+RPHU6RIWZDUH

$SULO
2NLQDZD(QHWHFK&R,QF

What is HOMER

HOMER(HybridOptimizationofMultipleElectricRenewables).

HOMER simplifies the task of designing of distributed generation

(DG) systems  both on and offgrid for a variety of applications.

Inconfigurationofthesystemhelpsin
䞉 Whatcomponentsdoesitmakesensetoincludeinthesystem
design
䞉 Howmanyandwhatsizeofeachcomponentshouldyouuse.

HOMER'soptimizationandsensitivityanalysisalgorithmsmakeit
easiertoevaluatethemanypossiblesystemconfigurations

2
 Corecapabilities
Simulation, Optimization, Sensitivity
Analysis

Simulation: At its core, HOMER is a simulation model. It will attempt to simulate

a viable system for all possible combinations of the equipment that you wish to
consider. Depending on how you set up your problem, HOMER may simulate
hundreds or even thousands of systems.

Optimization: The optimization step follows all simulations. The simulated

systems are sorted and filtered according to criteria that you define, so that you
can see the best possible fits. Although HOMER fundamentally is an economic
optimization model, you may also choose to minimize fuel usage.

Sensitivity analysis: This is an optional step that allows you to model the
impact of variables that are beyond your control, such as wind speed, fuel costs,
etc, and see how the optimal system changes with these variations

HOMER® Pro can help you design the best micropower system to suit your
needs.
HOMER Pro lets you:
Evaluate off-grid or grid-connected power system designs
Choose the best system based on cost, technical requirements, or
environmental considerations
Simulate many design configurations under market price uncertainty and
evaluate risk
Choose the best addition or retrofit for an existing system
The HOMER Support Site has many resources to help you wit
.Create a system with a load, generator, wind turbine, batteries, and a system
converter.
.Perform an economic optimization to find the best combination of battery
bank, converter, generator, and wind turbine quantities and capacities.
.Perform a sensitivity analysis to investigate how results are affected by fuel
price, wind speed, and load size.
.Explore the effect of interest rate on the optimal system type.

4
 STEPS IN THE USE OF HOMER SOFTWARE

Step 1: Create a new HOMER file
Ὁtitle,author,andnotes
(projectdescription)ifdesired.
ὉProjectLocation
ὉResources(1)
ὉSensitiveanalysisvaluesinput

ὉCreateasyntheticloadfromaprofile
Step 2: Load profile
ὉImportaloadfromatimeseriesfile

ὉComponentsettings(Generators,PV,
Step 3: System Design WindTurbine,battery,Flywheel,
Converter

ὉInputdataofSolar,Wind,
Step 4: Resources
Temperature,Fuels,Hydrokinetic

Step 5: Calculation & Analysis ὉHOMERsimulationsresults

Step 1: Create a new HOMER file

A HOMER file contains all of the information about the technology options,
component costs and resource availability required to analyze power system
designs. The HOMER file also contains the results of any calculations HOMER
makes as part of the optimization and sensitivity analysis processes. HOMER
file names end in .hmr, for example:

6
Step 1: Create a new HOMER file

Step 2: Load profile

8
Step 2: Load profile

Step 2: Load profile

Saveintxt.file

1houreach365daysdata

10
Step 3: System Design (Generator)

11

Step 3: System Design (Generator)

12
Step 3: System Design (Generator)

13

Step 3: System Design (Generator)

14
Step 3: System Design (PV)

15

Step 3: System Design (PV)

16
Step 3: System Design (PV)

17

Step 3: System Design (Wind Turbine)

18
Step 3: System Design (Wind Turbine)

19

Step 3: System Design (Wind Turbine)

20
Step 3: System Design (Converter)

21

Step 3: System Design (Battery)

22
Step 3: System Design (Battery)

23

Step 4: Resources

24
Step 4: Resources

25

Step 4: Resources

26
Step 4: Resources

27

Step 4: Resources

28
Step 4: Resources

29

Step 4: Resources

30
Step 5: Calculation & Analysis

The schematic on the left side of the window :

Notice the "Required Changes": add a system converter (since you have
components on the AC and DC buses) and add a wind resource (since you have
a wind turbine). "Model does not match results" indicates that you have changed
the model since the last time "Calculate" was performed. We have added a wind
turbine and batteries since then.
Red items are required changes and will prevent calculations. Yellow items are
important warnings, and green items are suggestions.

31

Step 5: Calculation & Analysis

Click the "Calculate" button in the upper-right corner of the HOMER window.
You'll see the results screen, which consists of two related tables. Sensitivity
cases are listed in the top table, and simulation runs are listed in the bottom table.
You can double click the entry in the lower table to show the detailed "simulation
results" for that simulation.

32
Step 5: Calculations & Analysis

HOMER will run a few thousand simulations, and the results tables will display. In
the upper table, each row corresponds to one sensitivity case. For each case, the
configuration for the lowest net present cost system is listed.
Click on the column headings to sort by the different parameters. If you select a
sensitivity case, the lower table will show all system configurations that were
simulated for that case. Infeasible system configurations are not included.

33

Step 5: Calculations & Analysis

34
Step 5: Calculations & Analysis

35

Step 5: Calculations & Analysis

36
You can also edit the search space in the search space editor. Go to the System
tab and click on the "Search Space" button. You will see the values 16 and 24 that
you just added to the battery search space.
Add the number 2 to the column "G10 Quantity" to include 2 in the wind turbine
search space.
Add 10 and 20 kW to the "Gen10 Capacity" search space. Click OK.

37

Thankyouverymuchforyour
attention

ắฌᎮẝụầểạắằẟộẲẺ

38
 Feed-In Tariff System

August, 2015

Okinawa Enetech

Supporting Instruments for Renewable Energy (RE)

 To promote RE

Fixed type (FIT)

Price base Feed-in Tariff

Premium type (FIP)
(Demand pull) (FIT)

Production tax credit

(PTC)
Tax Credit
Subsidy Investment tax credit
(ITC) / Subsidy to invest
Spread base
(Tech. push,
Quota type) Renewable Portfolio
Tradable Green Standard (RPS)
Certificate
(TGC)
Tender
1
 Feed-In Tariff (FIT)
 An governmental assistance to accelerate
dissemination of RE
 Provides profit by lowering investor's cost at initial
stage

Mechanism of FIT
Tariff level at the specified time

Once contracted, power tariff is

Tariff for Mr. A constant during a specific period
time
(10 – 20 years)
Installed
Tariff for Mr. B Lower tariff for later comer
Tariff

by Mr. A

Installed
by Mr. B

Year
 On installation, tariff during a specific period time is determined.
 Easy to estimate rough balance at initial stage
 Lowered tariff in later stage is not applied to installed facilities.
 Dissemination speed can be controlled by tariff. 3
Feed-In Tariff (FIT)
 An governmental assistance to accelerate
dissemination of RE
 Provides profit by lowering investor's cost at initial
stage

 Allows RE generators (auto producer) to sell their

electricity at a fixed price per kWh
 Spain and Germany have been applying FIT
systems during the last years very successfully
 But in Japan, ...

Japanese Case
 FIT has been started in 2012. (after Fukushima)
 42 JPY (4.43 SCR, 0.34 USD) / kWh for PV, No total limit
 Resource is avoided fuel cost + surcharge on tariff
⇒ Subdivision business of Mega-solar
• Elec. Business Act doesn’t cover RE < 50kW: no strict regulation
 Revised system in April 2014
 38 JPY JPY (4.01 SCR, 0.31 USD) / kWh for PV
 Prohibited subdivision of mega-solar
⇒ In march, application of 27,000MW PV received
 But, revision was too late.
 From September 2014, 5 utilities refused new PV connection
 Unlimited curtailment of PV output w/o compensation
5
FIT (Germany) vs Quota (UK): Wind Gen.

Striking effect of FIT in

cost and dissemination,
even though better wind
condition in UK.

Anticipated Price of Wind

Energy in Germany and the UK

Installed Capacity in Germany

and the UK (1990 - 2003)
Lucy Butler et. al. “Comparison of Feed in Tariff, Quota and
Auction Mechanisms to Support Wind Power Development”
6

World trend (Upper-middle income countries - 1)

7
World trend (Upper-middle income countries - 2)

World Trend
 Beginning of 2012
 65 countries and 27 states/provinces use FIT.
 New comer: Netherland, Syria, Palestine and Rwanda
 18 countries and 58 states/provinces/ regions use Quota/RPS.
 US, India, Canada …

 We can apply;
①FIT
②Other instruments, such as investment subsidy, low interest
loan, tax credit and etc.,
③①＋②

9
 FIT design: General condition
 Tariff & duration
 Based on generation cost or avoided external cost

 Limit of total RE volume & revision of tariffs

 Monitoring of PV penetration is essential.
10

Net Metering (1)

Net Metering FIT
(one meter, bi-directional)
PV 30 PV 30

Sell 30
House
Sell 20 wiring
In-house
Buy 0 In-house Buy 10 consumption 10
consumption 10

Bi-directional metering Install dedicated meter for

PV output

 Good for energy saving  Small effect for energy saving

 No change for existing wiring  Need change on existing wiring
 NG for small energy seller  Good for small energy seller
 Typical for residential house  Must for public and industrial user
 Utility and public owned facility

11
Net Metering (2)

 Measured with a bi-directional meter or a pair of

unidirectional meters spinning in opposite directions.
Advantages Disadvantages

Additional financial incentives for RE

Revenue losses for electricity utilities
might induce them to raise their
Awareness for energy consumption is prices
enhanced
Incentives for consumers to adjust Remuneration too low for PV without
their load to their generation further incentives
Decentralization and higher efficiency Profitable to producers only if
in electricity-use consumption is not considerably
lower than production in case energy
consumed is compensated with
energy produced (see Italy)

12

FIT by Energy Nautics: Methodology & Rates

 With parameters shown in APPENDIX D
 FIT duration: 15 and 20 years
 W/ and w/o PV rebate
 Seychelles FIT MODEL (Excel) with annual 10% of ROE as a Goal
 FIT rates is calculated by Goal Seek function of Excel

13
FIT by Energy Nautics: Impact to PUC (1)

14

FIT by Energy Nautics: Impact to PUC (2)

 Scenario 3 (No Policy): No reverse power flow, no power selling

 Scenario 2, 3 could not be got by re-calculation.
 Reduced fuel cost is added in this analysis. However, this is not valid in
Profit/Loss Table calculation in accounting.
15
FIT by Energy Nautics: Conclusion

 Gross FIT is the cheapest measure

 Recommend 20 years duration
 Parallel with existing Net-Metering program
 Choose between Gross FIT Program or Net
Metering in near term
 Phase-out Net-Metering in 5 years
 More residential PV rather than commercial one
 More PV rather than Wind

16

FIT by Energy Nautics: Appendix

 APPENDIX E: Sensitivity analysis
 Parameters
 PV cost: $2.10/W or $3.20/W
 Full Load Hour: 1400 FLH or 1500 FLH
 Get FIT rates and then estimate impacts to PUC

 APPENDIX F: Impacts to installer & PUC in 100kW PV installation

 Parameters
 Residential 100kW or Commercial 100kW
 With very cheap FIT rates
 From the view point of installer, no merit in FIT.
 No Policy is better.
17
 Grid Code
- Technical guideline for grid connection -

August, 2015

Okinawa Enetech

Distributed Generation

Grid

Distributed
generation

G Distribution
substation

Feeder

2
2
Frequency Control
To keep the frequency constant, the amount of electric
power supply and demand must be the same.
The balance of supply and demand is
important to keep the frequency constant.

50 HZ

Demand Supply
( consuming) (generating)

Adequate demand forecast To keep frequency constant,

and ensuring reserve margin control generating output
3

Feeder Voltage
Voltage control of feeder by electric power company

Distribution substation Reverse power flow

High voltage

Low
voltage

Can control
voltage by
monitoring
reverse flow
from dispersed Dispersed
generation, Generation
but…
Voltage
Light load
Heavy load
Proper
voltage

Distance from substation

4
The Merit of Grid interconnection (1)

Grid
Hard to keep
system
voltage

Distributed
generation
× Disconnected
from grid
Distribution ↓
G
substation Hard to keep
system
frequency
Feeder

Islanding Operation

Substation

②
CB break ③

① Crane touches feeder. ② Fault detection, then CB break.

※PV system is running (islanding operation)
③ Threat of electrical shock for worker near crane and public.

