TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

13 Light and Reflection Solution

Rearrange the equation to isolate the
FLAT MIRRORS image distance, and calculate.
1. b 5. c 1/q  1/f 1/p
2. d 6. d 1/q  1/20.0 cm  1/50.0 cm 
3. a 7. b 0.0500/1 cm  0.0200/1 cm 
4. b 8. b 0.0300/1 cm
9. Answers may vary. Sample answer: q  33.3 cm
Virtual; the rays that form the image
appear to come from a point behind 13 Light and Reflection
the mirror.
10. COLOR AND POLARIZATION
1. c 5. b
Eye p q
1 2. a 6. a
3. d 7. c
2
4. b 8. d
h q h
9. Answers may vary. Sample answer: In
q
the correct proportions, a mixture of
the three primary pigments produces
Object Image
a black mixture because all colors
are subtracted or absorbed from white
Mirror light.
10. Answers may vary. Sample answer: By
rotating a polarizing substance in the
13 Light and Reflection beam of light. If the light intensity
CURVED MIRRORS changes as the polarizing substance is
1. a 5. b rotated and eventually no light can
2. b 6. c pass through, the beam of light is
3. c 7. d polarized.
4. b 8. a
9. Answers may vary. Sample answer: A 14 Refraction
spherical mirror is a portion of a
spherical shell. In contrast, a parabolic REFRACTION
mirror is made from segments of a 1. d 5. a
reflecting paraboloid. With a parabolic 2. c 6. b
mirror, all rays parallel to the principal 3. a 7. c
axis converge at the focal point 4. b 8. d
regardless of where on the mirror’s 9. Answers may vary. Sample answer: As
surface the rays reflect. Thus, a real wave fronts enter a transparent
image forms without spherical aberra- medium, they slow down, but the
tion. wave fronts that have not yet reached
10. 33.3 cm the surface of the medium continue to
Given move at the same speed. During this
f  20.0 cm time the slower wave fronts travel a
p  50.0 cm smaller distance than do the original
The mirror is concave, so f is positive. wave fronts, so the entire plane wave
The object is in front of the mirror, so changes directions.
p is positive. 10. 31.6°
Given
ni  1.333
nr  1.458
qi  35.0º

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Holt Physics 165 Answer Key
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Solution 10. 47.29°
Rearrange the Snell’s law, ni sin qi  Given
nr sin qr, and solve for qr. ni  1.361
ni nr  1.000

qr  sin1 (sin qi) 
nr  Solution
1.333 Use the critical angle equation,

sin1 (sin 35.0º)  31.6°
1.458  sin qc  nr/ni, and solve for c.
n 1.000
14 Refraction  
qc  sin1 r  sin1  
ni 
1.361 
47.29º
THIN LENSES
1. b 5. c
2. b 6. b 15 Interference and
3. a 7. c Diffraction
4. d 8. c
9. Answers may vary. Sample answer: The INTERFERENCE
image formed by the first lens is treated 1. a 5. d
as the object for the second lens. 2. b 6. c
10. 1.00
102 cm 3. a 7. c
Given 4. d 8. a
p  25.0 cm 9. Both coherent and incoherent waves
f  20.0 cm are periodic disturbances that transfer
energy. Coherent waves have wave-
Solution
lengths that are equal and travel in
Rearrange the thin lens equation,
phase. Incoherent waves usually do
1 1 1
    , and solve for q. not have equal wavelengths and do not
p q f travel in phase.
1 1 1 1 1 10. 610 nm
         
q f p 20.0 cm 25.0 cm Given
0.0500 0.0400 0.0100 d  2.1
103 mm
     q  17.0°
1 cm 1 cm 1 cm
m1
q  1.00
102 cm Solution
dsinq  ml
14 Refraction dsinq
l   
OPTICAL PHENOMENA m
1. c 5. d (2.1
103 mm)(sin17.0°)
 
2. d 6. a 1
3. b 7. a 6.1
102 nm
6.1
104 mm 
4. b 8. d
9. Answers may vary. Sample answer:
When an observer views a raindrop 15 Interference and
high in the sky, the red light reaches
the observer, but the violet light, like
Diffraction
the other spectral colors, passes over DIFFRACTION
the observer because it deviates from 1. c 5. a
the path of the white light more than 2. b 6. c
the red light does. 3. d 7. b
4. a 8. d

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Holt Physics 166 Answer Key
 TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

10. b 20. q  20.0 cm

Given M 
2.00
f  10.0 cm
Mirror
q  30.0 cm 2
2
Solution 3

Rearrange the mirror equation, 1

C F
1 1 1 3 Principal axis Object Image

  , and solve for p.
p q f
1
Front of Back of
1 1 1 1 1
          mirror mirror
p f q 10.0 cm 30.0 cm
3 1 2 Given
     h  2.00 cm
30.0 cm 30.0 cm 30.0 cm
R  40.0 cm
p  15 cm p  10.0 cm
11. d Solution
12. d Since R  40.0 cm, f  20.0 cm.
13. c Rearrange the mirror equation,
14. d
1 1 1
15. The ultraviolet portion of the electro- 
  , and solve for q.
p q f
magnetic spectrum is made of suffi-
ciently high frequency (i.e., high 1 1 1 1 1
        
