Electric Motor

Definition: Electric motor is the electro-mechanical machine which converts the electrical energy
into mechanical energy. The working principle of the electric motor mainly depends on the
interaction of magnetic and electric field.The electric motor is mainly classified into two types.
They are the AC motor and the DC motor.

Rotor[edit]
Main article: Rotor (electric)
In an electric motor, the moving part is the rotor, which turns the shaft to deliver the mechanical
power. The rotor usually has conductors laid into it that carry currents, which interact with the
magnetic field of the stator to generate the forces that turn the shaft. Alternatively, some rotors
carry permanent magnets, and the stator holds the conductors.

Bearings[edit]
The rotor is supported by bearings, which allow the rotor to turn on its axis. The bearings are in
turn supported by the motor housing. The motor shaft extends through the bearings to the outside
of the motor, where the load is applied. Because the forces of the load are exerted beyond the
outermost bearing, the load is said to be overhung.[59]

Stator[edit]
Main article: Stator
The stator is the stationary part of the motor's electromagnetic circuit and usually consists of
either windings or permanent magnets. The stator core is made up of many thin metal sheets,
called laminations. Laminations are used to reduce energy losses that would result if a solid core
were used.

Windings[edit]
Main article: Windings
Windings are wires that are laid in coils, usually wrapped around a laminated soft iron magnetic
core so as to form magnetic poles when energized with current.
The Commutator: Basics
It is a metal ring divided into two halves. It reverses the electrical current in the coil each time
the coil rotates half a turn. The commutator periodically reverses the current between the rotor
and the external circuit, or the battery. This ensures that the ends of coils do not move in opposite
directions, and ensures that the axle spins in one direction.

Motor Housing

Outside of the electric motor we will see an iron plate that is used to protect all parts of the
electric motor. In addition, motor housing also serves to protect us as the user of a very high
rotation rotors.

Brushes and Terminals

At one end of the motor are the brushes and the terminals. They are at the opposite end from
where the rotor exits the motor casing. The brushes send electrical current to the commutator and
are typically made of graphite. The terminals are the locations where the battery attaches to the
motor and sends the current to spin the rotor.

What Do Electric Motors Do

Electric motors use electricity and magnets to cause rotation. Two battery leads are connected to
metal pieces called brushes that allow electricity to flow into an electromagnet that is connected
to the axle. As electricity is passed to the electromagnet, the field magnet attracts and repels the
electromagnet which causes the axle to spin. It is this magnetic rotation that allows all
mechanical devices to work

) Rotational speed is a direct function of the power frequency. Very simply, if you drop
the frequency, the motor will slow down. Conversely, if you raise the frequency, the motor will
speed up. The speed change that results will be proportional to the frequency change.
when the frequency is icreased,
then the time required by the rotating magnetic field to complete one cycle is decreased.
Since the roror follows the rotating magnetic field, that mean the rotor requirs less time to
complete one rotation, or in other words the rotor totates in higher speed.

I notice that the higher the number of poles, the slower the induction motor spins. Likewise, the
lower the number of poles, the faster it spins. How does the number of poles affect its speed?
Also, does the number of poles have any effect on its output torque?