6
 Grid Code: Major requirements
 Grid parameters  Protection requirement
 Frequency  Voltage regulation
 Voltage  Frequency disturbance
 Unintentional islanding detection
• Possibility of harmful effect  Fault ride through
 Power quality to other customers via grid
 Disconnection
 DC injection • Become harder to operate  Re-connection and synchronization
grid in maintaining power
 Flicker quality and/or maintenance  Grounding
 Harmonics  Short circuit capacity
 Surge withstand capability
 Power factor
 Others
 Harmonization of technical
 Safety and isolation
standards among and within
 Safe intentional islanding
countries
operation
 Isolation device
 Operation during utility system • Public safety should be
assured especially for
outage distribution line which is
 Control of faults when in grid- easily accessible to public.

connected mode 7

Certificate of Inverter
 UL174 / IEEE1547
 Standard for Inverters, Converters, Controllers and
Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed
Energy Resources
 CAN/CSA-C22.2 NO. 107.1
 General Use Power Supplies
 AS4777.2 & .3
 Grid connection of energy systems via inverters Part 2: Inverter
requirements, Part 3: Grid protection requirements
 VDE0126-1-1
 Automatic disconnection device between a generator and the
public low-voltage grid
 TÜV / IEC62109-1 IEC62109-2
 Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems
- Part 1: General requirements, Part 2: Particular requirements
for inverters
 EN62109-1 EN62109-2
 Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power system
-Part 1: General requirement, Part 2: Particular requirements for
inverters

8
UL 1741 certificate: a recommended inverter
For example, SMA Sunny Boy

Detection of islanding operation

Example of detection method
Active detection
 Add disturbance signal from generator to grid continuously
 On power outage, detect increased response to disturbance signal
 Secure detection, but need several seconds
Passive detection
 On power outage, detect phase change of P, Q balance
 Possible instant detection
 But used as backup of active detection for grid connected generator in
high voltage, because of little change at rotating generator

→ Use multiple detection to detect surely

10
 Search inverter w/UL 1741 certificate
http://database.ul.com/cgi-bin/XYV/cgifind.new/LISEXT/1FRAME/index.html

(1) QIKH

(2) SEARCH

11

Grid Connection Approval

 The application Process

 Who is responsible for analysis/approval
 Demarcation of cost for installation & connnection
 Safety and protection requirement
 Testing and commissioning procedure
 Communication and information exchange

12
 Tech. review process flow chart (HECO)

Initial
Technical Supplemental
Review Review

Interconnection
Requirement
Study

13

SGC13: System Voltage (1)

 The distribution system network operates at the nominal voltages
indicated in the table below:

Low Voltage (LV) 230 Volts – phase to neutral

400 Volts – phase to phase
Medium Voltage (MV) 11,000 Volts (11kV)
33,000 Volts (33kV)

 The low voltage range tolerance is 230V +/- 10% (phase to neutral).
The resulting voltage at different points on the system is expected to
be in accordance with the table below under steady state and normal
operating conditions.
Nominal Voltage (phase-phase) Steady-state Tolerance

400V +/- 10%

11kV +/- 10%

33kV +/- 10%

 Generators may not disconnect due to voltage deviation as long as

the system voltage remains within the given ranges. 14
SGC12: Frequency Rating and Limits (1)

 The nominal frequency of the distribution system voltage is 50Hz.

The deviation of the average frequency over a 30-day period
should be kept as close to zero as possible by PUC. Under
normal operating conditions the mean value measured over 10s
of the fundamental frequency shall be within a range of: 50Hz –
5/+3% (i.e. 47.5 to 51.5Hz). Generators shall not disconnect
due to frequency deviation as long as the system frequency
remains within the following ranges:
 47.0 Hz – 47.5 Hz: for 20 seconds
 47.5 Hz – 49.0 Hz: for 90 minutes
 49.0 Hz – 51.0 Hz: unlimited
 51.0 Hz – 51.5 Hz: for 90 minutes
 51.5 Hz – 52.0 Hz: for 15 minutes

15

SGC18: Maximum Frequency Gradient

 Generators shall withstand frequency gradients of up to

2.0 Hz per second in either direction without tripping as
long as the steady state frequency limits are not exceeded.

 Rationale
 Measurement data from Mahé collected by Energynautics
suggest that frequency gradients of more than 1.0 Hz per
second can occur occasionally. Such steep frequency
gradients are due to the low inertia in the system and
should not cause generator tripping, as significant loss of
generation would lead to more severe problems.

16
SGC24: Power factor control mode (1)

 Generation plants that allow control of reactive power output

shall operate at a fixed power factor to be assigned by PUC
upon installation. If no specific other value is given by PUC, the
desired fixed power factor shall be 0.9 (overexcited). Any other
power factor assigned by PUC must be within the range
specified as required in SGC14. Upon request by PUC, the
generator operator shall adjust the configured power factor set-
point to a new value within:
 one month for generation plants without a communication and
control interface (≤ 100 kW)
 one minute for generation plants with remote control interface
(rated power above 100 kW)
 The power factor may be measured at the generator terminals.
17

SGC25: Fault ride-through (1)

 Generators above 10 kW nominal power must not disconnect
from the grid due to voltage drops above the blue line in the
following figure, representing the smallest line-to-line voltage at
the generator terminals:
120

100
Voltage in per cent (%)

80

60

40

20

0
‐500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Time in milliseconds

18
SGC27: Description of system protection (1)

 The purpose of system protection is to safely and reliably disconnect the generator
from the grid in case of unsafe conditions of voltage and frequency. The following
protection functions must be implemented:

 Limits apply to the half-cycle effective value (RMS), except for “U>” (Overvoltage (1)),
which shall be based upon a 10- minute moving average. Any single limit violation
must reliably trigger disconnection.
 Generators below 10 kW nominal power may disconnect due to “U<” (Undervoltage)
or “U>” (Overvoltage (1)) with shorter time delays than the disconnection times
listed above.
 Generators above 100 kW nominal power must automatically disconnect from the
grid after 0.5 seconds if all line-line voltages are below 0.85 p.u. and the generator
consumes inductive reactive power at the same time. 19

Example: Trip Setting of SMA Sunny Boy

20
 RepublicofSeychelles
ProjectforFormulationofMasterPlanfor
DevelopmentofMicroGrid System

OkinawaEnetechCo.Inc. EnergyDevelopmentDepartment
LuisKakefuku,MasanoriShimabuku,ChihiroTobaru,YumaUezu
JunHagihara,NoboruYumoto
0

INDEX
1.OkinawaEnetechOverview
2.ProjectIntroduction
3.Supportmattersfortheproject
3.1Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
䞉SummaryofissueswithstablegridoperationsduetohighREpenetration
䞉ShortperiodissuesShortageoffrequencyadjustablemargin
䞉Longperiodissues– Surplusenergy
䞉SortingoutPVinterconnectionconstraints
3.2MethodforcaculatingtheamountofREdeployable
䞉Algebraicmethod/shortperiodconstraints
䞉UsingHomersoftware/longperiodconstraints
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem
䞉Technicalassistanceinplanninganddesign
䞉UseofSketchUp software
3.4Resultsoftheproject
䞉MaheIs.
䞉PraslinIs.,LaDigueIs.
䞉Desroches Is.
䞉CurieuseIs.
3.5Optimizingoperationofexistingdieselgenset
䞉Economicalloaddispatchoperationmethod䞉EDC
3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉GridCode
䞉IncentivesforPVsystem
4.MasterPlanforSeychelles(draft) 1
1.OkinawaEnetechOverview
႑ CompanyOverview
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㻻㼗㼕㼚㼍㼣㼍㻌㻱㼚㼑㼠㼑㼏㼔㻌㼣㼍㼟㻌㼑㼟㼠㼍㼎㼘㼕㼟㼔㼑㼐㻌㼍㼟㻌㼍㼚㻌㼍㼒㼒㼕㼘㼕㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼏㼛㼙㼜㼍㼚㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㻻㼗㼕㼚㼍㼣㼍㻌㻱㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼕㼏㻌
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㼟㼡㼜㼑㼞㼢㼕㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼕㼏㻌㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼒㼍㼏㼕㼘㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻚

„ Corporateinfo „ Businessareas
Ὁ Name:OkinawaEnetechCo.,Ltd. (1)Civilengineeringdesign
Ὁ Location:Urasoe,OkinawaPrefecture (2)Building&facilitiesdesign
Ὁ Capital:40millionyen (3)Environmentalsurvey
Ὁ Established:May10,1994 (4)Designofpowerfacilities
Ὁ No.ofemployees:63 (5)Renewableenergy
(6)Overseasprojects

1.OkinawaEnetechOverview
႑ Organizationchart

Boardmember

Management Engineering Energy

dept. dept. developmentdept.

Administration
division

Salesdivision
Civil Power Substation Energy Environment
engineering transmission group group group
group &distribution
group

3
1.OkinawaEnetechOverview
႑ Introductionofdomesticenergyrelatedbusiness

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㼒㼍㼏㼕㼘㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟

㻿㼛㼘㼍㼞 㼃㼕㼚㼐㻌
㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞 㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞
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㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞 㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞

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VWXG\ VXSHUYLVLRQ 

1.OkinawaEnetechOverview
႑ ElectricPowerrelatedworks

Support of engineers for management of

construction work at Yoshinoura LNG
power generation plant

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GHVLJQDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQZRUN
PDQDJHPHQWIRUWKHLQVWDOODWLRQRI
QHZ'*VLQUHPRWHLVODQGV

Survey, planning, and design of

transmission lines

Underground power line

construction work management

3ODQQLQJDQGGHVLJQRISRZHU
JHQHUDWLRQIDFLOLWLHVIXHOVWRUDJH
WDQN

S
Source: Okinawa Electric Power Company
䛂
Okinawa electric Power Company 2010 - 2011 䛃
5
1.OkinawaEnetechOverview
႑ RenewablesEnergyrelatedworks

Structural reengineering of foreign-made WT Survey, planning, and construction work

tower to ensure compliance with Japanese management of 4 MW solar power project in
standard Miyako Island

Survey, planning, and construction work Survey, planning, and construction management
management of 200 kW PV project in Kita Daito of 240 kW PV project at an agricultural products
Island processing plant in Higashi Village (Okinawa
mainland)

1.OkinawaEnetechOverview
႑ Overseas RenewableEnergyRelatedWorks

Seychelles

7
1.OkinawaEnetechOverview
႑ Overseas RenewableEnergyRelatedWorks

Participation in OEPC NEDO project in Laos. General base plan, PV system design, construction work management, and validation
Research (Micro Hydro + PV + capacitor)

Participation in demonstrative Performance evaluation of renewable Preparatory study for sustainable system
research project for energy system in Mongolia development project for remote islands
interconnected PV system in (operation of diesel generators) (JICA project)
Thailand

2.ProjectIntroduction

9
2.ProjectIntroduction
႑ Background
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10

2.ProjectIntroduction
႑ PurposeoftheProject
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႑ Supportareasfortheproject
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11
2.ProjectIntroduction
䕔Supportareasfortheproject
[Required Specifications]
䐟 LFC adjustability
PV э Operation method/specifications for
Rated intro. amount generator
Fluctuation rate
䐠 Frequency adjustable margin
э Total demand (kW)
Demand fluctuation
PV э System constant (% kW / Hz)
Output fluctuation range э Allowable frequency fluctuation
range (Hz)

䐡 Demand fluctuation
э Demand data (resolution: a few
Frequency adjustable margin
seconds)
LFC adjustability
䐢 PV connectable to the grid (fluctuation rate)
э Solar radiation intensity data
(resolution: a few seconds)

Maximum allowable
Planning of PV system
amount of renewables

Seychelles

Optimizing operation of Legal system related to

existing diesel gen. sets renewables

12

2.ProjectIntroduction
႑ Expectedresultsoftheproject
䘟 Formulation of a remote island microgrid master plan.

䘟 Evaluation of the maximum allowable amount of RE that can be

interconnected to the grid and transfer of the evaluation methods.

䘟 Presentation of sample plans and designs of hybrid systems

(photovoltaic-diesel generation), and transfer of design technology.

䘟 Proposal for improving power plant efficiency by improving power

plant operation and transfer of optimization technology

13
2.ProjectIntroduction
႑ Implementationcooperationstructure
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Japan Side Seychelles Side

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႑ 6FKHGXOH
This project is conducted from March 2015 through June 2016.
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14

2.ProjectIntroduction
䕔Targetisland fortheproject
Thesurveywas conductedonMaheIsland,PraslinIsland,
LaDigueIsland,CurieuseIsland,andDesrochesIsland.

www.Africaguide.com
15
 3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.1Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
䞉Summaryofissueswithstablegridoperationsdue
tohighREpenetration
䞉ShortperiodissuesShortageoffrequency
adjustability
䞉Longperiodissues– Surplusenergy
䞉SortingoutPVinterconnectionconstraints

16

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.1Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
¾IssueswiththeimplementationofRE
PV
Features
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17
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.1 Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
¾Shortperiodissues䞉 VariabilityofRE
PVandwindpoweroutputfluctuatesaccordingtochangesinweather
conditionssuchassolarradiationandwindspeed.
䖃 PVpowergeneration 䖃 Windpowergeneration
Rated output
Output ratio (generation output/rated output

(1,100kW)

Clear
Cloudy
Rain

Output

Source䠖 TheFederationofElectricPowerCompaniesof
Japan,Electricbusinessandnewenergy20092010

18

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.1 Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
¾Shortperiodissues䞉 EnergyBalance
• Influenceoffrequencyfluctuation
Sinceelectricitycannotbestored,theamountofproductionand
consumptionhastobeequal(principleofthesameamountatatime).Ifthis
isnotmaintained,frequencyvaries.
Frequency 5(

Supply Demand
(Production) (Consumption)

Demand (consumption) 䠚 Supply (production) эFrequency drop

Demand (consumption) 䠘 Supply (production) эFrequency increase

Whenexceedingacertainamount,fluctuationscannotbecompensatedforby
increasingordecreasingtheoutputofthermalpowergeneratorswhichmay
leadtotheinabilitytomaintainaconstantfrequency(60Hz).
19
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.1 Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
¾Issuesofvoltageincreasingindistributionlines

Output
PVsystem curtailment

Distribution
substation 100V

6,600V
Currentflow Reversepowerflow(PVoutput
currentflowstowardpowerstation)
107V With
reverse
Appropriate
powerflow
voltagerange Voltage
䠄101㼼6V䠅
Without
reverse
95V powerflow

Distancefromtransformerindistributionsubstation
20

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.1 Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
¾Longperiodissues䞉 Surplusenergy
Thermalpowergeneratorshaveanoperationallowerlimit,andoutputcannot
bereducedbelowthisvalue.Whenthislevelisreached,thetotalpower
generationamountofthePVandthermalpowergeneratorsexceedsthedemand
causingthefrequencytorise.Thisaffectsthestableoperationofthethermal
powergenerators,andintheworstcase,itcouldcauseapoweroutage.

