Chapter II

Review of related literature

Local Related Literature

According to New media & society 13 (3), 457-470, 2011 of Mirca Madianou and Daniel
Miller that The Philippines is an intensely migrant society with an annual migration of one million
people, leading to over a tenth of the population working abroad. Many of these emigrants are
mothers who often have children left behind. Family separation is now recognized as one of the
social costs of migration affecting the global south. Relationships within such transnational
families depend on long-distance communication and there is an increasing optimism among
Filipino government agencies and telecommunications companies about the consequences of
mobile phones for transnational families. This article draws on comparative research with UK-
based Filipina migrants — mainly domestic workers and nurses — and their left-behind children
in the Philippines. Our methodology allowed us to directly compare the experience of mothers and
their children. The article concludes that while mothers feel empowered that the phone has allowed
them to partially reconstruct their role as parents, their children are significantly more ambivalent
about the consequences of transnational communication.

Nowadays, many Filipino families depend on technology in communicating. Through the

use of the Internet, nothing seems to be impossible. The emergence of the Social Networking Sites
(SNS) made communication more accessible for everybody. Through Facebook, individuals may
communicate with others despite physical distance. This study aimed to determine the role of
Facebook in sustaining relationship among OFW families. The researchers used purposive
sampling to obtain the required information. The researchers surveyed Lyceum of the Philippines
University-Laguna (LPU-L) students who have parents working abroad, either their mother or
father or both parents. Before the actual survey, the researchers pre- tested the questionnaire for
30 students who also have parents working abroad. Then, the researchers conducted a survey
among of 44 respondents in LPU-L. Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that most of
the respondents connect with their parents abroad every other day from 1-2 hours. Their main
purpose of using Facebook is for family events or activities. Chat is the most used feature of
Facebook. The main role of Facebook in sustaining relationship among families of OFW is
bridging gap between families. The respondents are always keeping in touch to their parents abroad
through Facebook. By using Facebook, they maintain their relationship with their parents even if
they are far from each other.
Foreign Literature

According to Paltin (2011) In his article "Bridging Communication Gaps between Parents
and Children", he enumerated four examples of communication breakers namely: 1.Trying to
repeat our point over and over during the conversation 2. Pointing out how a child is saying
something in the middle of of their saying it 3."Why-ing" a conversation to death 4.Signalling
the child that you are getting frustrated with the tone of of your voice. Moreover,
Indiaparenting.com (2017) said in their article “Communication Gap between Parents and Kids’’
that communication gap between a parent and a child is very harmful for the development of
child. India parenting also reiterated that in order to break this gap one should be a good listener,
keep self-updated, bond with each other, be flexible with ideas and be a friend to children’s
friend.

Interpersonal communication has changed since the inception of the internet. Face-to-face
communication moved to computer-mediated communication (CMC). CMC users are mostly
younger people such as Generation Y. They are comfortable with using digital interactive
technologies for communication. The Baby Boomer generation, on the other hand, values face-to-
face communication. The different ways of communication causes conflict between these two
generations. The research question is: ‘How can the generational communication gap between the
Baby Boomer generation and Generation Y be closed in order to allow them to have meaningful
interpersonal communication?’ The research was done through a literature review within the cues-
filtered-out approach, using the social presence theory. The conclusion is that the meaning of
messages is often compromised in CMC because of the lack of nonverbal cues and social presence,
however rather than not communicating, people should communicate via digital media to meet
some of their relational needs.