DC MACHINERY

EEP433L1

DC MOTOR
JURIEVE R. BAGAY
 DC MOTOR
• An energy conversion machine that
converts DC Voltage input to
Mechanical rotation output
• Follows the principle of
electromagnetic induction

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 2
 DC MOTOR PRINCIPLES
1.) There must be presence of magnetic flux
to be provided by the field poles.
2.) There must be current in the armature
conductors through application of DC
voltage Source.
3.) The torque will be develop thus having
mechanical rotation output.

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 3
 Basic Application of Different Motors
• Conveyor
• Escalator
• Elevator
• Driller
• Blender
• Grinder
• Blower
• Pumps
• Compresor
• Fan
JURIEVE R. BAGAY 4
JURIEVE R. BAGAY 5
 Types of DC Motor
1.) Shunt Motor – it is used in constant speed
application.

Shunt Field Coil Armature

Vs

RA

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 6
 Types of DC Motor
2.) Series Motor – it is used in high torque
application.
- it has a variable speed output
RA

Armature
Vs

Series Field Coil

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 7
 Types of DC Motor
3.) Short Shunt Motor – it is used in high torque
application.
- it has a variable speed output
Series Field

Shunt Field Coil Armature

Vs

RA

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 8
 Types of DC Motor
4.) Long Shunt Motor – it is used in high torque
application.
- it has a variable speed output to constant
speed application

Series Field
Shunt Field Coil
Armature Vs

RA

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 9
 Legends
Ra - armature resistance
Rsh – shunt field resistance
Rse – series field resistance
Ia - armature current
Ish – shunt field current
Ise – series field current
Im - motor current
Vs – supply voltage
Eb – back emf (electromagnetic force)
Pd – power develop
Pin – input power
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 Speed Regulation of DC Motor
it is the percentage rise in speed when the
mechanical load of the motor is removed.

S NL  S FL
% SR  x100%
S FL
Ideal speed regulation,
% SR  0%, S NL  S FL

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 11
Mechanical Power Output of DC Motor
- - it is rated in HP (Horse Power)

2NT 2NT
HP  
(60)(746) 44, 760
Where T is in Newton – meter (N-m),

2NT 2NT
HP  
(60)(550) 33, 000
Where T is in Pound – foot (lb-ft),
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 Power Output of DC Motor
Generally,

2NT
P
(60)
P – power in watts
N- speed in rpm
T – Torque in N-m
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 1 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 13
 Torque Output of DC Motor
60 P P
T  9.55
2N N
P – power in watts
N- speed in rpm

T  k I
T – Torque in N-m
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 1 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
I – current
ɸ - magnetic flux
K- proportionality constant
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 Speed Output of DC Motor

60 P P
N  9.55
2T T
P – power in watts
N- speed in rpm
T – Torque in N-m
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 1 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 15
 Efficiency in a DC Motor
- It is the ratio of power output to the power
input in a motor
Po Po Pin  PLOSS PLOSS
%     1
Pin Po  PLOSS Pin Pin

- Ideal efficiency = 100 % ; Pin = Pout

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 16
 DC Motor Starting
- At starting of a DC motor, the speed is equal to
zero, thus the back emf is also equal to zero.
- Therefore the voltage supply will be
concentrated to the very small armature
resistance thus drawing a very large amount
of starting current.
- The starting current ranges from 250 % up to
300 % of the full load current.

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 17
 DC Motor Starting
- At starting
N  0; Eb  0

Vs
Ia 
Ra
- Armature current at starting is very large
because the only resisting element is the
armature resistance.
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 DC Motor Starting
- Thus the need of starting rheostat is inserted
in series to the armature in order to enlarge
the resistance thus lessening the current at
starting.
- Starting rheostat ranges from 1 ohm to 3
ohms but with high power capacity rating.

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 19
 DC Motor Speed Control
- In a shunt motor, the flux is assumed to be
equal or nearly equal because of the constant
voltage source in parallel with the shunt field.
- In a shunt motor, the speed is constant
because the speed is inversely proportional to
the flux.
- In a series motor, the flux is directly
proportional to the armature current.
- In a series motor, there is a variable speed
control.
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 DC Motor Speed Control
- In order to control the speed of a shunt motor,
there is a need of adding a series resistance to
the shunt field.
- As the resistance is inserted to the circuit, the
field current decreases thus decreasing the
magnetic flux, the effect is increasing in the
speed.
- The speed of the motor is inversely
proportional to the magnetic flux.

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 21
 DC Motor Speed Control

1 ZPN
N

N Eb Eb  60a
• The speed of a motor is inversely proportional
to its magnetic flux
• The speed of the motor is directly
proportional to its back emf

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 22
 Problem 1
• A 240V shunt motor draws 24 A. It has an
armature resistance of 0.10 ohm and a shunt-
field resistance of 60 ohm.
• Find a.) the starting current
– B.)the starting rheostat in order to lessen the
starting current to 120 % of full load current
– C.) the full load torque at 1800 rpm
– D.) the starting torque if it is 250 % of full load
torque

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 23
 Problem 2
• A 240V shunt motor draws 24 A. It has an
armature resistance of 0.10 ohm and a shunt-
field resistance of 60 ohm.
• Find a.) the HP output
– B.) %ɳ
– C.) %ɳ if stray loss is 100 W
– D.) %ɳ if core loss is 120 W, rotational loss = 30 W
– E.) %SR if the full load torque is 18 N-m, core loss,
friction loss and stray loss are neglected, Speed no
load is 2600 rpm

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 24
 Problem 3
• A 240V series motor draws 36 A. It has an
armature resistance of 0.10 ohm and a series-
field resistance of 0.03 ohm.
• Find a.) the HP output
• B. the torque at 2400 rpm speed
• C. the torque at 3600 rpm speed
• D. efficiency at 2400 rpm speed

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 25
 Problem 4
• A 240V short shunt motor draws 46 A. It has an
armature resistance of 0.06 ohm and a series-
field resistance of 0.03 ohm. Rsh = 60 ohm
• Find
a. the torque at 2400 rpm rated speed
b. efficiency at half load if core loss is 600 W.

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 26
 Problem 5
• A 230V long shunt motor has an HP output of 25
HP. It has an armature resistance of 0.06 ohm
and a series-field resistance of 0.03 ohm. Rsh =
60 ohm
Find
a. the half load torque at 1800 rpm rated speed
b. efficiency at 70% load.

JURIEVE R. BAGAY 27
JURIEVE R. BAGAY 28
“There is no shortcut
to success, you have to
take the stairs.”
JURIEVE R. BAGAY
29
THANK YOU!

JURIEVE R. BAGAY JURIEVE R. BAGAY 30