3RZHUGHPDQG0DLQLVODQGJHQHUDWRURXWSXWWRWDO

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schematic increase

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00:00      06:00      12:00      18:00     24:00

21
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.1 Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
¾ChangesingeneratorloadsharingassociatedwiththePV
integration

22

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.1Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
¾SortingoutPVinterconnectionconstraints

ShortPeriod
Constraint
䞉AlgebraicMethod
䞉YMethodSimulation

LongPeriod
Constraint LargescalePV(over50kW)
䞉Homer 䞉Commercial

Distributionline
constraints SmallscalePV(under50kW)
(Voltageconstraints)
䞉Residential
䞉Feederreversepowerflow 23
3.2MethodforcaculatingtheamountofREdeployable
䞉Algebraicmethod/shortperiodconstraints
䞉UsingHomersoftware/longperiodconstraints

24

ShortPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2 MethodforcaculatingtheamountofREdeployable

(1)Algebraicmethod(simplifiedmethod)
Ṳ Thisestimationmethodissimpleandclear.
Ṳ IthasbeenproveninJapanandishighlyreliable.
Ṳ Modelconstructionofgeneratorsisunnecessary,andwhen
expandingtheadjustabilityofgeneratorsandstoragebatteries,
estimationispossiblebyapplyingittotheLFCvalue.

(2)Simulationmethod(detailedmethod)
䕔 Thismethodreflectsthegrid’suniquecharacteristicsandisusedin
ordertoverifythevalidityofthealgebraicmethod.
䕔 Realwindandsolarpowerdataisused,soitishighlyreliable.
䕔 Itrequiresdedicatedtoolsforcalculatingandhighlyspecialized
knowledge.

25
 ShortPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2MethodforcalculatingtheamountofREdeployable
(AlgebraicMethod)

[Required Specifications]
䐟 LFC adjustability
PV э Operation method/specifications for
Rated intro. amount generator
Fluctuation rate
䐠 Frequency adjustable margin
э Total demand (kW)
Demand fluctuation
PV э System constant (% kW / Hz)
Output fluctuation range э Allowable frequency fluctuation
range (Hz)

䐡 Demand fluctuation
э Demand data (resolution: a few
Frequency adjustable margin
seconds)
LFC adjustability
䐢 PV connectable to the grid (fluctuation rate)
э Solar radiation intensity data
(resolution: a few seconds)

( Frequencyࠉadjustableࠉm argin) 2  ( LFC) 2  ( Demandࠉfluctuation) 2

PV
FluctuationࠉRate

Connectable amount (short-period) = Allowable amount of PV fluctuation / PV output fluctuation rate

26

ShortPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2MethodforcalculatingtheamountofREdeployable
(AlgebraicMethod)
DefinitionofPVoutputfluctuationrangeandchangerate
䕔 Theevaluationtimewindowissetat10min,andthe"outputfluctuationrange䇾
isthe differencebetweenthemaximumoutputandminimumoutputduring
thistime.
*SinceOkinawaisasmallisland,thesimulationisconductedwiththetime
windowsetat10minutesasthisisbelievedtobemostsuitable.
䕔 The"outputchangerate"istheresultofthefluctuationrangedividedbythe
timerequiredforthe fluctuationrange.
Maximum
᭱኱ฟຊOutput
Generation output(kW)

ฟຊኚືᖜ
Change range
Ⓨ㟁ฟຊ

᭱ᑠฟຊOutput
Minimum
ฟຊኚ໬㏿ᗘ
Change rate
Time
᫬㛫
Evaluation
ホ౯᫬㛫❆ time

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27
 ShortPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2MethodforcalculatingtheamountofREdeployable
(AlgebraicMethod)
AboutProbability(3)

1.2

1
Solar irradiance (kW/m2)

0.8

0.6

0.4 95.4% (2)

0.2
99.7% (3)
0

(%)
0 20 40 60 80 100

28

ShortPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2 MethodforcalculatingtheamountofREdeployable
(AlgebraicMethod)Resultofloadrejectiontest
The formula below expresses the relationship between power fluctuation of the grid P and frequency
fluctuation. Here, constant value is defined as the system constant. If the system constant for the grid is
known, the amount of power fluctuation that occurred can be inversely calculated from frequency deviation.
The algebraic method uses the system constant, which was estimated when conducting a load rejection test
to calculate the allowable adjustable margin, to calculate the value for the maximum allowable power
fluctuation.
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㻿㻱㼀㻌㻮㻞㻝 㻢㻚㻜㻜 䕿
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻮㻟㻝 㻢㻚㻜㻜 䕿
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻮㻠㻝 㻤㻚㻜㻜 䕿 㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑 㼙㻌㼏 㼛㼚 㼟㼠㼍㼚 㼠
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻮㻡㻝 㻤㻚㻜㻜 䕿
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻤㻮 㻠㻚㻡㻜
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻭㻞㻝 㻞㻚㻜㻢 㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼏㼛㼚㼟㼠㼍㼚㼠䠄䠂㻹㼃㻛㻴㼦㻕 㻣㻚㻥㻥
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻭㻟㻝 㻠㻚㻟㻝
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻭㻠㻝 P (%MW) = P (MW) / total rated output of parallel input
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻭㻡㻝 㻢㻚㻠㻥
㻳㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼛㼞㻌㻻㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌䠄㻹㼃㻕 㻿㻱㼀㻌㻭㻢㻝 㻢㻚㻡㻥 generators
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻮㻝㻝 㻠㻚㻠㻣
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻮㻞㻝 㻠㻚㻡㻟 K (%MW/Hz) 㸻P㸭F
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻮㻟㻝 㻠㻚㻜㻡
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻮㻠㻝 㻢㻚㻣㻞
㻿㻱㼀㻌㻮㻡㻝 㻣㻚㻞㻢 K㸸system constant
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29
 ShortPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2 MethodforcalculatingtheamountofREdeployable
(AlgebraicMethod)Resultofloadrejection

30

ShortPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2 MethodforcalculatingtheamountofREdeployable
(AlgebraicMethod)Resultofloadrejectiontest
DumpLoadtestinMahe(4MW)
10 50.2

9 50.1

8 50.0

7 49.9

6 49.8
MW

5 49.7

4 49.6

3 49.5

2 49.4

1 49.3

0 49.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

A21 A31 A51 A61 B11 B21 B31 B41 B51 F

31
 ShortPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2 MethodforcalculatingtheamountofREdeployable
(AlgebraicMethod)Resultofloadrejectiontest
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䐡 㻭㼐㼖㼡㼟㼠㼍㼎㼘㼑㻌㻲㼞㼑㼝㼡㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㻹㼍㼞㼓㼕㼚 㻟㻚㻜 㻹㼃
䐣㻰㼑㼙㼍㼚 㼐㻌㼏㼔 㼍㼚㼓㼑 㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 Totalfluctuation
㻜㻚㻣㻜 㻌㻹㼃㻌 ofPVandWind 䐩㻼㼂㻌 㼏㼔㼍㼚 㼓㼑㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑
䐢 㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼏㼛㼚㼟㼠㼍㼚㼠 㻤㻚㻜 䠂㻛㻴㼦
㻜㻚㻤 䐣 㻰㼑㼙㼍㼚㼐㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 㻜㻚㻣 㻹㼃
㻭㼘㼘㼛㼣㼍㼎㼘㼑㻌 㼒㼘㼡 㼏㼠㼡 㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻟 㻚㻜 㻜㻌㻹㼃㻌 䐤 㼃㼕㼚㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼒㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻞㻚㻠 㻹㼃
䐥 㻭㼘㼘㼛 㼣㼍㼎㼘㼑 㻌㼍㼙 㼛 㼡 㼠 㻌㼛 㼒㻌㼃 㼕㼚 㼐 㻢㻚㻜 㻹㼃
䐠㻸㻲㻯
㻜㻚㻜㻌㻹㼃㻌 䐦 㼃㼕㼚㼐㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 㻜㻚㻠 㻙
䐡㻭㼐㼖㼡 㼟㼠㼍㼎㼘㼑 㻌㻲㼞㼑㼝㼡㼑 㼚㼏㼥㻌㻹㼍㼞㼓㼕㼚
㻟 㻚㻜㻜 㻌㻹㼃㻌 䐧 㻼㼂㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼒㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻝㻚㻢 㻹㼃
䐨 㻭㼘㼘㼛 㼣㼍㼎㼘㼑 㻌㼍㼙 㼛 㼡 㼚 䡐㻌㼛 㼒㻌㻼㼂 㻞㻚㻜 㻹㼃
䐩 㻼㼂㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 㻜㻚㻤 㻙
㼀㼛㼠㼍㼘㻌㼍㼙㼛㼡㼚 㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻾㻱 㻤㻚㻜 㻹㼃

32

ShortPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2 MethodforcalculatingtheamountofREdeployable
(AlgebraicMethod)Resultofloadrejectiontest
㻰㼑㼙㼍㼚㼐 㻼㼂㻌㻲㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㻼㼂 㼃㼀 㻾㻱㻌
㻹㼍㼔㼑㻌㻵㼟㻚
㻔㻹㼃㻕 㼞㼍㼠㼑㻌㻔㻑㻕 㻔㻹㼃㻕 㻔㻹㼃㻕 㻔㻹㼃㻕
㻟㻞 㻜 㻢
㻼㼞㼛㼎㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥
㻠㻜 㻤㻜 㻜 㻢 㻢
䠄㻥㻡䠂䠅
㻡㻜 㻞 㻤
㻝㻢㻛㻜㻟㻛㻞㻜㻝㻢 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻢 㻢 㻣㻚㻢

㻰㼑㼙㼍㼚㼐 㻼㼂㻌㻲㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㻼㼂 㼃㼀 㻾㻱㻌

㻼㼞㼍㼟㼘㼕㼚㻌㻵㼟㻚
㻔㻹㼃㻕 㼞㼍㼠㼑㻌㻔㻑㻕 㻔㻹㼃㻕 㻔㻹㼃㻕 㻔㻹㼃㻕
㻠㻚㻡 㻜㻚㻠㻝 㻜㻚㻠㻝
㻼㼞㼛㼎㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥
㻡㻚㻡 㻤㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻡
䠄㻥㻡䠂䠅
㻢㻚㻡 㻜㻚㻡㻥 㻜㻚㻡㻥
㻞㻟㻛㻜㻟㻛㻞㻜㻝㻢 㻢㻚㻡 㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻥㻠 㻜 㻜㻚㻥㻠

Whensystemdemandislow, itisdifficultinterconnectPVduetosmallsystem
constant.
33
 LongPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
(UsingHomersoftware)

HOMER(HybridOptimizationofMultipleElectricRenewables).

HOMER simplifies the task of designing distributed generation (DG)

systems  both on and offgrid for a variety of applications.

Forconfigurationofthesystem,ithelpsindetermining:
䞉 Whatcomponentsdoesitmakesensetoincludeinthesystem
design
䞉 Howmanyandwhatsizeofeachcomponentshouldbeused

HOMER'soptimizationandsensitivityanalysisalgorithmsmakeit
easiertoevaluatethemanypossiblesystemconfigurations.

34

LongPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
(UsingHomersoftware)
Corecapabilities
Simulation, Optimization, Sensitivity
Analysis

Simulation: At its core, HOMER is a simulation model. It will attempt to simulate

a viable system for all possible combinations of the equipment that you wish to
consider. Depending on how you set up your problem, HOMER may simulate
hundreds or even thousands of systems.

Optimization: The optimization step follows all simulations. The simulated

systems are sorted and filtered according to criteria that you define, so that you
can see the best possible fits. Although HOMER fundamentally is an economic
optimization model, you may also choose to minimize fuel usage.

Sensitivity analysis: This is an optional step that allows you to model the
impact of variables that are beyond your control, such as wind speed, fuel costs,
etc, and see how the optimal system changes with these variations.
35
 LongPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
(UsingHomersoftware)

36

LongPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
(UsingHomersoftware)

37
 LongPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
(UsingHomersoftware)
㻴㼛㼙㼑㼞㻌㻿㼕㼙㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻾㼑㼟㼡㼘㼠㻌㼕㼚㻌㻌㻹㼍㼔㼑㻌㻵㼟㻚
㻼㼂 㼃㼀
㻱㼤㼏㼑㼟㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌 㻱㼟㼠㼕㼙㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㻵㼚㼕㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌
㻿㼏㼑㼚㼍㼞㼕㼛 㻯㼛㼟㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥 㻼㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼑㼐 㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㻑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻾㻱 㻹㼍㼤㻚㻌㻾㻱㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑
㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥 㻯㼛㼟㼠
㼞㼍㼠㼑 㼞㼍㼠㼑

㻾㻱㻌㼕㼙㼜㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㻼㼂㻌㻔㼗㼃㻕
㼃㼀㻔㼗㼃㻕 䠁㻛㼗㼃㼔 㼗㼃㼔 㻑 㻑 㻑 㻑 㻑 ὴ
㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻼㼁㻯 㻰㼛㼙㼑㼟㼠㼕㼏㻌㻼㼂
           
           
           
           
           
           
            Use of Battery Storage
           
system for long-period
constraint
           
           

           

           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           

38

LongPeriodConstraint
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.2Maximumallowableamountofrenewables
(UsingHomersoftware)
㻴㼛㼙㼑㼞㻌㻿㼕㼙㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻾㼑㼟㼡㼘㼠㻌㼕㼚㻌㻌㻼㼞㼍㼟㼘㼕㼚㻌㻔㻗㻌㻸㼍㻌㻰㼕㼓㼡㼑㻕㻌㻵㼟㻚

㻱㼤㼏㼑㼟㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌 㻼㼂 㻹㼍㼤㻚㻌㻾㻱㻌 㻱㼟㼠㼕㼙㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㻵㼚㼕㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌

