ASSOCIATION OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING

TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF

PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL

Researchers:
Jephry Enrico M. Ani
Jhessa Abela
Axel Jay Andal
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a global health crisis

that has had a deep impact on the way we perceive our world and our everyday lives.

According to the Department of Health - Republic of the Philippines, suspected COVID-19

patients are defined as the presence of symptoms including cough, cold, body ache, headache,

loss of taste, fever as well as recent travel history. Physical interaction with people is restricted.

As of October 6, 2020, almost 36 million people have been infected and over one million have

died. In the Philippines, this translates into almost 325,000 infected and 6,000 deaths

(Worldometer, 2020). To control the spread of COVID-19, most governments have opted to

employ quarantine protocols and temporarily shut down their educational institutions. As a

consequence, more than a billion learners have been affected worldwide. Among this number

are over 28 million Filipino learners across academic levels who have to stay at home and

comply with the Philippine government’s quarantine measures (UNESCO, 2020).

The government through the initiative of the Department of Education (DepEd) has come

up with an effective way for every student to continue their education and this is called Online

Distance Learning. Online learning might be in terms of synchronous, real-time lectures and

time-based outcomes assessments, or asynchronous, delayed-time activities, like pre-recorded

video lectures and time-independent assessments (Oztok et al., 2013). This is the type of

learning that requires the availability of various types of gadgets such as mobile phone, laptop,

tablet and computer desktop as well as internet at exact hours as needed. Online platforms

such as Zoom, Edmodo, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, etc. are also used by students. All of

these platforms will work with the help of fast and stable internet connection. According to

Jamille Domingo- Marasigan, Education experts in the Philippines have revealed that both a

decent gadget and stable internet connection are two of the most important things that all

students and teachers should have in order to engage and rise above the challenges in the

country’s new distance learning techniques.

Online classes are especially challenging for all students who really are unfamiliar with

this type of learning method. Some students are unfamiliar with different platforms or different

types of gadgets. Other students are having issues with their internet connections, which is

causing some students to miss class. Some students do not even have the necessary

equipment to participate in online classes. They don’t have electronic devices such as

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computers, telephones and cameras. The number of these devices in households is often

limited which can be very inconvenient for online appointments, classes, and meetings that

take place simultaneously. To attend class online, the students will have the ability to

successfully log in, participate in classes, submit work, and communicate ith teachers and

classmates, availability of gadgets required for online class and most especially stable internet

connection. According to Purdue University Global, as an online student you can access class

wherever you have a connected device but a strong internet connection is required. Low

bandwidth and weak internet can affect how quickly you can connect and participate in class. It

may be easy to find a free Wi-Fi location but the quality of that connection may be spotty. If you

need to immediately work on something you’ll need a fast connection.

Parental involvement in the education of students during online class is very important.

The role of parents as para teachers is inevitable in this new normal mode of learning. Students

can no longer attend the face to face class so parents are the one who help the students to

comply with his or her online class. A strong and positive relationship between home and

school has a positive impact in the development and progress of the students’ learning.

Parents are the only ones with the students at home. They have a great responsibility to guide

their children in their studies. Parents of the students spend most of their time helping their

children navigate through platforms, working with students on homework and explaining the

curriculum. With this online learning, find more time, concentration and focus to support their

children to learn. According to Achieve Virtual Real Indiana Educators, students should see

their parents as their greatest cheerleaders and coaches, knowing a coach won’t be misleading

or overly positive, but constructive and goal-oriented. They need to reinforce the bigger picture

and how the responsibilities of today point to the larger intention. A parent who is overly

supportive can strip a student of their opportunity to learn and succeed on their own. Students

can become reliant on their parent’s support and especially in online learning. Finding the

appropriate parent coaching behavior can vary at different age groups and parents are required

to adapt to the changing needs of their growing child in the way they learn and how they

respond to learning.

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Background of the Study

Over 24 million Filipino students started classes again in the middle of a pandemic. As the

Philippine’s DepEd Secretary, Leonor Briones quipped, “Education must continue even in times

of crisis whether it may be a calamity, disaster, emergency, quarantine, or even

war.”(Department of Education, 2020). The Department of Education has shifted to distance

learning in response to President Rodrigo Duterte's directive for schools to pstpone face-to-

face classes until a coronavirus vaccine becomes available.

Online learning is one mode of distance education. It requires the availability of

computers and internet at exact hours as needed. Distance education is broadly characterized

as any form of learning experience where the learner and the instructor are physically

separated from each other not only by place but also by time. Moreover, this type of education

is a way of providing learning opportunities to every learner, whatever the circumstances might

be.

