Wooden Pendulum Dimension

0.8m
0.05m

0.025 0.08
mm m
0.45m

0.04 0.71m
Figure 1 : Wooden Pendulum Dimension

Sample Calculation

Volume: Component 1 : 0.8 x 0.08 x 0.01 = 6.4 x 10-4 m3

Component 2 : π( 0.0125)2 x 0.01 = 4.91 x 10-6 m3
Component 3 : 0.45 x 0.01 x 0.01 = 4.5 x 10-5 m3

Total volume = (6.4 x 10-4) - (4.91 x 10-6) - (4.5 x 10-5)

= 5.901 x 10-4 m3

Density = mass/volume
= 0.6 / 5.901 x 10-4
= 1016.79 kg/m3

Mass: Component 1 = 1016.79 x ( 6.4 x 10-4) = 0.65 kg

-6
Component 2 = 1016.79 x (4.91 x 10 ) = 4.99 x 10-3 kg
Component 3 = 1016.79 x (4.5 x 10-5) = 0.046 kg
 4.1.1 Centroid from point 1
Table 1 : Centroid from point 1

Component ȳ, m A,m2 Aȳ,m3

0.8/2 = 0.4 0.8 x 0.08 = 0.064 0.064 x 0.4 = 0.0256

= 2( 4r/3π ) + 0.04 = π( 0.0125 )2 = 0.051 x (4.909 x 10-4 )

= 0.051 = 4.909 x 10-4 = 2.4845 x 10-5

= 0.8 - 0.05 - 0.45/2 = 0.45 x 0.01 = 0.525 x ( 4.5 x 10-3 )

= 0.525 = 4.5 x 10-3 = 2.3625 x 10-3

ƩA = 0.064 ƩAȳ = 0.0256

-4
Total - (4.909 x 10 ) - (2.4845 x 10-5)
- (4.5 x 10-3) - (2.3625 x 10-3)
= 0.059 = 0.02321

Ȳ = ƩAȳ / ƩA = 0.02321 / 0.059

= 0.3933 m

I1 = 1/12mL2 + md12
= 1/12(0.65)(0.8)2 + (0.65)(0.4-0.3933)2
= 0.0347 kg.m2

I2 = 1/4mr2 + md22
= 1/4(4.99 x 10-3)(0.0125)2 + (4.99 x 10-3)(0.525-0.3933)2
= 8.6746 x 10-4 kg.m2

I3 = 1/12ml2 + md32
= 1/12(0.046)(0.45)2 + (0.046)(0.3933-0.525)2
= 1.5741 x 10-3 kg.m2

IA = IG1 = I1 - I2 - I3
= 0.0347 - (8.6746 x 10-4) - (1.5741 x 10-3 )
= 0.0323 kg.m2

Io1 = IA + md2
= 0.0323 + 0.6(0.3933)2
= 0.1251 kg.m2
 4.1.2 Centroid from point 2
Table 2 : Centroid from point 2

Component ȳ, m A,m2 Aȳ,m3

0.8/2 = 0.4 0.8 x 0.08 = 0.064 0.064 x 0.4 = 0.0256

= 2( 4r/3π ) + 0.76 = π( 0.0125 )2 = (4.909 x 10-4) x 0.771

= 0.771 = 4.909 x 10-4 = 3.785 x 10-4

= 0.45/2 +0.0 5 = 0.45 x 0.01 = 0.275 x (4.5x 10-3)

= 0.275 = 4.5 x 10-3 = 1.2375 x 10-3

ƩA = 0.064 ƩAȳ = 0.0256

-4
Total - (4.909x10 ) - (3.785 x 10-4)
- (4.5x10-3) - (1.2375 x 10-3)
= 0.05901 = 0.023984

Ȳ = ƩAȳ / ƩA = 0.023984 / 0.05901

= 0.4064 m

I1 = 1/12mL2 + md12
= 1/12(0.65)(0.8)2 + 0.65(0.4064-0.4)2
= 0.0347 kg.m2

I2 = 1/4mr2 + md22
= 1/4(4.99 x 10-3)(0.0125)2 + (4.99 x 10-3)(0.4064-0.771)2
= 6.635 x 10-4 kg.m2

I3 = 1/12ml2 + md32
= 1/12(0.046)(0.45)2 + (0.046)(0.275-0.4064)2
= 1.570 x 10-3 kg.m2

IB = IG2 = I1 - I2 - I3
= 0.0347 - (6.635 x 10-4 ) - (1.570 x 10-3)
= 0.03246 kg.m2