ኵӳẶ̊ 㻯㼛㼟㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥 㻼㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼑㼐
㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥 㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 㼞㼍㼠㼑 㻯㼛㼟㼠
㻼㼂㻔㼗㼃㻕
㻾㻱㻌㼕㼙㼜㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻔㼗㼃㻕 䠁㻛㼗㼃㼔 㼗㼃㼔 㻑 㻑 㻑 ὴ
㻼㼁㻯
㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻠 㻠㻞㻘㻤㻣㻞㻘㻡㻤㻠 㻜㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜 㻜
㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻠 㻠㻞㻘㻤㻥㻣㻘㻞㻠㻤 㻜㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻞㻚㻡 㻞㻟㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻠 㻠㻞㻘㻥㻞㻝㻘㻥㻞㻤 㻜㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻤㻝 㻡㻚㻜 㻠㻢㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻟㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻟 㻠㻞㻘㻥㻠㻢㻘㻡㻥㻢 㻜㻚㻜 㻝㻚㻞㻝 㻣㻚㻠 㻢㻥㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻠㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻟 㻠㻞㻘㻥㻣㻝㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻝 㻝㻚㻢㻝 㻥㻚㻥 㻥㻞㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻡㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻟 㻠㻞㻘㻥㻥㻡㻘㻥㻥㻞 㻜㻚㻝 㻞㻚㻜㻝 㻝㻞㻚㻠 㻝㻘㻝㻡㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻢㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞 㻠㻟㻘㻜㻞㻜㻘㻢㻥㻢 㻜㻚㻝 㻞㻚㻠㻞 㻝㻠㻚㻥 㻝㻘㻟㻤㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻣㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞 㻠㻟㻘㻜㻠㻡㻘㻟㻡㻢 㻜㻚㻝 㻞㻚㻤㻞 㻝㻣㻚㻠 㻝㻘㻢㻝㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻤㻜㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞 㻠㻟㻘㻜㻣㻜㻘㻜㻢㻜 㻜㻚㻞 㻟㻚㻞㻞 㻝㻥㻚㻥 㻝㻘㻤㻠㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻥㻜㻜 㻥㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝 㻠㻟㻘㻜㻥㻠㻘㻣㻞㻠 㻜㻚㻞 㻟㻚㻢㻞 㻞㻞㻚㻟 㻞㻘㻜㻣㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝 㻠㻟㻘㻝㻝㻥㻘㻠㻟㻞 㻜㻚㻞 㻠㻚㻜㻞 㻞㻠㻚㻤 㻞㻘㻟㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻘㻝㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝 㻠㻟㻘㻝㻠㻠㻘㻝㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞 㻠㻚㻠㻞 㻞㻣㻚㻟 㻞㻘㻡㻟㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻘㻞㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜 㻠㻟㻘㻝㻢㻤㻘㻣㻣㻢 㻜㻚㻞 㻠㻚㻤㻞 㻞㻥㻚㻤 㻞㻘㻣㻢㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻝㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜 㻠㻟㻘㻝㻥㻟㻘㻠㻢㻤 㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻚㻞㻝 㻟㻞㻚㻟 㻞㻘㻥㻥㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻠㻜㻜 㻝㻘㻠㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜 㻠㻟㻘㻞㻝㻤㻘㻝㻤㻜 㻜㻚㻟 㻡㻚㻢㻝 㻟㻠㻚㻣 㻟㻘㻞㻞㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻥 㻠㻟㻘㻞㻠㻞㻘㻤㻢㻠 㻜㻚㻟 㻢㻚㻜㻝 㻟㻣㻚㻞 㻟㻘㻠㻡㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻢㻜㻜 㻝㻘㻢㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻥 㻠㻟㻘㻞㻢㻣㻘㻡㻢㻠 㻜㻚㻟 㻢㻚㻠㻝 㻟㻥㻚㻣 㻟㻘㻢㻤㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜 Use of Battery Storage
㻝㻘㻣㻜㻜 㻝㻘㻣㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻥 㻠㻟㻘㻞㻥㻞㻘㻞㻠㻠 㻜㻚㻟 㻢㻚㻤㻜 㻠㻞㻚㻞 㻟㻘㻥㻝㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜 system for long-period
㻝㻘㻤㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻥㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻤㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻥㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻤
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻤
㻠㻟㻘㻟㻝㻢㻘㻥㻠㻜
㻠㻟㻘㻟㻠㻝㻘㻢㻝㻢
㻜㻚㻟
㻜㻚㻠
㻣㻚㻞㻜
㻣㻚㻡㻥
㻠㻠㻚㻣
㻠㻣㻚㻞
㻠㻘㻝㻠㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻠㻘㻟㻣㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
constraint
㻞㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻣 㻠㻟㻘㻟㻢㻢㻘㻟㻝㻢 㻜㻚㻠 㻣㻚㻥㻥 㻠㻥㻚㻢 㻠㻘㻢㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻝㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻣 㻠㻟㻘㻟㻥㻝㻘㻜㻜㻠 㻜㻚㻠 㻤㻚㻟㻤 㻡㻞㻚㻝 㻠㻘㻤㻟㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻞㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻣 㻠㻟㻘㻠㻝㻡㻘㻢㻣㻞 㻜㻚㻠 㻤㻚㻣㻤 㻡㻠㻚㻢 㻡㻘㻜㻢㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻢 㻠㻟㻘㻞㻞㻟㻘㻢㻡㻢 㻜㻚㻠 㻥㻚㻝㻣 㻡㻣㻚㻝 㻡㻘㻞㻥㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻠㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻠㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻢 㻠㻟㻘㻞㻟㻤㻘㻥㻝㻢 㻜㻚㻡 㻥㻚㻡㻣 㻡㻥㻚㻢 㻡㻘㻡㻞㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻢 㻠㻟㻘㻠㻤㻥㻘㻣㻢㻜 㻜㻚㻡 㻥㻚㻥㻢 㻢㻞㻚㻝 㻡㻘㻣㻡㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻢㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻢㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻡 㻠㻟㻘㻞㻢㻥㻘㻠㻠㻠 㻜㻚㻡 㻝㻜㻚㻟㻡 㻢㻠㻚㻡 㻡㻘㻥㻤㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻣㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻣㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻡 㻠㻟㻘㻞㻤㻠㻘㻣㻞㻜 㻜㻚㻡 㻝㻜㻚㻣㻠 㻢㻣㻚㻜 㻢㻘㻞㻝㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻡 㻠㻟㻘㻟㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻡 㻝㻝㻚㻝㻟 㻢㻥㻚㻡 㻢㻘㻠㻠㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻥㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻥㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻠 㻠㻟㻘㻟㻝㻡㻘㻞㻠㻠 㻜㻚㻡 㻝㻝㻚㻡㻟 㻣㻞㻚㻜 㻢㻘㻢㻣㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻠 㻠㻟㻘㻢㻝㻟㻘㻞㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻢 㻝㻝㻚㻥㻞 㻣㻠㻚㻡 㻢㻘㻥㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜

39
 3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem
䞉Technicalassistanceinplanninganddesign
䞉UseofSketchUp software

40

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem

Introduction

Ṿ Withsmallscalepowersystems,duetolimitationsonscale
andadjustmentcapacity,theyaresensitivetotheoutput
fluctuationsofrenewableenergysuchasgridconnectedPV
systems.

Ṿ Ifthesefluctuationsarelarge,balancingsupplyanddemand
andsecuringpowerqualitybecomedifficult.

Ṿ WhendeployingahighpercentageofgridconnectedPV
systems, ahybridsystemwhichsuppliespowerincoordination
withtheexistingdieselgenerators(DG)isregardedas
promising.
41
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem

IntroductionofthePVdieselhybridsystemdevelopedinOkinawa
Ṿ The3basictypesare shown below.
Ṟ PVdieselhybridsystem
ṟ PVWTdieselhybridsystem
Ṡ PVbatterydieselhybridsystem
y Keepinginmindthatinanycase,thedeploymentwilltakeplace
onasmallremoteisland,theconfigurationwillconsistof
multiplegenerators.
y Webelievethatbyusingamultiunitconfiguration,
serviceabilitycanbeenhancedonsmallremoteislandswhere
backupandrepairarenoteasy.

42

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem

Ṟ PVdieselhybridsystem
Inmostcases,asystemstabilizingdevicesuchasstorage
batteriesisincorporatedinPVdieselhybridsystems.However,
powersystemstabilizersareexpensive,soifsuchequipmentis
incorporated,theeconomicburdenonSeychellestodeploythe
systemaloneisheavyandmakesitunfeasible.Therefore,inthis
project,wewillproposeanddesignasystemthatdoesnot
featureastabilizersuchasapowerstoragebattery.Anexample
systemisdescribedbelow.

43
 3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem
ẔExampleẕṞ PVdieselhybridsystem
ᾋPVsystemwithoutuseofstoragebatteriesᾍ
y Asystemwithimprovedfrequencystabilitythroughquantity
controlofthePCSsthatcomewiththePVsystems
y AsystemthattakesintoaccountlowoutputDGoperation
measuresthroughquantitycontrolofpowerconditioners
(PCS)
Hybrid system functions᧤PCS quantity control᧥
཰ Monitor grid frequency to control the
number of PCSs (Frequency stability measure)
ཱ Monitor DG output/grid load to control the number of
PCSs

PCS quantity control

Operating
Stopped

44

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem
䛆Example䛇䐟 PVdieselhybridsystem
<Features/advantages of the system>

Energy supply technology for island countries Energy supply technology for island countries

PV system with made to order PCS System using commercially available PCS
Bus
Bus Monitoring Commercially
control panel available PCS
Made to order
PCS

Risk
RE introduction technology Benefits
䕔Manufacturer dependent in case of failure
䞉High repair cost 䞉Low cost system using local 䞉 Low maintenance cost
commercially available parts 䞉 Easy local maintenance and
䞉Reduction of power generation due to delay in
repairs 䞉Sustainable system design operation
䕔Stop of the entire system due to the failure of 䞉 RE system sustainable in 䝅
only one PCS home country
䞉 Avoid stopping entire PV
system by using distributed PCS

Ex. Sustainable PV System configuration

45
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem
䛆Example䛇䐟 PVdieselhybridsystem
䠘SchematicoffrequencystabilizationmeasuresthroughPCS
quantitycontrol䠚

28 QWVRWV (TGSWGPE[

4GFWEKPI 28 QWVRWV HNWEVWCVKQP

2%5 SWCPVKV[ EQPVTQN
28 QWVRWV =M9?

(TGSWGPE[
*\
(TGSWGPE[HNWEVWCVKQPTGFWEVKQP

Decrease in PCS units

46

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem
䛆Example䛇䐟 PVdieselhybridsystem
䠘SchematicofmeasuresforlowloadDGoperationthroughPCS
quantitycontrol䠚
Grid-connected PV system
(PCS quantity control: PCS1 running  stopped) Customers

2%5 2%5 2%5 2%5


2%5 2%5 2%5 2%5
 &)Јщ 28Јщ ኒወ᝟ᒵ
/% /% /% /% 
ኒወ᝟ᒵ&)Јщ28Јщ=M9?



4WPPKPI 
'NKOKPCVG NQY NQCF QRGTCVKQP
1RGTCDNG TCPIG 
5VQRRGF
UVCPFD[

 /CZ



 /KP

&') &') &') 

Existing DEG Power Plant 

&GETGCUG KP 2%5 WPKVU

47
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem
䛆Example䛇䐠 PVWTdieselhybridsystem
䠘SchematicdiagramofPVWTDGhybridsystem without
batterysystem䠚
Grid-connected PV system
(PCS quantity control: PCS1 running эstopped) Wind turbine system

Existing DEG Power Plant

&') &') &')

2%5 2%5 2%5 2%5

/% /% /% /%
2%5 2%5

Running /%
/%

Stopped (stand by)

Customers

48

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem
䛆Example䛇䐡 PVBatteryDGhybridsystem
䠘SchematicofaPVBatteryDGhybridsystem䠚

Grid-connected PV system
(PCS quantity control: PCS1 running эstopped)

Existing DEG Power Plant

&') &') &') 2%5 2%5 2%5 2%5

/% /% /%
/%

Running
Stopped (stand by)
Not necessary

Customer
2%5
Battery

49
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem

Grid-connected PV system
(PCS quantity control: PCS1
running э stopped)

Existing DEG Power Plant

PCS1 PCS1 PCS1 PCS1
DEG1 DEG2 DEG3
MC MC MC MC

Running
Stopped(standby)

Customers

50

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem
¾ FacilityPlanningMethodusingSketchUp software

51
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.3PlanninganddesigningPVdieselhybridsystem
¾ FacilityPlanningMethodusingSketchUp software

52

3.4Resultsoftheproject
䞉MaheIs.
䞉PraslinIs.,LaDigueIs.
䞉Desroches Is.
䞉CurieuseIs.

53
3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
䞉MaheIs.

