SAMPLE PROBLEMS

1. Water flows through a 400 ft pipeline at a rate of 500 gal/min. The first and the last 100
ft of the line are 6-in diameter pipe, while the middle section consists of 4.24-in
diameter pipe. Find the velocity in each section.

100 ft 100 ft

D = 6 in D = 6 in
D = 4.24 in
500 gal /min Total length = 400 ft

Section 1 section 2 section 3

Q = Q1 = Q2 = Q3

u1A1 = u 2A 2 = u 3A 3
gal 1 ft 3 1
u1 = 500 x 7.48 gal x 3.1416 ¿¿
min = 340.4 ft/min
62
u2 ¿
= 340.4 ft/min ( 4.24 2 = 681.7 ft/min

U3 = U1 = 340.4 ft/min

2. A system consists of water flowing through a 0.1 m diameter pipe at a rate of 2 m/s. At a
point downstream the pipe divides into a 0.1 m diameter main and a 0.025 m diameter
bypass. The equivalent length of the bypass is 10 m and the length of the main is 8 m. What
fraction of the water flows through the bypass? Neglect entrance and exit losses

Q = Q1 + Q2
 (0.1)2 m2 (0.025)2 m2
2 x  ((0.1 ¿ ¿ ¿ 2 m2¿ ¿ 4) ¿ = u1 x  ( ¿ + u2 x  ( ¿
4 4

0.02 = 0.01 u 1 + 0.000625 u2 eq 1

F1 = F2
4 f 1 L1 u 12 4 f 2 L2 u 22
x = x
D1 2 gc D2 2 gc

f 1 (8) 2 f 2 (10) 2
u1 = u2
0.1 0.025
f1u12 = 5 f2u22

Assume temp = 25 oC
 = 996.65 kg/m3
= 9.02 x 10-4 kg/m-s
Assume steel pipe,  = 0.0457 mm
1m
0.0457 mm( )
(/D)1 = 1000 mm = 4.57 x 10-4
0.1
1m
0.0457 mm( )
(/D)2 = 1000 mm = 1.828 x 10-3
0.025
1    7  
0.9
 4 log 0.27    
f  D  Re  
Re = Du/
Assume u1 = 1.9 m/s : calculating for u2, u2 = 1.6

m
Re1 = (
0.1 m 1.9
s )
( 996.65 ) kg /m3 ¿
9.02 x
¿
10−4 kg = 2.1 x 105 f1 = 0.0047
m−2
m
Re2 =
0.025 m 1.6(s ) 3
( 996.65 ) kg /m ¿
9.02 x
¿
10−4 kg = 4.4 x 104 f2 = 0.0067
m−2

f1u12 = 5 f2u22
0.02−0.01 u1 2
0.0047u12 = 5(0.0067) ( ¿
0.000625
0.02−0.01 u1 2
u12 = 7.128 ( ¿
0.000625
 0.02−0.01 u1
u1 = 2.67( )
0.000625

u1 = 1.95 u2 = 0.8
Assume u1 Calculated Re1 Re2 f1 f2 u1
u2* eq 1 Calculated
1.95 0.8 2.15 x 105 22 x 104 0.0043 0.0073 1.953
( 0.15 %
error)

Q1 = 1.95 m/s x  ((0.1 ¿2 m 2¿ ¿ 4)¿ = 0.015 m3/s

Q2 = 0.8 m/s x  (¿ ¿ = 3.9 x 10-4 m3/s
3.9 x 1 0−4
Fraction by passed = = 0.026
0.015+3.9 x 1 0−4