Mr.

Potter - AP Human Geography Name: _________________

Due: August 14th, 2019 Period X

Chapter 1: This is Geography - pp. 36 - 72

Make a copy of this for your assignment on Chapter 1 - due the first day of class, August 14, 2019
All chapter notes are due by the beginning of the class for which they are assigned in either google doc or
word doc or notes doc format.
This left-hand column is This column is for your notes on each of the 13 text chapters -
for your thinking about the approximately 30 - 40 pages each.
notes you take in the right
hand column, and can take Start with 12 pt font, but 10 is still permissible.
several forms:
- Connections to other Maintain key issues (number/capital/bold), section (capital/bold) and
things you know subsection (bold) headings.
- Comments/Reactions on
why something is Include the entire chapter while at the same time getting your notes to be no
important or interesting to more than 7 pages (reduce the material to its essentials).
you
- Questions you have - Purposes:
rhetorical or ones you want 1) Learn the material thoroughly for quizzes/tests and
to ask in class 2) Get the roughly 500 pages of text into a 90 page review packet for
- Guesses on how yourself to use in April 2020.
something might end up on
an HGAP test
- Other ways you show you
are thinking about the
material

This bottom section is for a holistic summary of this page -- something you can look at later to quickly see
what’s here.
 Mr. Potter - AP Human Geography
Due: August 14th, 2019
So far I’m not seeing how
Geo is a science -- are there Region: area with distinct characteristics. Lux = capitol of Lux, in Europe
experiments, hypotheses,
data to prove or disprove?
Like five themes of
geography I’ve learned
before - which also
includes location and
human-environment
interaction as keys to why
a place is unique
Oh I get it - by making
maps they hypothesize
about Earth’s features -
size, continent’s shapes and
origins, etc. Hence its a
science
Summary
There are set ways and vocabulary for analyzing locations on the earth -- and humans have been doing
this starting in ancient times and all the way up to today when we use both sophisticated technology and
crowd-sourced methods.
Name: _________________
Period X
Chapter 1 – This is Geography: pp 36 - 72
KEY ISSUE 1: WHY IS GEOGRAPHY A SCIENCE?
Geography = the study of where things are and why they are there.
H Geography = study of where people/activities are and why there.
Cause and effect spatially (whereas history = cause-effect in time.
1.1.1. INTRODUCING GEOGRAPHY
Luxemburg example -
Place: specific point. Lux = hillside above Alzette River
Scale: difference between area and whole Earth. Lux has distinct local
products, but also global reach as HQ of European Union
Space: Physical gap between objects. Lux = South dense population, while
North is sparse.
Connection: Relation between people/objects across space. Lux = connects
to other areas by road, rail, river.
1.1.2 CARTOGRAPHY: THE SCIENCE OF MAPMAKING
Geography in the Ancient World: First map in Catalhoyuk 6200 BC.
Ancient maps used geometry, sailor’s knowledge, proposed theories of
Earth’s shape, Earth’s size, identified areas far away for trade, economic
regions of difference provinces.
Geography’s Revival: Accurate maps needed for exploration of Columbus
and Magellan. Abraham Ortelius proposed continental drift theory.
1.1.3 CONTEMPORARY GEOGRAPHY TOOLS
Pinpointing Locations: GPS: Global Positioning System is to determine
precise locations using satellites, tracking stations, and a receiver. Used by
all of us but also Geographers to code specific locations in fieldwork.
Geotagging: ID and store info with precise latitude/longitude.
Analyzing Data: GI-Science: Analysis of data from satellites/electronics.
Geographic information system (GIS): captures/shotes/displays geo data.
Remote sensing: long distance acquisition of data (satellites). All of this
allows geographers to measure changes over time or space in the
characteristics of places - e.g. low income areas + life expectancy data.
Collecting and Sharing Data: VGI: creation/dissemination of geo data by
volunteers, part of citizen science and participatory GIS = community based
 Mr. Potter - AP Human Geography
Due: August 14th, 2019
Seems like those away
from the equator (the more
economically developed
societies) have historically
liked Mercator because it
makes them look bigger -
add to that the decision to
put zero longitude in
England and you have
Geographic bias!!
Shanghai’s Longitude and
latitude: 31.2304° N,
121.4737°
How would I locate
Concordia’s Long/Lat?
Book claims Geo is a
science because latitudes
are scientifically derived
from the Earth’s surface.
Summary
Name: _________________
Period X
mapping, e.g. OpenStreetMap. Mashup: overlaying data on top of a
mapping service like Google Earth.
1.1.4 INTERPRETING MAPS
Map Scale: Cartographers first decide on scale -- how much to show. The
ratio shows the relation of the distance on the map to the distance on earth:
e.g. 1:1,000,000 cm means 1 cm on the map is a million cm on Earth.
Projection: Since the earth is round and maps are flat there are unavoidable
distortions. Projection is transferring the rounded data to the flat map.
Depending on how its done, maps distort shape, distance, relative size, and
direction. e.g. Mercator doesn’t distort shape but distorts relative size
(Greenland bigger than Africa which isn’t true).
1.1.5 THE GEOGRAPHIC GRID
Latitude and Longitude: geographic grid is the imaginary arcs (meridians
going north-south, aka longitudes and the parallels going east-west, aka
latitudes. Primer Meridian, 0° longitude is through Greenwich England, ),
0° latitude is the equator. More precise when divided each degree into 60
minutes, and each minute into 60 seconds.
Telling Time: About every 15° of longitude is a time zone.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the reference point for all other time on
earth. Times zones can shift with summer movement of clocks one hour
ahead, so e.g. Santiago Chile is 4 hours earlier than GMT in winter and 3
hours ahead in summer. International Date Line at 180° longitude is where
you adjust the clock 24 hours if you cross it.
 Mr. Potter - AP Human Geography Name: _________________
Due: August 14th, 2019 Period X

Summary
 Mr. Potter - AP Human Geography Name: _________________
Due: August 14th, 2019 Period X

Summary
Mr. Potter - AP Human Geography Name: _________________
Due: August 14th, 2019 Period X