Io2 = IB + md2
= 0.03246 + 0.6(0.4064)2
= 0.1316 kg.m2
4.2 Theoretical Calculation

Area (A1) = 80 cm × 8 cm Area (A2) = 𝜋𝑟 2 Area (A3) = 45 cm × 1 cm

= 640 cm2 = 3.142(1.25)2 = 45cm2
= 4.909cm2

Total area, At = A1 – (A2 + A3)

= 590 cm2

Hanging at point 1

∑𝑦𝐴
Y= ∑𝐴

= 36.5 (A1) – 15(A3).25(A2) - 50

At
= 19037.36 / 590
= 32.3 cm

Hanging at point 2

∑𝑦𝐴
Y= ∑𝐴

= 36.5 (A1) – 71.75(A2) – 22.5(A3)

At
= 19951.28 / 590
= 33.8 cm
4.2.1 Moment of Inertia, I01: Hanging at point 1

I0 = IG + md2

For component 1

I01 = 1/12 (mh12) + md12

= 1/12 (0.65×0.82) + (0.65×(0.365) 2)
= 0.1214 kg.m3

For component 2

I02 = 1/4 mr22) + md22

= 1/4 (4.982 × 10-3 ×0.01252) + (4.982 × 10-3 ×0.0125 2)
= 9.7305×10-7 kg.m3

For component 3

I03 = 1/12 mh32) + md32

= 1/12 (0.0458×0.452) + (0.0458×0.505 2 )
= 0.01245 kg.m3

So, we can find the Io,total,

Io,total = I01 + I02 + I03

= 0.1214 - 9.7305×10-7 - 0.01245
= 0.10895 kg.m2

Io,total = IG + md2

Thus, IG can be obtain by

IG = Io,total - md2
= 0.10895 – (0.6) (0.356442)
= 0.03272 kg.m2
4.2.2 Moment of Inertia, I01: Hanging at point 2

I0 = IG + md2

For component 1

I01 = 1/12 (mh12) + md12

= 1/12 (0.6507×0.82) + (0.6507×0.3652)
= 0.1214 kg.m3

For component 2

I02 = 1/4 (mr22) + md22

= 1/4 (4.982 × 10-3 ×0.01252) + (4.982 × 10-3 ×0.7175 2)
= 2.5649×10-3 kg.m3

For component 3

I03 = 1/12 (mh32) + md32

= 1/12 (0.0458×0.452) + (0.0458×0.2252)
= 3.0915 × 10-3 kg

So,

Io,total = I01 + I02 + I03

= 0.1214 - 2.5649×10-3 - 3.0915 × 10-3
= 0.1157 kg.m2

Io,total = IG + md2

Thus, IG can be obtain

IG = Io,total - md2
=0.1157 – (0.6)(0.37356)2
= 0.03202 kg.m2
4.3 Percentage Error Calculation

At point 1:

I01 = 0.1251 kg.m2 (experiment)

= 0.1090 kg.m3 (theory)

Percentage error = (0.1090 – 0.1251) x 100%

0.1090

= 14,77%

IG1 = 0.0323 kg.m2 (experiment)

= 0.0327 kg.m2 (theory)

Percentage error = (0.0327 – 0.0323) x 100%

0.0327
= 1.22%

At point 2:

I02 = 0.1316 kg.m2 (experiment)

2
= 0.1157 kg.m (theory)

Percentage error = (0.1157 – 0.1316) x 100%

0.1157

= 13.74%

IG2 = 0.03246 kg.m2 (experiment)

= 0.0320 kg.m2 (theory)

Percentage error = (0.0320 – 0.03246) x 100%

0.0320
= 1.44%
5.0 DISCUSSION
6.0 CONCLUSION
7.0 REFERENCE

i. John D. Cutnell, Kenneth W. Johnson. 2014. “Physics, Volume One” Wiley, United
States of America. pp 277
ii. Rod Cross. 2011. “Physics of Baseball & Softball”. Springer New York Dordrecht
Heidelberg London. pp 82.

iii. Lab manual Colorado Education https://nano-

optics.colorado.edu/fileadmin/Teaching/phys1140/lab_manuals/LabManualM3.pdf.
Accessed 30th March 2017

iv. Daniel J. Inman, Ramesh Chandra Singh. 2014. “Engineering Vibration 4th edition”.
Pearson. 719 pp.

v. Lab manual College of San Mateo

http://collegeofsanmateo.edu/physics/docs/physics250/lab15.pdf . Accessed 28th
March 2017