Online learning system with parental support guidelines could help in improving the bond

between children and their parents. Parental involvement matters for most attitudes and

displays a strong association with students’ self-efficacy. More specifically,emotional support is

found to be most beneficial when parents encourage their children to be confident and when

they support their children’s educational efforts and achievements. (OECD, Forthcoming[12];

Tuckett and Field, 2016) In a study of Curtis (2013) she investigated student achievement in a

full-time, online learning environment and the effect parents have on student success. Her

study revealed that the parents who reported that their children were successful in this

environment perceived that success was due in part to the fact that their students were

responsible for their own learning, were self-motivated, and were engaged and accountable for

their work. Parents' were available to monitor, mentor, and motivate the children.

Although it's reported that parents played the primary role of teacher in their child’s

education, some expressed concern that this role’s demands were beyond their schedule and

affected family dynamics. These parents expressed concern with the online school’s

expectations and perceived themselves as unqualified to support their child. Millions of

students and teachers have had to adjust to learning from home, which means that parents

have had to adjust too. They also carry the burden that comes with it. "My children really find it

difficult to cope. My youngest doesn't know how to use technology. I don't even know how to

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use cellphones and the internet. I'm really having a hard time because I am also working. I

don't know how I will guide my children. Their grandmother is the only one looking after them

and she doesn't know how to use the internet and social media. Our setup is, I would call them

while at work to answer their questions. This would be our daily routine. If I were to choose,

face-to-face is better but of course we have to consider that we're in a pandemic now and we

don't know when this will end." said Tringky Cortez, a mother of 4 who are all enrolled this

school year. She works as a laundry woman while her husband is a security guard – and their

pay is not enough to meet the requirements of distance learning, she told Rappler Philippines

in an interview on Monday, October 5, 2020.

Parents of young children disproportionately report that they struggle balancing their

work/daytime responsibilities and their children's schooling (51% for kindergarteners and 46%

for elementary schoolers, compared to 38% for all respondents) according to the Canvas. It is

especially challenging if the parents are working from home or offices, and have their own

schedules to follow. Keeping their children in check all the time, now that house help is not

available has become cumbersome and parents end up allowing the children to do things their

way.

The researcher decided to pursue this topic to know the association between parental

involvement in online distance learning to the academic performance of the Senior High School

students of Pedro S. Tolentino Memorial Integrated School. Additionally, the researchers want

to aid not only the students of Pedro S. Tolentino Memorial Integrated school, but all students

in the society, in order to help them improve in their academic performance. The researcher

became interested in the topic because of the situation that some of the learners did not know

the association between parental involvement in online distance learning and academic

performance. Furthermore, the researchers want to discover something new which will also

benefit not only for them but to all those who are interested in the topic.

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 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study is to know the association between parental involvements in

online distance learning to the academic performance of the Senior High School students of

Pedro S. Tolentino Memorial Integrated school and to describe what will happen if parents

involve themselves in the online learning of students.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the association between parental involvements in online distance

learning to the academic performance of the Senior High School students of Pedro S. Tolentino

Memorial Integrated School.

1. What are the positive and negative effects to the academic performance of the Senior High

School students because of the parents' being involved.

2.How can we know if the parent is actively engaged in the student’s academic performance.

3. Is there a significant relationship between parental involvements in online distance learning

to the academic performance of the students?

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is beneficial to the following:

Students. This study will help the students be more active in school, improve their skill and

character.

Parents. This study will give the parents awareness of the importance of parental involvement

on online distance learning.

Teachers. This study will help the teachers to make extra effort to be in partnerships with

parents who play important roles in the academic performance of their children.

School Administrators. This will help the school administrator to create programs that would

promote school and home partnerships.

Future Researchers. This research will aid them in providing additional information and

continuing to expand this study.

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Scope and Delimitation

This study highlights the association between parental involvements in online distance learning

to the academic performance of the respondents. This study is composed of Senior High School

students. This research was completed through conducting formal surveys with a maximum of

50 respondents from Pedro S. Tolentino Memorial Integrated School.

Limitation of the Study

In this study, we have faced a lot of problems in finding informational sources which we

will also interpret and explain every detail that will help every student or co-researchers to know

the association between parental involvement in online distance learning and the academic

performance of the students.

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 CHAPTER II

RELATED LITERATURE

This literature review focuses on research and studies of parental involvement on online

distance learning. You will learn how parental involvement in online learning in the academic

growth of students, according to the studies and research in this review.