:LQGIDUP
9LFWRULD%3RZHU6WDWLRQ N:™  0: PeakLoad50MW
0:0:

9LFWRULD&3RZHU6WDWLRQ
0:0:)
(PV1.2MW)
54

3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem(MaheIs.)
Supplydemandbalancesimulation
z Forshortperiodconstraints,PVsystemsof50kW
Shortperiodconstraint
䐟 㼀㼛㼠㼍㼘㻌㼐㼑㼙㼍㼚㼐 㻡㻜㻚㻜 㻹㼃
ormorearetakenintoaccount,andiftotaloutput
䐠 㻸㻲㻯 㻜㻚㻜 㻹㼃 exceeds2,000kW,implementationofa
䐡 㻭㼐㼖㼡㼟㼠㼍㼎㼘㼑㻌㻲㼞㼑㼝㼡㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㻹㼍㼞㼓㼕㼚 㻟㻚㻜 㻹㼃
stabilizationdevicesuchasabatterysystemto
䐢 㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼏㼛㼚㼟㼠㼍㼚㼠 㻤㻚㻜 䠂㻛㻴㼦
䐣 㻰㼑㼙㼍㼚㼐㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 㻜㻚㻣 㻹㼃 suppressfrequencyfluctuationsisrequired.
䐤 㼃㼕㼚㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼒㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻞㻚㻠 㻹㼃
z Forlongperiodconstraints,theexpectedPV
䐥 㻭㼘㼘㼛 㼣㼍㼎㼘㼑 㻌㼍㼙 㼛 㼡 㼠 㻌㼛 㼒㻌㼃 㼕㼚 㼐 㻢㻚㻜 㻹㼃
䐦 㼃㼕㼚㼐㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 㻜㻚㻠 㻙 integrationcapacityisabout10MW.Integration
䐧 㻼㼂㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼒㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻝㻚㻢 㻹㼃 ofmorethan10MWisexpectedtorequirethe
䐨 㻭㼘㼘㼛 㼣㼍㼎㼘㼑 㻌㼍㼙 㼛 㼡 㼚 䡐㻌㼛 㼒㻌㻼㼂 㻞㻚㻜 㻹㼃
䐩 㻼㼂㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 㻜㻚㻤 㻙
implementationofastabilizationdevicesuchasa
㼀㼛㼠㼍㼘㻌㼍㼙㼛㼡㼚 㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻾㻱 㻤㻚㻜 㻹㼃 batterystoragesystemtoabsorbtheexcessenergy
fromRE.
Longperiodconstraint

55
3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem(MaheIs.)
䞉Electricratesimulation

Batterystoragecapacity
㼡㼚㼕㼠䠖㼁㻿䠁
㻯㼛㼟㼠䚷㼛㼒㻌㼑 㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥 㼡 㼚㼕㼠 㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌 㼘 㼕 㼙㼕 㼠 㻸㼛㼚㼓㻌㼠㼑㼞㼙㻌㼕㼟㼟㼡㼑㼟㻌㼎㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞㼥㻌㼕㼙㼜㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
㻮㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞㼥㻌㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑 㼙㻌㼏 㼍㼜㼍㼏㼕㼠 㼗㼃㼔 㻜 㻟㻜㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻡㻜㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻝 㻜㻜㻘㻜 㻜㻜 㻝 㻡㻜㻘㻜 㻜㻜 㻞 㻜㻜㻘㻜 㻜㻜
㻼㻯㻿㻌㼛㼡 㼠㼜㼡 㼠 㼗㼃 㻜 㻟㻜㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻡㻜㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻝 㻜㻜㻘㻜 㻜㻜 㻝 㻡㻜㻘㻜 㻜㻜 㻞 㻜㻜㻘㻜 㻜㻜
㻾㻱
㼕㼙㼜㼘㼑 㼙㼑 㼚 㼠 㼍㼠㼕㼛 㼚
㼃㼀 㻼㼂
⌧≧ 㻢㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻝㻘㻞㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻞 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
ィ⏬
㻝 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻙
㻜 㻝㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻞
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙 z Asensitivityanalysisonthe
㻞 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻞㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻟 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
㻟 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻠 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻟㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻠㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻟
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻟
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙 correlationofbatterycapacity
㻡 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻡㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻟 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
㻢 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻣 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻢㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻣㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻟
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻠
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
andelectricrateswasconducted
㻤 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻤㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻠 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
㻥 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻝㻜 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻥㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻝 㻜㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻠
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻠
㻙
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻟
㻙
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻢
㻙
㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻠
㻙
㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻞
㻙
㻜㻚㻞 㻥㻜
usingHOMERProwhendeploying
㻝㻝 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻝 㻝㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻢 㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻞 㻜㻚㻞 㻥㻝
morethan10,000 kWofPV.Asa
REamount

㻝㻞 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻝 㻞㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻣 㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻟 㻜㻚㻞 㻥㻜

㻝㻟 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻝 㻟㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻤 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻡 㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻠 㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻝 㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻥
㻝㻠 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻝㻡 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻝 㻠㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻝 㻡㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻡
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻡
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻤
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻤
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻡
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻡
㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻟
㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻟
㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻝
㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻝
㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻥
㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻥 result,electricratestendedto
㻝㻢 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻝 㻢㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻢 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻤 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻡 㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻟 㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻝 㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻤
㻝㻣 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻝㻤 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻝 㻣㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻝 㻤㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻢
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻢
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻣
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻢
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻠
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻠
㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻟
㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻞
㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻜
㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻜
㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻤
㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻣
decreasewhenbatterieswere
㻝㻥 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻝 㻥㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻢 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻞 㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻝 㻜㻚㻞 㻢㻥 㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻣
㻞㻜 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻝 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻞 㻜㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻞 㻝㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻣
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻣
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻡
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻡
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻝
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻜
㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻜
㻜㻚㻞 㻠㻥
㻜㻚㻞 㻢㻤
㻜㻚㻞 㻢㻣
㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻢
㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻡
deployed.Theoptimal
㻞㻞 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻞 㻞㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻣 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻤 㻜㻚㻞 㻠㻣 㻜㻚㻞 㻢㻢 㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻠
㻞㻟 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻠 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻞 㻟㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻞 㻠㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻣
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻤
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻡
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻡
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻣
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㻜㻚㻞 㻠㻢
㻜㻚㻞 㻠㻡
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㻜㻚㻞 㻢㻟
㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻟
㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻞
combinationwouldbetoadd
㻞㻡 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻢 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻞 㻡㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻞 㻢㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻤
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻤
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻡
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻢
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻡
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻠
㻜㻚㻞 㻠㻟
㻜㻚㻞 㻠㻝
㻜㻚㻞 㻢㻞
㻜㻚㻞 㻢㻜
㻜㻚㻞 㻤㻜
㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻥 22,000kWofPVanda30,000
㻞㻣 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻞 㻣㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻢 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻠 㻜㻚㻞 㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻥 㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻤
㻞㻤 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻥 㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻞 㻤㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻞 㻥㻘㻜㻜 㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻥
㻜㻚㻞㻠 㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻣
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻣
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻡
㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻡
㻜㻚㻞 㻟㻥
㻜㻚㻞 㻟㻣
㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻣
㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻢
㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻢
㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻡
kWhbatterysystemtothe
㻟㻜 㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻟 㻜㻘㻜㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻠 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻣 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻢 㻜㻚㻞 㻟㻢 㻜㻚㻞 㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻞 㻣㻠
currentsystem.
Costofenergyincrease
56

3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem(MaheIs.)
Supplydemandbalancesimulation
Summary
y TheintegrationcapacityforlongperiodconstraintsonMahe
Islandwasapproximately10,000kW.
y ThecostbenefitsofPVintegrationinMaheIslandislowwith
thecurrentfuelpriceof0.32USD.
y CostbenefitsofPVintegrationarisewhenfuelpricesexceed
the0.8USD.
y Accordingtothebatterycapacitysensitivityanalysis,electric
ratestendedtodecreasewhenbatteriesweredeployed.
y Forthetimebeing,aimingfordeploymentsof10,000kWof
PV,whichdoesnotrequire a batterysystem, isrecommended.

57
3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
䞉PraslinIs.
(PV0.177MW)
3UDVOLQ,VODQG3RZHU6WDWLRQ
0:0:

PeakLoad8.06MW

58

3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
(PraslinIs.+LaDigueIs.)Supplydemandbalancesimulation

Shortperiodconstraint z For short-period constraints, PV systems of 50 kW or

more are taken into account, and if total output
䐟 㼀㼛㼠㼍㼘㻌㼐㼑㼙㼍㼚㼐 㻢㻡㻜㻜 㼗㼃
䐠 㻸㻲㻯 㻜 㼗㼃 exceeds 600 kW, implementation of a stabilization
䐡 㻭㼐㼖㼡㼟㼠㼍㼎㼘㼑㻌㻲㼞㼑㼝㼡㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㻹㼍㼞㼓㼕㼚 㻠㻣㻣 㼗㼃 device such as a battery system to suppress
䐢 㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼏㼛㼚㼟㼠㼍㼚㼠 㻥㻚㻤 䠂㻛㻴㼦
frequency fluctuations is required.
䐣 㻰㼑㼙㼍㼚㼐㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 㻤㻡 㼗㼃
䐤 㼃㼕㼚㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼒㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻜 㼗㼃 z For long period constraints, the expected PV
䐥 㻭㼘 㼘 㼛 㼣㼍㼎㼘㼑 㻌㼍㼙 㼛 㼡 㼠 㻌㼛 㼒㻌㼃 㼕㼚 㼐 㻜 㼗㼃 integration capacity is about 1,900 kW. Integration of
䐦 㼃㼕㼚㼐㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 㻙 㻙
more than 2,000 kW is expected to require the
䐧 㻼㼂㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼒㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻠㻣㻜 㼗㼃
䐨 㻭㼘㼘㼛 㼣㼍㼎㼘㼑 㻌㼍㼙 㼛 㼡 㼚 䡐㻌㼛 㼒㻌㻼㼂 㻢㻜㻜 㼗㼃 implementation of a stabilization device such as a
䐩 㻼㼂㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑 㻜㻚㻤 㻙 battery storage system to absorb the excess energy
㼀㼛㼠㼍㼘㻌 㼍㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻾㻱 㻢㻜㻜 㼗㼃
from RE.
Longperiodconstraint

59
3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
(PraslinIs.+LaDigueIs.)/electricratesimulation

Batterystoragecapacity
㼡㼚㼕㼠㻌䠖㼁㻿䠁
㻯㼛㼟㼠 㼛㼒㻌㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥 㼡㼚㼕㼠 㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼘㼕㼙㼕㼠 㻸㼛㼚㼓㻌㼠㼑㼞㼙㻌㼕㼟㼟㼡㼑㼟㻌㼎㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞㼥㻌㼕㼙㼜㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
㻮㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞㼥㻌㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼏㼍㼜㼍㼏㼕㼠㼥 㼗㼃㼔 㻜 㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻡㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻤㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻼㻯㻿㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠 㼗㼃 㻜 㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻡㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻤㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻾㻱㻌㼕㼙㼜㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㼃㼀 㻼㼂
ྵཞ 㻜 㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻠 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
ᚘဒ
㻝㻜㻜
㻙
㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻠
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
z Asensitivityanalysisonthe
㻞㻜㻜 㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻠 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
㻟㻜㻜
㻠㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻟㻜㻜
㻠㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻟
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻟
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
correlationofbatterycapacity
㻡㻜㻜
㻢㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻡㻜㻜
㻢㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻟
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙 andelectricrateswasconducted
㻣㻜㻜 㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
㻤㻜㻜
㻥㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻤㻜㻜
㻥㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
usingHOMERProwhendeploying
㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
morethan2,200 kWofPV.Asa
REamount

㻝㻘㻝㻜㻜 㻜 㻝㻘㻝㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙

㻝㻘㻞㻜㻜 㻜 㻝㻘㻞㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
㻝㻘㻟㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻠㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻝㻘㻟㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻠㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙 result,implementingmorethan
㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻜 㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻥 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
㻝㻘㻢㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻣㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻝㻘㻢㻜㻜
㻝㻘㻣㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻥
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻥
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
㻙
2,300kWofPV(highpenetration)
㻝㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻜 㻝㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻤 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙 㻙
㻝㻘㻥㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻝㻘㻥㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻤
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻣
㻙
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻠
㻙
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻣
㻙
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞
㻙
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻥
㻙
㻜㻚㻞㻣㻡
requiresalargebatterystorage
㻞㻘㻝㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻞㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻞㻘㻝㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻞㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻣
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻣
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻠
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻠
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻣
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻢
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻥
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻥
㻜㻚㻞㻣㻠
㻜㻚㻞㻣㻠 system,andthusresultsinahigh
㻞㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻜 㻞㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻢 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻟 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻢 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻤 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻠
㻞㻘㻠㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜
㻜
㻜
㻞㻘㻠㻜㻜
㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻢
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻢
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻟
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻟
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻢
㻜㻚㻞㻡㻢
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻤
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻤
㻜㻚㻞㻣㻟
㻜㻚㻞㻣㻟
costofenergyandinitialcost.
㻞㻘㻢㻜㻜 㻜 㻞㻘㻢㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻣 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻟
㻞㻘㻣㻜㻜 㻜 㻞㻘㻣㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻣 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻞
㻞㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻜 㻞㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻣 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻞
㻞㻘㻥㻜㻜 㻜 㻞㻘㻥㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻢 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻞
㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻝 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻢 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻝

Costofenergyincrease
60

3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
(PraslinIs.+LaDigueIs.)Supplydemandbalancesimulation

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Logan Hospital La Digue District Administration La Digue primary school

61
3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
(PraslinIs.+LaDigueIs.)
PVfacilitysimulation(LaDigue school)approx.100kW

62

3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
(PraslinIs.+LaDigueIs.)
Supplydemandbalancesimulation

Summary
y TheintegrationcapacityforlongperiodconstraintsonPraslin
Islandwasapproximately2,000kW.
y ThecostbenefitsofPVintegrationinPraslinIslandislowwith
thecurrentfuelpriceof0.49USD.
y Electricratestendedtodecreasewithabatterycapacity
ranging1,500kWh– 2,000kWh.
y Forthetimebeing,aimingfordeploymentsof2,000kWofPV,
whichdoesnotrequireabatterysystem, isrecommended.

