Electric Machines

CH 8
By
Hassan Khalid
Department of Electrical Engineering
DC Machinery Fundamental

Electrical Mechanical Motor

Mechanism
Energy Energy

Mechanical Electrical
Energy Mechanism Generator
Energy

Electrical
Reference Ac Machine Commutation
IAC, VAC Energy
signal
8.1: A Single Rotating Loop between curved
pole
8.1: A Single Rotating Loop between curved
pole
• The rotating part is termed as rotor and the stationary part is named
as stator
• Place a single loop of wire between the north and south pole
• The magnetic field will be generated between the north and south
pole
• Loop of wire lies between the curved slot of ferromagnetic core
• The reluctance of air is much higher than the reluctance of iron
• In order to minimize the reluctance of the flux, the magnetic flux
must take the shortest rout between the poles and rotor surface
8.1: A Single Rotating Loop between curved
pole
• The magnetic lines of forces cut the loop perpendicularly in order to
keep minimum distance
• Uniform reluctance means magnetic flux density is constant
8.1 The voltage induced in rotating loop
• By rotating the machine; voltage is induced in wire
• Consider the rectangular wire placed in a plane; sides ab and cd are
perpendicular to plane; while, bc and da are parallel to the plane
• The magnitude exist everywhere where the field is constant;
otherwise its zero beyond plane
• Segment ab: the coil rotates with a velocity (v), magnetic field (B)
points out of plane
• V & B are perpendicular to each other
• So the induced voltage is given by
• Segment bc: VxB is either in or out of page
• Where as length (L) is perpendicular to VxB
• Segment cd: is similar to segment ab; segment da is same as cb
• Total induced voltage is sum of all segment
V= rw

A=prl
8.1: Getting DC Voltage out of the Rotating
Loop
• A dc voltage can be obtained by using two semiconducting contactors
to the end of outputs
• The angle is adjusted such that; instants when voltage is zero;
contacts short circuits the two segments
• This switching mechanism is called “commutation”
8.1: The Induced Torque in the Rotating Loop
• How much torque will be produced in the loop when the switch is
closed and a current is allowed to flow into it?
Determination
Example: 8.1
• A simple rotating loop between curved pole faces connected to a
battery and a resistor through a switch. The resistor shown models
the total resistance of the battery and the wire in the machine. The
physical dimensions and characteristics of this machine are