CURVILINEAR TRANSLATION FLIGHT OF PROJECTILE, Air Resistance Neglected

VELOCITY IN CURVILINEAR MOTION

- Velocity is always directed tangent to the curved path.

gx 2
y = x tan θ −
2V 2 cos 2 θ
x = V cos θ t
1
y = V sin θt − gt 2
2
V 2 sin2 θ
H=
2g
V 2 sin 2θ
R=
Vx = horizontal component of the velocity g
Vy = vertical component of the velocity
θx = slope of the curve path Problem 1:

A girl at A throws a banana directly at a monkey perched on a

2 branch at B. If the initial speed of the banana is 16 m⁄s and
V = √(Vx )2 + (Vy )
the monkey, out of fright, happens to fall from rest off the
dy branch at the instant the banana is released at A.
tan θx =
dx
dS instantaneous velocity at A which
V= =
dt is tangent to the path at A

RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF ACCELERATION

- The direction of the acceleration vector is not tangent to

the path. Determine the:

a. angle that the banana is thrown from the horizontal

b. time that the monkey falls from the tree until it catches
the banana
c. distance that the monkey falls before it catches the
banana

Problem 2:

A projectile is launched upward and to the right at an initial

a x = horizontal component of the acceleration
a y = vertical component of the acceleration
θx = slope of the curve path
slope of 4 vertical to 3 horizontal and hits the ground at a point
2 m lower than that of the origin. The maximum height of its
flight is attained 8 m away from the origin.

2
a = √(a x )2 + (a y )

d2 y
tan θx =
d2 x

INSTANTANEOUS RADIUS OF CURVATURE Compute the:

V2
r= a. initial velocity
an
b. maximum height from the origin that the projectile can
[1 + (y′)2 ]3⁄2 attain
r=
y′′ c. total horizontal distance traveled by the projectile
CE 322 -DYNAMI CS OF RI GI D BODI ES 1|P a g e
Problem 3: TANGENTIAL AND NORMAL COMPONENTS OF
ACCELERATION
The 1,360 kg car travels along a straight road of increasing
grade whose vertical profile is given by the equation y =
0.0003x 2 . The magnitude of the cars velocity is constant at
100 kph. Calculate the:

a. x-component of the velocity of the car at x = 200 m

b. y-component of the total force acting on the car
including its weight at x = 200 m
c. x-component of the total force acting on the car
including its weight at x = 200 m

Problem 4:

As shown in the figure, a projectile of weight W is fired from

A at an angle 90° from the inclined plane. It lands at a distance
of 70 m from A as measured along the inclined plane.

Determine the:

a. initial velocity Vo
b. maximum height "h" reached by the projectile a t = tangential acceleration
c. time the projectile reaches the inclined plane at a
distance 70 m as measured along the inclined plane (rate of change in magnitude
dV
at = of velocity and it will be zero
dt if the speed is constant)

Problem 5: a x Vx + a y Vy
at =
V
A projectile is fired from the vertical tube mounted on the
vehicle which is traveling at a constant speed of 30 kph. The
projectile leaves the tube with a velocity Vr = 20 m⁄s relative a n = normal acceleration
to the tube.
V2
an =
r
V = rω
a n = rω2

a y Vx − a x Vy
an =
V

Neglecting air resistance, compute the:

a. distance traveled by the vehicle during the flight of the 2

V = √(Vx )2 + (Vy )
projectile where the projectile will land on the vehicle
at the tube location 2
b. time of flight of the projectile until such time it will a = √(a x )2 + (a y )
land back on the vehicle at the tube location
c. maximum height that the projectile has traveled

ω = angular speed in rad⁄sec

V = velocity at any point which is tangent to the path
r = radius of curvature at any point A

a = √(a t )2 + (a n )2
CE 322 -DYNAMI CS OF RI GI D BODI ES 2|P a g e
Problem 1: Problem 4:

A particle is moving along a curved path. At a certain instant A race driver traveling at a speed of 250 kph on a straightway
when the slope of the path is 0.75, a x = 6 fps 2 and a y = applies his brakes at point A and reduces his speed at a
10 fps 2 . uniform rate to 200 kph at C in a distance of 150 + 150 =
300 m.

Calculate the:
Compute the:
a. velocity at point B
a. normal acceleration b. normal acceleration at point B
b. total acceleration c. magnitude of the total acceleration of the race car an
c. tangential acceleration instant after it passes point B

Problem 2: Problem 5:
A boy rides a skate board on the concrete surface of an empty The Cartesian coordinates of a point (in meters) are:
drainage canal described by the equation y = 0.03x 2 . He
starts at y = 20 ft and the magnitude of his velocity is x = 2t + 4 y = t 3 − 3t z = 2t 2 − 4
approximated by V = √2(32.2)(20 − y) fps.
Determine the:
a. magnitude of the velocity of the point at t = 2 sec
b. magnitude of the acceleration of the point at t = 2 sec
c. coordinates of the point when t = 2 sec

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
Determine the:
- Whenever a body rotates about an axis at a speed of ω,
a. velocity of the boy when he reaches the bottom there exist a force called centrifugal force directed away
b. instantaneous radius of curvature of the boy’s path from the axis of rotation.
when he reaches the bottom
c. normal component of his acceleration when he reaches W 2 WV 2
the bottom CF = mω2 r = ω r=
g gr

where:

Problem 3: V = rω
r = radius of rotation
The particle P moves in a circular path shown. In each case the
particle is in the position as shown in the figure.