63
3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
䞉DesrochesIs.(Actual) Mahe

3RZHU6WDWLRQ0:N:™᧯

ዘ3HDN/RDG 0:
ዘ$YHUDJH WR0:
ዘ1RUPDOO\WKHSRZHULVVXSSOLHG
E\RQHXQLW

ዘ'DLO\ORDGFXUYH

64

3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
䞉DesrochesIs.(Futureplan)
㻯㼛㼚㼢㼑㼞㼠㼑㼞 㻯㼛㼟㼠㻛㻯㻻㻱 㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻛㻾㼑㼚
㻼㼂㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻰㻱㻳㻝㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻰㻱㻳㻞㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻰㻱㻳㻟㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻰㼕㼟㼜㼍㼠㼏㼔
㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻔㻐㻕 㻲㼞㼍㼏㻌㻔㻑㻕
㻠㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻠 㻣㻚㻣㻜
FutureplanforDesrochesIs. 㻠㻡㻜
㻠㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻟㻜㻜
㻞㻠㻜
㻯㻯
㻸㻲
㻜㻚㻡㻟㻠
㻜㻚㻡㻟㻡
㻣㻚㻣㻜
㻣㻚㻝㻤
㻠㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻠㻜 㻯㻯 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻡 㻣㻚㻝㻤
䞉 Peakload2.0MW 㻠㻡㻜
㻠㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻞㻝㻜
㻞㻝㻜
㻸㻲
㻯㻯
㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣
㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣
㻢㻚㻣㻟
㻢㻚㻣㻟

䞉 Replacementofallexistingdieselgenerators 㻠㻡㻜
㻠㻡㻜
㻠㻜㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻣㻡㻜
㻝㻤㻜
㻝㻤㻜
㻟㻜㻜
㻸㻲
㻯㻯
㻸㻲
㻜㻚㻡㻟㻥
㻜㻚㻡㻟㻥
㻜㻚㻡㻟㻡
㻢㻚㻝㻠
㻢㻚㻝㻠
㻢㻚㻥㻣
㻠㻜㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻯㻯 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻡 㻢㻚㻥㻣
PV450kW 㻠㻜㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻣㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻡 㻢㻚㻤㻥
㻠㻜㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻣㻜 㻯㻯 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻡 㻢㻚㻤㻥
㻠㻜㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻠㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻢 㻢㻚㻢㻥
㻠㻜㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻠㻜 㻯㻯 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻢 㻢㻚㻢㻥
DEG750kW㽢 3 㻠㻜㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻝㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣 㻢㻚㻟㻠
㻠㻜㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻝㻜 㻯㻯 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣 㻢㻚㻟㻠
㻟㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻣㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣 㻢㻚㻝㻞
㻟㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻣㻜 㻯㻯 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣 㻢㻚㻝㻞
㻟㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻠㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣 㻢㻚㻜㻡
㻟㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻠㻜 㻯㻯 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣 㻢㻚㻜㻡
㻟㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣 㻢㻚㻝㻟
㻟㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻯㻯 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣 㻢㻚㻝㻟
㻟㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻝㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣 㻡㻚㻤㻡
㻟㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻞㻝㻜 㻯㻯 㻜㻚㻡㻟㻣 㻡㻚㻤㻡

㻯㼛㼟㼠㻛㻯㻻
㻰㻳㻝 㻰㻳㻞 㻰㻳㻟 㻰㻳㻠 㻰㼕㼟㼜㼍㼠㼏㼔
㻱㻌㻔㻐㻕

㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻡㻜

StudyresultsusingHomersoftware 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻣㻡㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻡㻡
䞉 Dieselgeneratorconfiguration750kW㽢3 units 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻣㻣
㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻤㻟
䞉MaximumPVimplementationwithoutbattery 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻤㻜
storagesystem450kW 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻤㻥
㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻡㻥㻤
䞉PCS300kW 㻞㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻢㻤㻠
䞉COE 0.534 USD/kWh 㻞㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜㻜 㻸㻲 㻜㻚㻢㻥㻢
65
3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
䞉DesrochesIs.
Imageof450kWPVfacility

Powerstation

66

3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
䞉CurieuseIs.
Currentcondition
&XULHXVH ,VODQG LV RQH RI WKH UHPRWH LVODQGV RI WKH
6H\FKHOOHV ,VODQGV ,W LV ORFDWHG WR WKH QRUWKZHVW RI
3UDVOLQ ,VODQG DQG KDV DQ DUHD RI  NP PDNLQJ LW
WKH VHFRQG ODUJHVW UHPRWH LVODQG LQ WKH 6H\FKHOOHV
ዘ*HQHUDWLRQHTXLSPHQW
 N9$GLHVHOJHQHUDWRU
 N9$JDVROLQHJHQHUDWRU
 1RUPDOIHHGLQJWLPH
 3HDNGHPDQGDSSUR[LPDWHO\N:
 *DVROLQHSULFH6&5/86'/

67
3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
䞉CurieuseIs.
Futureplan
PV40kWEmergencybackupDEG10kW

AssumingaPeakloadof9kW
Systemcomposition
䞉PV40kW
䞉Batterystoragesystem350kWh
䞉PCS10kW
䞉EmergencybackupDEG10kW
Batterystoragesystem350kW

㻭㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒 㼑㼤㼏㼑㼟㼟
㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼕㼏㼕㼠㼥 㻼㼂
㻯㼛㼙㼜㼛㼚㼑㼚㼠㼟 㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞 㼛㼒 㼏㼛㼟㼠
㼠㼍㼞㼕㼒㼒 㼓㼑㼚㻚㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑
㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥
㻼㼂 㻯㻻㻺 㻮㼀㼀
䠁㻛㼗㼃㼔 㼗㼃㼔 㻑 㻑 䠁
䠄㼗㼃㻕 㻔㻷㼃㻕 㻔㼗㼃㼔㻕
㻠㻜 㻝㻜 㻟㻡㻜 㻝㻚㻝㻢 㻢㻥㻘㻞㻥㻜 㻠㻜㻚㻞 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻤㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻠㻜 㻝㻡 㻟㻡㻜 㻝㻚㻝㻣 㻢㻥㻘㻞㻥㻜 㻠㻜㻚㻞 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻤㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜
㻠㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻡㻜 㻝㻚㻝㻤 㻢㻥㻘㻞㻥㻜 㻠㻜㻚㻞 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻤㻡㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻡㻜 㻝㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻝㻥 㻤㻢㻘㻢㻝㻞 㻡㻞㻚㻟 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻤㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻡 㻞㻡 㻟㻡㻜 㻝㻚㻝㻥 㻢㻥㻘㻞㻥㻜 㻠㻜㻚㻞 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻤㻣㻘㻡㻜㻜
㻡㻜 㻝㻡 㻟㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻞㻜 㻤㻢㻘㻢㻝㻞 㻡㻞㻚㻟 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻤㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜
㻠㻜 㻟㻜 㻟㻡㻜 㻝㻚㻞㻜 㻢㻥㻘㻞㻥㻜 㻠㻜㻚㻞 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻥㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻡㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻞㻜 㻤㻢㻘㻢㻝㻞 㻡㻞㻚㻟 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻤㻡㻘㻜㻜㻜
㻠㻜 㻟㻡 㻟㻡㻜 㻝㻚㻞㻝 㻢㻥㻘㻞㻥㻜 㻠㻜㻚㻞 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻥㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜
㻠㻜 㻝㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻞㻝 㻢㻥㻘㻞㻥㻜 㻠㻜㻚㻞 㻝㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻡㻘㻜㻜㻜 68

3.4ResultofPlanningofPVDEGHybridSystem
䞉CurieuseIs.

Summary
y Asimulationontheoptimalcombinationwith1050kWPV,
1050kWCON,and50400kWhBTTforPVdeploymentwas
conducted.Theresultsshowedthatasystemcombining40kW
ofPV+350kWhofbatteries+10kWCONisthebestinterms
ofelectricrates.
y TheentireloadforCurieuseIslandandcanbesuppliedwith
thePVinthesystemmentionedabove.Inaddition,since
CurieuseIslandlacksabackuppowersupplyincasetheabove
systemfails,installinga10kWdieselgeneratorasemergency
backupisrecommended.

69
 3.5Optimizingoperationofexistingdieselgenset
䞉Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof
dieselgenerators

70

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof
dieselgenerators
ዘPositionofthisstudyontheproject
InordertoaimforimprovingenergyselfsufficiencyinSeychelles,
inadditiontothereplacementofpetroleumfuelswithrenewable
energy,itisnecessarytoreducefuelconsumptionthrough
efficientoperationoftheexistingpowersupply.

Energy saving Improving

Self-sustaining by optimizing energy self-
though diesel power sufficiency
renewables plants

71
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 TechnicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseofDEG
ዘPositionofthisstudyontheproject

Methodofoptimizingenergyefficiencyinpowerplant
ձ Propermaintenancetopreventworseningoffuelconsumption
characteristics(managementofeachindividualgenerator)
ղ Applicationofeconomicloaddispatch(EDC)operationto
optimizefuelconsumption(managementofpowerplant
operation)

EDC operation

72

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof
dieselgenerators
ዘOverviewofEDCoperation
EDC (EconomicloadDispatchingControl)
Amidchangesindemand,whichgenerators(whichhavedifferentfuel
consumptioncharacteristics)shouldbeoperatedandatwhatoutput
willleadtothemostefficientoperationisconsideredinadvance,and
theefficientoperationofthegeneratorsiscarriedoutbasedonthe
results. %DVLFLGHD
‡ Each generator has
different fuel
consumption
characteristics.

‡ Aim for the most

efficient point for each
generator.
73
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof DEG
ዘApplicabilityinSeychelles
ձ EconomicloaddispatchcalculationiscarriedoutwithacommercialPC
software(MicrosoftExcel)usingthefuelconsumptioncharacteristicsof
eachgenerator(fuelconsumptionrate).
ղ Basedontheeconomicloaddispatchcalculationresults,aneconomicload
dispatchtableforeachcombinationofgeneratorsisprepared.
ճ EDCoperationbasedontheeconomicloaddispatchtable(EDCoperation
isperformedbymanualgovernoroperationatthepowerplant)

74

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof DEG
ዘFieldsurveyforimplementation
ձPowerplantassessment
Assessmentitems MAHE PRASLIN LADIGUE DESROCHES CURIEUSE

NO
Undersea
Existing powerplant YES YES YES YES
cable to
Praslin
Multiplegenerator NO
YES YES 㸫 YES
operation Only1unit
NO
ManualcontrolforDEG Autoload
YES YES 㸫 sharing YES
output
control
Willbe
Others 㸫 㸫 㸫 replaced 㸫

PlantsselectedforsurveyonEDCapplicability

75
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof DEG
ዘFieldsurveyforimplementation
ղPowerplantassessment㸦MAHE࣭PRASLIN㸧
ToapplyEDCoperation,weconductedasurveyonthefollowingitems.

9 Specificationofgenerators
9 Operationalstatusofgenerators
9 Statusofmeasurementequipment
9 Structureofpowerplantmaintenance
9 Constraintsonpowerplantoperation

76

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof DEG
ዘFieldsurveyforimplementation
ճ Collectionofdatarequiredforimplementationandconfirmationofcollectionmethod
ItisnecessarytodeterminethefuelconsumptioncharacteristicofeachgeneratorforEDC
implementation.
RequiredData:Fuelconsumptionrateateachoutput
Measureditem:Generatedpower(kWh),Fuelconsumption(Liters)

Fuelconsumptionrateismeasuredataconstantoutputfor a defined period of

time to determine each generators efficiency (fuel consumption rate).

(kW)
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000 30 min.
1000
0
9:45 10:00 10:30 10:45 11:15 11:30 12:00

Fuelconsumptionmeasurementtest Fuelconsumptionmeasurementtest
Procedureexample (Fuelflowmetermeasurement)
77
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof DEG
ճCollectionofdatarequiredforimplementationandconfirmationofcollectionmethod
MeasurementsoneachDEGtakenatMahe PS.andPraslinPS.andresults
㼂㼕㼏㼠㼛㼞㼕㼍㻌㻯㼋㻮㻡
㻾㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠 㻤㻜㻜㻜 㼗㼃
㻷㼃 㻠㻜㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜㻜 㻣㻡㻜㻜 Fuelconsumptiontestresult@Mahe
㻑 㻡㻜㻑 㻣㻡㻑 㻥㻠㻑 VictoriaC_B5 VictoriaC_A4 VictoriaC_A2 VictoriaC_A3
㻸㻛㻷㼃㻴 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻣 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻜
0.260
㼂㼕㼏㼠㼛㼞㼕㼍㻌㻯㼋㻭㻠
0.255

Fuelconsumptionrate[L/kWh]
㻾㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠 㻢㻟㻠㻤 㼗㼃
㻷㼃 㻡㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻡㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜㻜 0.250
㻑 㻤㻣㻑 㻣㻝㻑 㻠㻣㻑
㻸㻛㻷㼃㻴 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻤 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻠㻥 0.245

㼂㼕㼏㼠㼛㼞㼕㼍㻌㻯㼋㻭㻞 0.240
㻾㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠 㻢㻟㻠㻤 㼗㼃
0.235
㻷㼃 㻟㻜㻜㻜 㻠㻡㻜㻜 㻡㻡㻜㻜
㻑 㻠㻣㻑 㻣㻝㻑 㻤㻣㻑 0.230
㻸㻛㻷㼃㻴 㻜㻚㻞㻠㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻠㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻠㻜
0.225
㼂㼕㼏㼠㼛㼞㼕㼍㻌㻯㼋㻭㻟
㻾㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠 㻢㻟㻠㻤 㼗㼃 0.220
㻷㼃 㻟㻜㻜㻜 㻠㻡㻜㻜 㻡㻡㻜㻜 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
㻑 㻠㻣㻑 㻣㻝㻑 㻤㻣㻑 Generatoroutput[kW]
㻸㻛㻷㼃㻴 㻜㻚㻞㻡㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻤 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻥

78

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof DEG
ճCollectionofdatarequiredforimplementationandconfirmationofcollectionmethod
MeasurementsoneachDEGtakenatMahe PS.andPraslinPS.andresults
㻼㼞㼍㼟㼘㼕㼚㻌㻢㻼
㻾㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㼗㼃
㻷㼃 㻤㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻠㻜 㻝㻟㻜㻜
Fuelconsumptiontestresult@Praslin
㻑 㻡㻟㻑 㻢㻥㻑 㻤㻣㻑 Praslin6P Praslin7P Praslin4P PraslinM6 Praslin5P
㻸㻛㻷㼃㻴 㻜㻚㻞㻤㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻝
0.300
㻼㼞㼍㼟㼘㼕㼚㻌㻣㻼 0.295
Fuelconsumption rate[L/kWh]

㻾㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠 㻟㻜㻜㻜 㼗㼃
0.290
㻷㼃 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜㻜
㻑 㻡㻠㻑 㻣㻟㻑 㻤㻝㻑 0.285
㻸㻛㻷㼃㻴 㻜㻚㻞㻤㻟㻣 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻞㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻞㻟
0.280
㻼㼞㼍㼟㼘㼕㼚㻌㻠㻼 0.275
㻾㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠 㻢㻣㻜 㼗㼃
0.270
㻷㼃 㻡㻠㻤 㻠㻠㻠 㻞㻥㻢
㻑 㻤㻞㻑 㻢㻢㻑 㻠㻠㻑 0.265
㻸㻛㻷㼃㻴 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻢 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻤 㻜㻚㻞㻥㻢
0.260

㻼㼞㼍㼟㼘㼕㼚㻌㻹㻢 0.255
㻾㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㼗㼃
0.250
㻷㼃 㻤㻠㻜
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
㻑 㻤㻠㻑
㻸㻛㻷㼃㻴 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝 Generatoroutput [kW]

㻼㼞㼍㼟㼘㼕㼚㻌㻡㻼
㻾㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠 㻟㻜㻜㻜 㼗㼃
㻷㼃 㻞㻜㻤㻠 㻝㻡㻣㻢 㻝㻞㻝㻢
㻑 㻜㻚㻢㻥㻠㻢㻢㻣 㻜㻚㻡㻞㻡㻟㻟㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻜㻡㻟㻟㻟
㻸㻛㻷㼃㻴 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻣㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻥㻞

79
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof DEG
մ ConfirmationofdatacollectionmethodandEDCimplementationmethod
Weconfirmeddatacollectionmethodbyconductingactual
measurementtests.Also,weconfirmedhowtoprepareanEDCtable
requiredforEDCoperationusingthemeasurementdata.

