.

lb. 208113 N.

in. 279.29 mm.

in. 5.00 mm.

lb/in2

in. 1944.00 mm.

in. 5.00 mm.
 lb/in2

in. 858.00 mm.

in. 5.00 mm.

lb/in2

API 5L B

in. 88.90 mm.

in. 5.50 mm.
in. 0.00 mm.
in. 5.50 mm.
in2 1438.71 mm2
in4 1257018.91 mm4
in. 29.46 mm.

lb/in2 413.69 Mpa.

lb/in2 241.32 Mpa.

in. 0.00 mm.

K x L / r) IS OK
lb/in2 198569.06 Mpa.

in.2 1438.71 mm2

ksi. 241.32 Mpa.
ksi. 198569.06 Mpa.

in. 0.00 mm.

in. 29.46 mm.

lb/in2 241.32 Mpa.

lb. 295106 N.

in. 1258.00 mm.

in. 5.00 mm.

lb/in2
 APPENDIX C .

AL.
ccesories shall be designed and constructed so that the roof is allowed to float to
design liquid level and then return to a liquid level that floats the roof welll below
ank shell without damage to any part of the roof, tank or appurtenances.
n occurrence , no manual attention shall be required to protect the roof, tank or
.
r top-shell extension is used to contain the roof seals at the highest point of
ate alarm devices shall be provided to indicate that the liquid level in the tank has
e designed capacity height unless the tank shell has been designed for a liquid
p of the shell extension.
shall specify the indicator arrangement suitable for operating purposes.
erflow openings may be provided to protect the tank and floating roof from

n corrosive service , such as covering sour crude oil, should be the contact type
minate the presence of any air-vapor mixture under the deck.
oteherwise specified by the purchaser, all deck plates shall have a minimum
ess of 5 mm (3/16") - 37,4 kg/m2 - 7.65 lb/ft2 -
cks sof double-deck roofs and of pontoon sections, which are designed with a
pe for drainage ,shall have a minimum slope of 1 in 64 (3/16" in 12") and shall
apped to provide the best drainage . Plate buckles shall be kept to a minimum-
ON DESIGN .
g roofs shall have sufficient buoyancy to remain afloat on liquid with a specific
nd with primary drains inoperative for the following conditions:
0 in ) of rainfall in a 24-hour period with the roof intact , except for double-deck
with emergency drains to keep water to a lesser volume that the roof will safely
emergency drains shall not allow the product to flow onto thr roof-
k and any two adjacent pontoon compartments punctured in single-deck pontoon
wo adjacent compartments punctured in double-deck roofs, both roof types with
e load-

ment by the purchaser , item b may be replaced by the following for floating roofs
iametr or less : any one compartment punctured nd flooded in single-deck
or double-deck roofs, both roof types with no water or live load.
ntoon portions of single-deck pontoon-type roofs shall be designed to have
ngth to prevent permanent distortion when the center deck is loaded by its design
4.1 ,Item a ) or when the center deck and two adjacent pontoons are punctured
) - If calculations are required by the purchaser , the allowable stress and
shall be jointly established by the purchaser and the manufacturer as part of the
tively, a proof test simulating the conditions of C.3.4.1 , with the roof floating on
performed on the roof or on one of similar design that is equal or greater

netration of the floating roof shall not allow product to flow onto the roof under
ons-
ON OPENINGS-
ment shall be provided with a liquid-tight manhole.
nt by the purchaser , floating roofs 6 m ( 20 ft ) in diameter or less may be
g a pontoon inspection port in place of a pontoon manhole-
ment shall be vented to protect against internal or external pressure. Vents may
ole cover, inspection port cover , or the top deck of the compartment - The vents
elevation that prevents liquid from entering the compartment under the conditions
hall terminate in a manner that prevents entry of rain and fire-fighting liquids-
RTMENTS -
plates are radial or circumferential dividers forming compartments that provide
roof (see C.3.4 )- All internal compartment plates (or sheets) shall be single-
ong all of their edges, and other welding shall be performed at junctions as
ke each compartment liquid tight. Each compartment shall be tested for tightness
pressure or a cacuum box and a soap solution or penetrating oil-

RS -
se specified by the purchaser , the floating roof shall be supplied with a ladder
ally adjusts to any roof position so that accesss to the roof is always provided.
all be designed for a full-roof travel , regardless of the normal setting of the roof-
a rolling ladder is furnished, it shall have full-length handrails on both sides and
ned for a 4450N ( 1000 lbf ) midpoint load with the ladder in any operating

DRAINS -
size drain shall be capable of preventing the roof from accumulating a water level
esign at the maximum rainfall rate specified by the purchaser for the roof when
ing at the minimum operating level; however, the drain shall not be smaller than
with a diameter less than or equal 36 m ( 120 ft ) , or smaller than NPS 4 for
ameter greater than 36 m ( 120 ft ) -

shall be provided to prevent overstressing of yhe roof feck or seal membrane.

should specify liquid withdrawal rates so that the fabricator may size the vacuum
bleeder valves , or other suitable means shall be adequate to evacuate air and
der neath the roof during initial filling-

ORTING LEGS.
oating roof shall be provided with supporting legs. Legs fabricated from pipe
ed or perforated at the bottom to provide drainage. The length of the legs shall be
m the top side of the roof. the operating and cleaning-position levels of the
shall be as specified on the purchaser order. The manufacturer shall make
tank apputenances , such as mixers , interior piping, and the fill nozzle , are
roof in lowest position.

egs and attachments shall be designed to support the roof and a uniform live load
Pa ( 25 lbf/ft.2 )- Where possible, the roof load shall be transmitted to the legs
ads or diaphragms. Leg attachments to single decks shall be given particular
event failures at the points of attachments. Steel pads or other means shall be
ute the leg loads on the bottom of the tank. If pads are used, they shall be
elded to the bottom.

MANHOLES-
of manhole shall be provided for access to the tank interior and for ventilation
is empty- The number of roof manholes shall be as specified by the purchaser .
shall have a minimum nominal diameter of 600 mm ( 24 in )-

ERING AND ANTOROTATION DEVICES.

es shall be provided to maintain the roof in a centered position and to prevent it
These devices shall capable of resisting the lateral forces imposed by the roof
l snow loads , and wind loads.
S-
ween the outer periphery of the roof and the tank shell shall be sealed by a
that provides a reasonably close fit to the shell surfaces.
ING DEVICE -
be provided with a gauge hatch or gauge well with a tight cap that complies with
cified in the purchaser order.
TION , ERECTION, WELDING, INSPECTION, AND TESTING.
e and hose systems of primary drains shall be tested with water at a pressure of
bf/in2 ) gauge- During the rotation test, the roof drain valves shall be kept open
or leakage of the tank contents into the drain lines.