According to the study of (Christenson and Reschly, 2018). From this approach, families

and schools are the main actors in the construction of their roles and forms of involvement,

generating new and varied actions to relate to each other according to the specific educational

context. The main findings in the family-school field show a positive influence of this

partnership, contributing to academic achievement and performance, among other positive

consequences (Epstein and Sander, 2017; Hotz and Pantano, 2015; Sebastian et al., 2017).

There is also strong support from international research showing the positive influence of

parental involvement over academic achievement, as has been demonstrated in a variety of

meta-analyses across different populations and educational levels (Castro et al., 2015; Jeynes,

2018; Ma et al., 2018). Moreover, although there is a wide range of parental involvement

definitions, some more general and others more specifics, there is a consensus among research

results about the positive influence of parental involvement over child academic achievement.

For example, in the meta-synthesis of Wilder (2017), where nine meta-analyses are analyzed,

this influence was consistent throughout the studies, regardless the different definitions and

measures used.

However, most of the studies on parental involvement in education hail from anglophone

countries and are based on cross-sectional and correlational designs (Garbacz et al., 2017)

while in Latin America research remains scarce. In a recent systematic review of the literature on

parental involvement in education in Latin America, only one Mexican study from 1998 was

found which was also heavily influenced by interventions from the United States (Roth Eichin

and Volante Beach, 2018). Chile has acknowledged the importance of collaborative relationships

between families and schools developing a National Policy for Fathers, Mothers and Legal

Guardians Participation in the Educational System (Política de Participación de Padres, Madres

y Apoderados/as en el Sistema Educativo) in 2002 which was recently updated in 2017

(Ministerio de Educación, Gobierno de Chile, 2019). Since the publication of this policy various

local initiatives have sprouted in the country seeking to strengthen school family relations

(Saracostti-Schwartzman, 2017). Nevertheless, the majority of research in the country has thus

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far been of a qualitative nature with a focus on describing relations between family members and

their schools, and identifying tensions between these two spheres (Gubbins, 2018).

Thus, this study seeks to advance the analysis of the effects of parental involvement in

school on the academic achievement of Chilean students. The study aims to analyse how

different parental involvement profiles (based on the main forms of parental involvement

identified in literature) influence children’s academic achieved. Parental involvement can take a

wide variety of forms, among them, communication between family and school, supporting

learning activities at home and involvement in school activities have been highlighted (Schueler

et al., 2017), these are included in this study using the scales proposed by Hoover-Dempsey and

Sandler (2018).

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 CHAPTER lll

RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study, data gathering

instrument, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data utilized in the study.

Research Design

The researchers used the correlational design which is used to collect information and to

identify the correlation between parental involvement in online distance learning to the

academic performance of the respondents as perceived by some of the Senior High School

students of Pedro S. Tolentino Memorial Integrated School . The researchers utilized a self-

made questionnaire in gathering the data needed.

Subjects of the Study

This study used 50 Senior High School students who came from Pedro S. Tolentino

Memorial Integrated School as respondents of the study. This study will be conducted at Ilijan,

Batangas City.

Data Gathering Instrument

The researchers utilized a self-made questionnaire as the main tool in gathering relevant

data needed. Before coming up with the questionnaire, the researchers reviewed unpublished

theses, books, and the internet which served as their basis for questionnaire items.

The questionnaire consisted of three parts. The first part of the questionnaire dealt with

the demographic profile of the students. The second part of the questionnaire is all about the

parental involvement which are addressed by the choices agree, strongly agree, disagree, and

strongly disagree. The last part is all about the academic performance of the students which

are also addressed by the choices: agree, strongly agree, disagree, and strongly disagree. The

questionnaire made was distributed to the target respondents.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers brought the request letter to the principal of the chosen school to gather

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 data and conduct a survey on the effects of the parental involvement in online distance learning

to the academic performance by the respondents.

The content of the questionnaire and the process of answering it were explained to the

respondents. The respondents’ answers were kept confidential. The filled up questionnaires

were tailed and tabulated for statistical data.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Statistical Treatment of data is essential in order to make use of the data in the right form.

To enable the researcher to come up with credible constructions of data gathered. To impulse

control problems and related to the association between parental involvements in online distance

learning to the academic performance of the Senior High School students. The following

statistical tools were used.

Frequency. This was used to determine the number of respondents for every data. It is the first

step in summarizing and describing the data gathered.

Percentage. It was used to determine what part of the total number of the respondents agreed

on a particular item.

Number of Respondents. The number of the people answered the survey questionnaire.

P= perecentage

F= frequency

N= number of the respondents

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