Confirmation of how to implement EDC ձ Confirmation of how to implement EDC ղ

80

3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof DEG
ዘImplementationeffect(potential)
࠙Trialcalculationconditionsࠚ
‹ Mahe IslandVictoriaCPowerPlantwasthetargetpowerplant.
‹ Thetargetperiodwas11/1/2014(Saturday) 11/7/2014(Friday)foratotalof7days.
‹ Fuelconsumptionarenotactualvalues,butinsteadcalculatedfromthemeasuredfuel
consumptionratesandactualgeneratoroutputvalues.
‹ FortheestimatedfuelconsumptionaftertheapplicationofEDCoperation,weusedfuel
consumptionwhenloadisoptimallysharedforactualsystemloads.

81
3.Supportareasfortheproject
3.5 Technicalandeconomicstudyontheefficientuseof DEG
ዘ FutureeffortsforEDCimplementation
ձ Continuemeasurementtestonfuelconsumptionrate
Sinceefficiencyofthegeneratorisexpectedtoconstantlychangedueto
conditionssuchasgeneratorconditionandweatherconditions,itisnecessaryto
accumulateandaveragethedatathroughcontinuousmeasurement. Also,the
conditionofthegeneratorscanbedeterminedbyanalyzingtheaccumulated
data.
ղ Digitizationofdailypowergenerationrecords
Inadditiontopaperbaseddailypowergenerationrecords,bydigitizingthem,
changesinsystemloadandotherfactorsrequiredforEDCoperationcanbe
accumulated.
ճ Understandingsystemloadinrealtime
TherearenometersatMaheandPraslinIslandPowerPlantswhichconstantly
displaysystemload,sothereisnowaytoknowtheeverchangingdemand.Thisis
lackingsynchronismrequiredtoperformEDCoperation,whichoptimizesload
dispatchofgeneratorsforeachdemandportion. 82

3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewablesenergy
䞉GridCode
䞉IncentivesforPVsystem

83
3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉 GridCode
Ifapowergenerationsystemconnectedinadistributedmannertothe
powertransmissionanddistributionsystemprovidespowertothegridside
(reversepowerflow),thefailureofthedistributedpowersystem,aswellas
theamountandqualityofthepowergeneratedbyit,wouldaffectthegrid
ofthepowercompany,andtheconsumerssuppliedwithelectricityfrom
thesamepowercompanywillalsobeaffected.Therefore,regardingthe
installationandoperationofdistributedpowersources,prescribed
standardsmustbemet,andtheownermustmakeeffortstoensurethe
qualityofthegeneratedpowerforpublicsafety.Forthesereasons,
guidelinesforgridconnectionwereimproved.

GridCodecontents
Voltagemanagement

Protectioncoordination Islandingoperationdetection

Power factor Targeted facility Harmonic wave

84

3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉 PromotionandDissemination

GeneralexplanationonFITandtheirworldtrendweremade,andtheapproach
forSeychellesinthisprojectwasdescribed.Asoutput,howtodesignaFIT
schemewasprovided.
Issues,whichSeychellesfacesinthisfield,wereanalyzed,andthecountry’s
biggestissueisfinancialresourcesforsupportingaschemesuchasFIT.
85
3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉IncentivesforPVsystem

Type of Incentives

Production tax credit (PTC)

Tax Credit
Investment Investment tax credit (ITC)
Subsidy
Low Interest Loan
Fixed type (FIT)
Price base Feed-in Tariff (FIT)
Premium type (FIP)
(Demand pull)
Net Metering (NEMὸ
Operation
Spread base Renewable Portfolio
Quota Obligation
(Tech. push, Standard (RPS)
Quota type) Tender

„ Can be combined / mixed

86

3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉MechanismofFIT

Tariff level at the specified time

Once contracted, power tariff is

Tariff for Mr. A constant during a specific
period time
(10 – 20 years)
Installed Lower tariff for later comer
Tariff for Mr. B
by Mr. A
Tariff

Installed
by Mr. B

Year

„ On installation, tariff during a specific period of time is determined.

„ Lowered tariff in later stage is not applied to already installed
facilities.

87
3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy

NetMetering(NEM)

Same tariff rate

Balance by the day
(e.g. $0.15/kWh)

A > C : Receive credits for (A-C)

A = C : Zero
A < C : Pay for (C-A)

88

3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉 FITandNEM
FIT NEM
z Stipulatesellingenergyatfixed
priceforlongperiod
z Cansetoffgeneratedand
z Canevaluateinvestment
consumerenergy
recovery
z Stipulatesetoff,ifagreementor
z Cansellsurplusenergyatfixed
Merit actexists
price
z Moresimple
z Disseminationspeedcanbe
z Canhedgeriskonsoaring
controlledbytariff.
electricityprice
z Canacceleratedisseminationof
RE
z Changerulesdrasticallyby
z Needcontract
Clearingmethodofsurplus
z Morecomplex
energy
z NEMisattractive,ifelectricity
Demerit z Generally,notveryprofitablefor
tariffishigherthanFITprice
surplusenergy
z Cannothedgerisksonsoaring
z Longerpaybackperiodwith
electricityprice
loweringpriceofelectricity
89
3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉Japanesecase

„ FIT was intiated in 2012. (after Fukushima)

„ 42 JPY (4.43 SCR, 0.34 USD) / kWh for PV, No total limit
„ Resource is avoided fuel cost + surcharge on tariff

э Subdivision business of Mega-solar

• No strict regulation: Elec. Business Act doesn’t cover RE < 50kW
„ Revised system in April 2014
„ 38 JPY JPY (4.01 SCR, 0.31 USD) / kWh for PV
„ Prohibited subdivision of mega-solar

э In March, application of 27,000 MW PV received

„ But, revision was too late.
„ From September 2014, 5 utilities refused new PV connection.
„ Unlimited curtailment of PV output w/o compensation

90

3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉ReviewHistoryofFITinEurope
„ SteepdropinPVpanelcost
Æ InstalledinlargequantitiesÆ Increasingnationalburden
2000-01 2002-08 2009 - 2012/4 – 2015 –
Germany - Maintained price - Lowering mech. - Lowering mech. w/variable rate - Cap - Tendering for PV
- Cap 350MW w/constant rate 2009-: annually, 2012/1-: every (accumulated): installed on
(2000 - ) (abolished in 2003) (5 to 6.5% half year, 2012/4-: every 4 52GW ground (3 times
annually) months a year)
- Cap: 2.5GW

1998 - 2009 - 2012/1 - 2013/7 -

Spain - Same price for later installation - Lowering mech. w/ constant - Stopped - Repeal FIT
(1998 - ) 2004 - rate revised every quarter - Move to new
- Annually revised price by formula - Cap (Annual) scheme

France 2002/7 - 2010 - 2011/3 –

- Maintained price - Adjusted price based on - Lowering mech. w/ constant rate revised
(2002 - ) 2006/7, Revised price insolation condition at site every quarter
- Cap (Annual)
Combine FIT with Tendering Tendering for over 100kW

2005 – 2009 – 2013/7 –

Italy Maintained Lowering mechanism with constant rate - Stopped
(2005 - ) price 2009-: Yearly, 2011/1-: 䠡䡒䡁䡎䡕 4 months, 2011/6-: Every 6 by
months accumu-
Cap 2011/6 2012/8 lated cap
350MW Æ 1.2GW Æ 3.5GW Cap: 23GW Cap: 6.7 billion Euro
annually

UK 2010/4 – 2012/3 – 2014 –

(2010 - ) - Maintained price - Lowering mech. w/ - Tendering for over
2012 – constant rate revised 5MW
- Lowering mechanism. every quarter

91
3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉DiscussiononNEMinUSA

y Demandcharge
y Contractcapacityisdeterminedbasedonmaxdemand
inacertainperiod.
y Gridaccesscharge
y Usagechargeofutility’sdistributionlineto
access/connectwithgrid
y Standbycharge
y Chargetokeepsupplypowerforcloudydayand
nighttime
y Installedcapacitycharge
y BasicchargebasedoncapacityofinstalledPV

92

3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉IncentivesforPVsystem
AvoidableCost
y Decreasedutility’scostbyPVinstallation

y Verycontroversialissue
y Fuelonly?
y Maybe:lubeoil,fueltransportationcost,…
y NG?:distributioncost,#ofemployee,…

y CanreducedfuelcostimproveUtility’sP/L?
y ReducedfuelisjustafuelcostdowninLoss.
y Notaprofit

93
3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉IncentivesforPVsystem

NEM:SeychellesCase

94

3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉IncentivesforPVsystem

NEM:SeychellesCase,Domestic5kW
 Profit/Loss

95
3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy
䞉IncentivesforPVsystem

NEM:SeychellesCase,Domestic5kW
 NPV

96

3.6Legalsystemrelatedtorenewableenergy

„ Both FIT and NEM have issues.

„ Hard to maintain FIT price in long term
„ Network access charge … Fairness between PV owner and non-owner
„ Financial resource
„ Plan
„ Review current situations and select better scheme with cap
„ What is avoided cost?
„ Estimate economic effect on utility and PV owner side in NPV
„ Do [Implementation] Æ Check
„ Monitor PV penetration and analyze impact to utility
„ Act
„ Revise scheme periodically based on the evaluation

97
 4.MasterPlanforSeychelles

98

4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles
Basicitemsforestablishingamasterplan

99
4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles
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4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles

ShortperiodconstraintcalculationofthemaximumamountofREusingAlgebraicmethod)Ṟ

„ ImplementationofDieselGeneratortosecureoperationalreserveforrenewableenergy.
variationofthesystemconstant(%/Hz)

TargetofREin
WT 2020 5%

PV
TargetofREin
2030 15%

䐟 䐠

Longperiodconstraintcalculationof LongperiodconstraintcalculationofBatterystorage
REintegrationcapacitywithouttheuse systemimplementationamountusingHomersoftware
ofBatterystoragesystem䐠

Powersystemstabilizationstudyandimplementation(EMS,smartinverters, useofnetworkavailableload,etc)

EDCoperationwithperiodicalmeasurementonfuelconsumptionrate(L/kWh)to updatetheEDCtables

105
4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles Mahe Is.
(peakload6% annual rise)
Year 2030
Total solar power : 60,700 kW
Peak Load : 119,800 kW
Battery storage: 119,000 kWh
RE generation : 760,019,752 kWh/year
RE penetration : 15.02%

Year 2020
Total solar power : 14,500 kW
Peak Load : 66,900 kW
Battery storage: 0 kWh
RE generation : 420,631,178 kWh/year
RE penetration : 8.12%

106

4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles Mahe Is.

(6%peakloadyearincrement)
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㻼㻯㻿㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻜 㻜 㻞㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻠㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻢㻘㻢㻜㻜 㻥㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻘㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻠㻥㻘㻞㻞㻜 㻡㻡㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻣㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻤㻢㻘㻠㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻡㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻞㻠㻘㻠㻜㻜 㻝㻠㻣㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻠㻘㻡㻜㻜

㻼㼑㼍㼗㻌㻸㼛㼍㼐㻌㻔㼗㼃㻕㻌㻢㻑㻌㼍㼚㼚㼡㼍㼘㻌㼞㼕㼟㼑 㻡㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻡㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻡㻢㻘㻞㻜㻜 㻡㻥㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻢㻟㻘㻝㻜㻜 㻢㻢㻘㻥㻜㻜 㻣㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻣㻡㻘㻞㻜㻜 㻣㻥㻘㻣㻜㻜 㻤㻠㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻤㻥㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻥㻡㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻘㻢㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻢㻘㻢㻜㻜 㻝㻝㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻝㻥㻘㻤㻜㻜

㻼㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㻳㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻔㼗㼃㼔㻛㼥㼑㼍㼞㻕 㻟㻝㻟㻘㻝㻜㻟㻘㻡㻞㻝 㻟㻟㻝㻘㻤㻤㻥㻘㻜㻥㻢 㻟㻡㻞㻘㻝㻡㻞㻘㻟㻟㻝 㻟㻣㻟㻘㻢㻠㻢㻘㻡㻢㻜 㻟㻥㻢㻘㻠㻠㻞㻘㻡㻞㻥 㻠㻞㻜㻘㻢㻟㻝㻘㻝㻣㻤 㻠㻠㻢㻘㻞㻤㻢㻘㻢㻜㻞 㻠㻣㻟㻘㻠㻥㻝㻘㻡㻟㻢 㻡㻜㻞㻘㻟㻥㻞㻘㻤㻥㻣 㻡㻟㻞㻘㻥㻤㻝㻘㻝㻟㻤 㻡㻢㻡㻘㻠㻡㻣㻘㻟㻥㻢 㻡㻥㻥㻘㻥㻝㻢㻘㻡㻝㻝 㻢㻟㻢㻘㻠㻠㻤㻘㻞㻡㻣 㻏㻏㻏㻏㻏㻏㻏㻏㻏 㻣㻝㻢㻘㻟㻢㻜㻘㻥㻠㻠 㻣㻢㻜㻘㻜㻝㻥㻘㻣㻡㻞