Problem 1:

A solid block having a weight of 160 N is placed at a distance

of 1.4 m from the center of the circular platform having a
radius of 3 m. If the platform is to be rotated at a speed of
20 rpm. Compute the:

a. tangential velocity at the end of the platform

Determine the magnitude of the acceleration when: b. minimum coefficient of friction between the block and
the platform before the block start to slide
a. the speed V = 1.2 m⁄s is constant
c. force that prevents the block to slide
b. the speed is 1.2 m⁄s and is increasing at a rate
of 2.4 m⁄s each second
c. the speed is 1.2 m⁄s and is decreasing at the rate of
4.8 m⁄s each second
CE 322 -DYNAMI CS OF RI GI D BODI ES 3|P a g e
Problem 2: PENDULUM

The simple 2 kg pendulum is released from rest in the

horizontal position. As it reaches the bottom position, the
chord warps around the smooth fixed pin at B, and continues
in the smaller arc in the vertical plane. Compute the:

a. velocity of the pendulum when θ = 30°

b. tension in the chord when the pendulum passes the
position of θ = 30°
c. magnitude of the force R supported by the pin at B
Wω2 r
when the pendulum passes the position θ = 30° CF ω2 r V 2
g
tan θ = = = =
W W g gr
T = W sec θ
r
sin θ =
L

Problem 1:

As shown in the figure, a bob of weight W = 100 lb is

moving with a constant velocity of V = 8.03 fps in a
horizontal plane at the end of chord of length L = 18 in.
Because the string generates a cone while in motion, the
system is called a conical pendulum.
Problem 3:

Starting from rest when θ = 20°, a 35 kg child slides with

negligible friction down the sliding board which is in the
shape of a 2.5 m circular arc. Determine the:

a. speed of the child when θ = 30°

b. tangential acceleration of the child when θ = 30°
c. normal force exerted on her when θ = 30°

a. Determine the inclination of the chord with the vertical

required to complete one revolution.
b. Determine the tension in the supporting chord required
to complete one revolution.
c. Determine the period or time required to complete one
revolution.

Problem 2:
Problem 4:
In the figure shown, the 20 lb ball is forced to rotate around
A small vehicle enters the top A of the circular path with a
the smooth inside the surface of a conical shell at the rate of
horizontal velocity of Vo = 5 m⁄s and gathers a speed as it π
moves down the path. Determine the: one revolution in sec. Assuming that g = 32 fps 2 .
4

a. angle θ where the vehicle leaves the path at B and

becomes a projectile
b. velocity of the vehicle at B
c. angle θ if the horizontal velocity at A is equal to zero

a. Find the tension in the chord.

b. Find the force on the conical shell.
c. At what speed in rpm will the force on the shell
become zero?
CE 322 -DYNAMI CS OF RI GI D BODI ES 4|P a g e
Problem 3:
The hammer of an impact testing machine weighs 64.4 lb as
shown in the figure. It is attached to the end of a light rod 4 ft
long which is pivoted to a horizontal axis at A
2. Ideal angle of banking, considering friction force exerted
by the road on tires when a car is rounding the curve with
a velocity greater than the rated speed of the curve

Compute the:
WV2
a. bearing reaction on the pivot an instant after being gr
tan(θ + ∅) =
released from the given position W

b. bearing reaction just before impact at B if the velocity V2

tan(θ + ∅) =
of the hammer is then 5.9 fps 2 gr

V2
tan(θ + ∅) =
gr
BANKING OF HIGHWAY CURVES (If the car is on the point of slipping up the plane
of banking)
1. Ideal angle of banking, neglecting friction

V2
tan(θ − ∅) =
gr

(If the car is on the point of slipping down the

plane of banking)

Problem 1:

The super elevation of a railroad track is the number of

millimeters that the outside rail is raised to prevent side thrust
on the wheel flanges of cars rounding the curve at rated speed.

a. Determine the super elevation "e" for a track having a

gauge of 1.45 m of 600 m radius at a rated speed of
WV2 100 kph
gr
tan θ = b. What is the flange pressure P on the wheels of a
W 450 kN car that rounds the curve art 126 kph?
V2
tan θ =
gr

θ = ideal angle of banking

Consider a car having a weight of W which travel around

a horizontal curve of given radius at a certain velocity V.
WV2
A centrifugal force is acting through its centroid to
gr
create a dynamic equilibrium. The curve is banked at an
angle θ with the horizontal so that there will be no
tendency to slide up or down the road sometimes it is
called the impact factor. The resultant normal pressure
against the wheels is equal to N. The velocity of the car in
this case is often called the rated speed of the curve.

CE 322 -DYNAMI CS OF RI GI D BODI ES 5|P a g e

Problem 2:

A car weighing 15,000 N rounds a curve of 60 m radius

banked at angle 30°. Find the friction force acting on the tires
when the car is traveling at 100 kph. The coefficient of
friction between the tires and the road is 0.90.

Problem 3:

The coefficient of friction between the road and the tires of the
car shown is 0.60. This car weighs 15,000 N. It is rounding a
curve of 150 m radius at maximum speed.

a. What is the value of the friction force under each

wheel?
b. How high above the road must the center of gravity be
to limit this maximum speed by the tendency to
overturn?

CE 322 -DYNAMI CS OF RI GI D BODI ES 6|P a g e