energy) electromagnetic radiation that q f p 20.0 cm 10.0 cm
can destroy bacteria or other 1 2 1
pathogens.      
20.0 cm 20.0 cm 20.0 cm
16. Electromagnetic waves are distin-
q  20.0 cm
guished by their different frequencies
Since q is negative, the image is
and wavelengths.
located 2.0  101 cm behind the
17. Luminous flux is a measure of the
mirror.
amount of light emitted from a light
q (20.0 cm)
source. It is measured in lumens. M      
2.00
Illuminance is a derived unit that p 10.0 cm
indicates the relationship between
luminous flux and the distance from Refraction
the light source squared. Illuminance
CHAPTER TEST A (GENERAL)
is the ratio of lumens/m2.
1. b 11. c
18. 52°; According to the law of reflection,
2. b 12. a
the angle of incidence is equal to the
3. c 13. a
angle of reflection.
4. c 14. a
19. When the candle is at the focal point,
5. d 15. c
the image is infinitely far to the left
6. a 16. b
and therefore is not seen, as shown in
7. a 17. a
the answer diagram.
8. c 18. a
Mirror
9. d 19. b
3 10. c 20. d
1
21. The speed of light decreases.
Principal 3
Object 22. The image is upright and virtual.
axis
C F 23. The index of refraction of the first
1 Front of Back of medium must be greater than the
mirror mirror index of refraction of the second
medium.

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Holt Physics 201 Chapter Test
 TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

24. Each colored component of the 10. c

incoming ray is refracted depending 11. when the difference between the sub-
on its wavelength. The rays fan out stances’ indices of refraction is the
from the second face of the prism to greatest
produce a visible spectrum. 12. An object placed just outside the focal
25. 16.7° length of the objective lens forms a
Given real, inverted image just inside the
qi  28.0° focal point of the eyepiece. This eye-
ni  1.00 piece, the second lens, serves to mag-
nr  1.63 nify the image.
Solution 13. In order to be seen, the object under a
Rearrange Snell’s law, ni sin qi  nr microscope must be at least as large
sin qr, and solve for qr. as a wavelength of light. An atom is
many times smaller than a wavelength
ni


qr  sin1 (sin qi) 
nr
 of visible light.
14. A light ray represents the direction of
1
sin

1.00
 (sin 28.0°) 
1.63
 16.7° propagation of a planar wave front,
which is the superposition of all the
spherical wave fronts. As these wave
Refraction fronts enter a transparent medium, all
of them strike the surface simultane-
CHAPTER TEST B (ADVANCED) ously and experience a similar change
1. b in velocity at the same instant.
2. c Although this results in a change in
3. a the overall wavelength of the spherical
4. a wave fronts, there is no change in the
5. b direction of the wave fronts relative to
6. d each other. Therefore, no refraction
Solution occurs.
Rearrange Snell’s law, ni sin qi  nr 15. A real, inverted image that is smaller
sin qr, and solve for qr. than the object will form between F
ni


qr  sin1  (sin qi) 
nr
 and 2F.

1.00
sin1  (sin 3.0  101°)  18°
1.65

7. d Object
Image
8. a Front 2F F F 2F Back

Solution
Use the thin-lens equation to find f.
1 1 1 1 1
  
  
 
f p q 20.0 cm 8.00 cm 16. The light will undergo total internal
0.0500 0.125 0.175 reflection.

   17. Rays of light from the sun strike
1 cm 1 cm 1 cm
Earth’s atmosphere and are bent
f  5.71 cm because the atmosphere has an index
9. a of refraction greater than that of the
near-vacuum of space.
Solution
Use the magnification of a lens
h
equation, M  , to find M.
h
h (151 cm)
M      141
h (1.07 cm)

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Holt Physics 202 Chapter Test
 TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

18. Dispersion is the process of separating Interference and Diffraction

polychromatic light into its component
wavelengths because n is a function of CHAPTER TEST A (GENERAL)
wavelength for all material mediums. 1. b 9. a
Snell’s law states that the angles of 2. b 10. c
refraction will be different for differ- 3. a 11. b
ent wavelengths even if the angles of 4. c 12. a
incidence are the same. 5. c 13. c
19. 48 cm 6. d 14. d
Given 7. c 15. d
p  24 cm 8. b
f  16 cm (f is positive, since this is a 16. Diffraction is a change in the direction
converging lens) of a wave when the wave encounters
an obstacle, an opening, or an edge.
Solution
17. spectrometer
Rearrange the thin-lens equation,
18. A spectrometer separates light from
1 1 1

  , and solve for q. a source into its monochromatic
p q f components.
1 1 1 1 1 19. Resolving power is the ability of an
         
q f p 16 cm 24 cm optical instrument to separate two
0.063 0.042 0.021 images that are close together.
     20. 480 nm
1 cm 1 cm 1 cm
q  48 cm (since q is positive, the Solution
image is real and in back of the lens) d sin q  ml
20. 11 cm d sin q
l   
Given m
F0  1.00 cm (2.5  106 m)(sin 35°)
p0  1.25 cm  
3
Fe  1.50 cm
pe  1.50 cm  0.180 cm  1.32 cm 4.8  107 m  4.8  102 nm
Solution
The focal length and object distance of
the objective lens do not enter into the Interference and Diffraction
calculation. CHAPTER TEST B (ADVANCED)
The image of the objective lens is the 1. a 4. c
object of the eyepiece lens. 2. b 5. c
Rearrange the thin-lens equation, 3. c 6. d
1 1 1 7. d

  , and solve for q.
p q f Solution
1 1 1 1 1 d sin q  ml
          d sin q
qe fe pe 1.50 cm 1.32 cm l   
m
0.667 0.758 0.091
     (4.0  105 m)(sin 2.2°)
1 cm 1 cm 1 cm  
qe  11 cm (since q is negative, the 2
image is virtual and in front of the lens)
7.7  107 m  7.7  102 nm

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Holt Physics 203 Chapter Test