㻾㻱㻌㼠㼛㼠㼍㼘㻌㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻔㼗㼃㼔㻕 㻝㻝㻘㻝㻝㻠㻘㻥㻝㻣 㻝㻤㻘㻜㻠㻞㻘㻢㻥㻡 㻞㻝㻘㻡㻜㻢㻘㻡㻤㻠 㻞㻡㻘㻟㻝㻢㻘㻤㻣㻠 㻞㻥㻘㻠㻣㻟㻘㻡㻡㻝 㻟㻠㻘㻝㻠㻥㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻟㻥㻘㻟㻠㻡㻘㻢㻟㻥 㻠㻠㻘㻤㻤㻣㻘㻤㻠㻥 㻡㻝㻘㻠㻢㻥㻘㻞㻠㻥 㻡㻣㻘㻤㻣㻣㻘㻠㻡㻥 㻢㻡㻘㻟㻞㻠㻘㻣㻥㻡 㻣㻟㻘㻠㻢㻠㻘㻥㻝㻥 㻤㻞㻘㻝㻞㻠㻘㻤㻟㻡 㻥㻞㻘㻝㻢㻥㻘㻥㻢㻣 㻝㻜㻞㻘㻟㻤㻤㻘㻠㻣㻥 㻝㻝㻠㻘㻝㻢㻡㻘㻢㻢㻟

㻾㼑㻌㼜㼑㼚㼑㼠㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻔㻑㻕 㻟㻚㻡㻡 㻡㻚㻠㻠 㻢㻚㻝㻝 㻢㻚㻣㻤 㻣㻚㻠㻟 㻤㻚㻝㻞 㻤㻚㻤㻞 㻥㻚㻠㻤 㻝㻜㻚㻞㻠 㻝㻜㻚㻤㻢 㻝㻝㻚㻡㻡 㻝㻞㻚㻞㻡 㻝㻞㻚㻥㻜 㻝㻟㻚㻢㻡 㻝㻠㻚㻞㻥 㻝㻡㻚㻜㻞

㻯㻻㻱㻌㻔㼁㻿㻰㻛㼗㼃㼔㻕 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻠㻟 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻞㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻟㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻠㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻣㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻢㻟 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻡㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻞㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻝㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻟㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻟㻟 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻠㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻠㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻟㻢 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻠㻢 㻜㻚㻞㻟㻠㻠

㻱㼤㼏㼑㼟㼟㻌㻱㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼕㼏㼕㼠㼥㻌㻔㼗㼃㼔㻛㼥㼑㼍㼞㻕 㻞㻚㻠㻜 㻞㻚㻝㻜 㻠㻚㻠㻜 㻠㻚㻞㻜 㻠㻚㻟㻜 㻠㻚㻞㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻟㻜 㻜㻚㻣㻜 㻜㻚㻥㻜

㻯㼍㼜㼍㼏㼕㼠㼥㻌㻿㼔㼛㼞㼠㼍㼓㼑㻌㻔㼗㼃㼔㻛㼥㼑㼍㼞㻕 㻠㻣㻘㻢㻝㻞㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜

Year 2020 Year 2030

Total solar power : 14,500 kW Total solar power : 60,700 kW
Peak Load : 66,900 kW Peak Load : 119,800 kW
Battery storage: 0 kWh Battery storage: 119,000 kWh
RE generation : 420,631,178 kWh/year RE generation : 760,019,752 kWh/year
RE penetration : 8.12% RE penetration : 15.02%

107
4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles Mahe Is.
(peakload3% annual rise)

Year2020 Year2030
Totalsolarpower:17,900kW Totalsolarpower:37,700kW
PeakLoad:58,000 kW PeakLoad:77,900kW
Batterystorage:1,530kWh Batterystorage:74,800kWh
REgeneration: 29,646,724kWh/year REgeneration:74,331,027kWh/year
REpenetration:8.14% REpenetration:15.06%

108

4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles Mahe Is.

(peakload3% annual rise)
LWHP\HDU                

'LHVHOJHQHUDWRUVWRWDORXWSXWN:                

'RPHVWLF39                

/DJRRQ39                

38& 39                

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Year 2020 Year 2030

Total solar power : 11,900 kW Total solar power : 37,700 kW
Peak Load : 58,000 kW Peak Load : 77,900 kW
Battery storage: 1,530 kWh Battery storage: 74,800 kWh
RE generation : 29,646,724 kWh/year RE generation : 74,331,027 kWh/year
RE penetration : 8.14% RE penetration : 15.06%

109
4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles
Praslin Is.+LaDigueIs.(peakload6% annual rise)
Year2030
kW Totalsolarpower:10,927kW
PeakLoad:24,700kW
Batterystorage:4,080kWh
DEG total output (kW)
REgeneration:18,930,436kWh/year
REpenetration:15.11%
Year2020
Totalsolarpower:2,127kW
PeakLoad:14,000 kW
Batterystorage:0kWh
REgeneration: 3,685,466kWh/year
REpenetration:5.46%

BatteryStoragesystemforlong
termfluctuationconstraints
RE:13%(PV8.9MW)

BatteryStoragesystemforshortterm
fluctuationconstraints
RE:1.65%(PV0.45 MW)

110

4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles
Praslin Is.+LaDigueIs.(peakload6% annual rise)

LWHP\HDU                

'LHVHOJHQHUDWRUVWRWDORXWSXWN:                

([LVWLQJ39N:                

38& 39N:                

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Year 2020 Year 2030

Total solar power : 2,127 kW Total solar power : 10,927 kW
Peak Load : 14,000 kW Peak Load : 24,700 kW
Battery storage: 0 kWh Battery storage: 4,080 kWh
RE generation : 3,685,466 kWh/year RE generation : 18,930,436 kWh/year
RE penetration : 5.46% RE penetration : 15.11%

111
4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles
Praslin Is.+LaDigueIs.(peakload3% annual rise)

DEG total output (kW) Year2030

Totalsolarpower:6,777kW
Year2020 PeakLoad:14,599kW
Totalsolarpower:1,807kW Batterystorage:2,380kWh
PeakLoad:10,838 kW REgeneration:11,740,356kWh/year
Batterystorage:0kWh REpenetration:15.02%
REgeneration: 3,130,412kWh/year
REpenetration:5.43%

BatteryStoragesystemforlong
termfluctuationconstraints
RE:13.14%(PV5.47MW)

BatteryStoragesystemforshort
termfluctuationconstraints
RE:2.63%(PV1.66MW)

112

4. MasterPlanforREimplementationinSeychelles
Praslin Is.+LaDigueIs.(peakload3% annual rise)
㼕㼠㼑㼙㻌㻛㻌㼅㼑㼍㼞 㻞㻜㻝㻡 㻞㻜㻝㻢 㻞㻜㻝㻣 㻞㻜㻝㻤 㻞㻜㻝㻥 㻞㻜㻞㻜 㻞㻜㻞㻝 㻞㻜㻞㻞 㻞㻜㻞㻟 㻞㻜㻞㻠 㻞㻜㻞㻡 㻞㻜㻞㻢 㻞㻜㻞㻣 㻞㻜㻞㻤 㻞㻜㻞㻥 㻞㻜㻟㻜

㻰㼕㼑㼟㼑㼘㻌㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼛㼞㼟㻌㼠㼛㼠㼍㼘㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻝㻝㻘㻜㻡㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻞㻝㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻞㻝㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻞㻝㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻞㻝㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻞㻝㻘㻡㻡㻜 㻞㻝㻘㻡㻡㻜

㻱㼤㼕㼟㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㻼㼂㻌㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻣㻣㻚㻜㻜

㻼㼁㻯 㻼㼂 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻞㻢㻜 㻡㻡㻜 㻤㻣㻜 㻝㻘㻞㻡㻜 㻝㻘㻢㻟㻜 㻞㻘㻜㻡㻜 㻞㻘㻠㻡㻜 㻞㻘㻤㻡㻜 㻟㻘㻟㻡㻜 㻟㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻠㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻠㻘㻤㻞㻜 㻡㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻡㻘㻥㻡㻜 㻢㻘㻢㻜㻜

㼀㼛㼠㼍㼘㻌㻿㼛㼘㼍㼞㻌㻼㼛㼣㼑㼞㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻝㻣㻣 㻠㻟㻣 㻣㻞㻣 㻝㻘㻜㻠㻣 㻝㻘㻠㻞㻣 㻝㻘㻤㻜㻣 㻞㻘㻞㻞㻣 㻞㻘㻢㻞㻣 㻟㻘㻜㻞㻣 㻟㻘㻡㻞㻣 㻟㻘㻥㻣㻣 㻠㻘㻠㻣㻣 㻠㻘㻥㻥㻣 㻡㻘㻠㻣㻣 㻢㻘㻝㻞㻣 㻢㻘㻣㻣㻣

㻮㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞㼥㻌㻿㼠㼛㼞㼍㼓㼑㻌㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻔㼗㼃㼔㻕 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻡㻝㻜 㻝㻘㻟㻢㻜 㻞㻘㻟㻤㻜

㻼㻯㻿㻔㼗㼃㻕 㻜 㻞㻢㻜 㻡㻡㻜 㻤㻣㻜 㻝㻘㻞㻡㻜 㻝㻘㻢㻟㻜 㻞㻘㻜㻡㻜 㻞㻘㻠㻡㻜 㻞㻘㻤㻡㻜 㻟㻘㻟㻡㻜 㻟㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻠㻘㻟㻜㻜 㻣㻘㻢㻡㻜 㻡㻘㻤㻝㻜 㻣㻘㻟㻝㻜 㻤㻘㻥㻤㻜

㻼㼑㼍㼗㻌㻸㼛㼍㼐㻌㻔㼗㼃㻕㻌㻟㻑㻌㼍㼚㼚㼡㼍㼘㻌㼞㼕㼟㼑 㻤㻘㻝㻜㻜 㻤㻘㻡㻤㻢 㻥㻘㻝㻜㻝 㻥㻘㻢㻠㻣 㻝㻜㻘㻞㻞㻡 㻝㻜㻘㻤㻟㻤 㻝㻝㻘㻝㻢㻟 㻝㻝㻘㻠㻥㻣 㻝㻝㻘㻤㻠㻝 㻝㻞㻘㻝㻥㻢 㻝㻞㻘㻡㻢㻝 㻝㻞㻘㻥㻟㻣 㻝㻟㻘㻟㻞㻡 㻝㻟㻘㻣㻞㻠 㻝㻠㻘㻝㻟㻡 㻝㻠㻘㻡㻡㻥

㻼㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㻳㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻔㼗㼃㼔㻛㼥㼑㼍㼞㻕 㻠㻞㻘㻤㻣㻞㻘㻡㻠㻤 㻠㻡㻘㻠㻤㻣㻘㻢㻥㻜 㻠㻤㻘㻞㻢㻜㻘㻜㻜㻞 㻡㻝㻘㻞㻜㻝㻘㻝㻟㻟 㻡㻠㻘㻟㻞㻡㻘㻡㻟㻣 㻡㻣㻘㻢㻟㻟㻘㻤㻝㻡 㻡㻥㻘㻠㻞㻞㻘㻢㻡㻢 㻢㻝㻘㻞㻡㻥㻘㻠㻞㻢 㻢㻟㻘㻝㻠㻥㻘㻡㻞㻟 㻢㻡㻘㻝㻝㻝㻘㻥㻝㻠 㻢㻣㻘㻝㻞㻜㻘㻣㻞㻜 㻢㻥㻘㻝㻥㻣㻘㻣㻣㻤 㻣㻝㻘㻟㻟㻢㻘㻣㻟㻝 㻣㻟㻘㻡㻠㻣㻘㻟㻣㻣 㻣㻡㻘㻤㻝㻢㻘㻥㻞㻣 㻣㻤㻘㻝㻢㻤㻘㻣㻡㻠

㻾㻱㻌㼠㼛㼠㼍㼘㻌㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻔㼗㼃㼔㻕 㻟㻜㻢㻘㻢㻟㻞 㻣㻡㻣㻘㻜㻡㻜 㻝㻘㻞㻡㻥㻘㻠㻠㻝 㻝㻘㻤㻝㻟㻘㻤㻜㻢 㻞㻘㻠㻣㻞㻘㻝㻝㻝 㻟㻘㻝㻟㻜㻘㻠㻝㻞 㻟㻘㻤㻡㻤㻘㻜㻝㻝 㻠㻘㻡㻡㻜㻘㻥㻢㻣 㻡㻘㻞㻠㻟㻘㻥㻞㻣 㻢㻘㻝㻝㻜㻘㻝㻞㻟 㻢㻘㻤㻤㻥㻘㻢㻤㻣 㻣㻘㻣㻡㻡㻘㻤㻢㻣 㻤㻘㻢㻡㻢㻘㻣㻞㻤 㻥㻘㻢㻢㻝㻘㻠㻥㻥 㻝㻜㻘㻢㻝㻠㻘㻟㻞㻠 㻝㻝㻘㻣㻠㻜㻘㻟㻡㻢

㻾㼑㻌㼜㼑㼚㼑㼠㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻔㻑㻕 㻜㻚㻣㻞 㻝㻚㻢㻢 㻞㻚㻢㻝 㻟㻚㻡㻠 㻠㻚㻡㻡 㻡㻚㻠㻟 㻢㻚㻠㻥 㻣㻚㻠㻟 㻤㻚㻟㻜 㻥㻚㻟㻤 㻝㻜㻚㻞㻢 㻝㻝㻚㻞㻝 㻝㻞㻚㻝㻠 㻝㻟㻚㻝㻠 㻝㻠㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻚㻜㻞

㻯㻻㻱㻌㻔㼁㻿㻰㻛㼗㼃㼔㻕 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻠㻝 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻢㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻢㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻡㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻠㻣 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻟㻝 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞㻟 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻝㻣 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻡㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞㻥 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻞㻤 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻟㻟 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻟㻥

㻱㼤㼏㼑㼟㼟㻌㻱㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼕㼏㼕㼠㼥㻌㻔㼗㼃㼔㻛㼥㼑㼍㼞㻕 㻜㻚㻞㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜

㻯㼍㼜㼍㼏㼕㼠㼥㻌㻿㼔㼛㼞㼠㼍㼓㼑㻌㻔㼗㼃㼔㻛㼥㼑㼍㼞㻕 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜

Year 2020 Year 2030

Total solar power : 1,807 kW Total solar power : 6,777 kW
Peak Load : 10,838 kW Peak Load : 14,599 kW
Battery storage: 0 kWh Battery storage: 2,380 kWh
RE generation : 3,130,412 kWh/year RE generation : 11,740,356 kWh/year
RE penetration : 5.43% RE penetration : 15.02%

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Thankyouforyourattention.

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