Both stages of photosynthests run

day. With stornatadcreedc, tO

Hants can break down the! lucose they riisatkoereind tissues rises. an ceyn.
the Calvin • Benson cycle to access t he eni. rg) outcome can reduce t are
b e c a u s e
in its bonds_ However. of tt,huedgilbti,c,:e et; tooth "s." s„e. Ruhisc,
oinverteil at once to sucrose ,depen .hent Calvin
they
-
compete called hot„res:—..
Benson for its active ... 5,5
pathways that conclude the lig 1,11 Brain;
rea ctions. lixcess glucose is stored a s stare
initiates p-a‘thd:,:yvcaattaeLhpinS
chloropla st stfyrna. When sugars are need ot n aaltst7acinh'ing 0, to RuBP. Photorespi, .1
other parts of the plant. the starch is broken down inefficient way to produce us rs
g ahec
,t1, - „ , .
Ada.
mkt rrh,t1o1,1, OpOrtCd from the cell. more ATP and NADPH than thet) t,
ADAPTATIONS: ALTERNATYS IVE F19.,
cede, and it produces CO, t pigi .
CARBON-FIXING PATHWA The detrimental effects of phut • ,h ot .
Skit plants have .1 thin, waterproof cuticle that I
greatest in C3 plants, which fix
i in its evaporatine water loss from their aboveground
Calvin-Benson cycle only (they arc cal,
parts. Gases cannot diffuse across the cuticle, but
ox, gen produced by the light-dependent reactions
because a three-carbon molecule. PC
must escape the plant, and carbon dioxide needed stable intermediate to form in their light that
for the Calvin-Benson cycle must enter it. Thus. reactions). C3 plants have no way to ci the
the surfaces of leaves and stems are studded with a decline in CO, level when stomata dew
tiny, closable gaps called stomata (Fig. 10-32). When day, so sugar production becomes le,
stomata are open, CO2 diffuses from the air into efficient with rising daytime temperatuts plants
photosynthetic tissues, and 0, diffuses out of the compensate for photorespiration by maltul a lot of
tissues into the air. Stomata close to conserve water ruhisco: It is the most abundant protein an
on hot, dry days. When that happens, gas exchange Earth.
comes to a halt. C4 plants compensate foe rubisco's inefficiew by
using an additional set of reactions (they are al!e C4
plants because a tour-carbon molecule.
oxaloacetate. is the first stable intermediate to iors
in their light-independent reactions). Examplesm
corn, switchgrass, anti bamboo. These piano
dose stomata on dry days, but their sugar prodato
does not decline. C4 plants fix carbon mitt, to "p6
kinds of cells (Figs. l0-33b and Fig, Ill 4,
set of reactions occurs in mesophvil

Fig., 10-32
catbonisftudityan enzyme that does not use t'isf. "cud
stomata on the surface of a leaf. When thesetiny this C4the CathQn diacide Irici leP".Thcri":'
are open. gases are exchanged beiwean Oak's
ibt pores
Pathwrha four-carbon lad. is iring"lei: to
internal tissues and air. Stomata close es conserve
bundie-sheath cells. Thae. it is converted t. CO CO
wa,
nibiswentersthefixec"„c: .rbo,n for the ,e,no.1
— - - a wn t, Cie