Problem 01. Find the loss of head due to friction, in a pipe of 500 mm diameter and 1.

5
kilometer long. The velocity of water in the pipe is 1 meter per second. Take co-efficient
of friction as 0.005.
Data.
d = 500 mm = 0.5 m, L = 1.5 km = 1500 m
v = 1 m/sec, f = 0.005
Solution:
Since length of the pipe (1500 m) is more than 1000 d (1000 x 0.5 = 500 m), therefore it
is taking as long pipe. Now let us neglect all the minor losses except friction. We know
that the loss of head due to friction,
4flv2
We know that the loss of head due to friction (hf ) =
2gd
4 x 0.05 x 1500 x (1)2
hf =
2 x 9.81 x 0.5
hf = 3.01 m (Ans.)
Problem 02. Water is flowing through a pipe 1500 m long with a velocity of 0.8 m/sec.
What should be the diameter of the pipe, if the loss of head due to friction is 8.7 m.
Take (f ) for the pipe as 0.01.
Data.
d = ??
L = 1500 m = 1500 m
v = 0.8 m/sec
f = 0.01
hf = 8.7
4flv2
Solution. We know that the loss of head due to friction (hf ) =
2gd
4 x 0.01 x 1500 x (0.8)2
8.7 =
2 x 9.81 x d
1.957 1.957
8.7 = d= = 0.225 m = 225 mm (Ans.)
d 8.7
Problem 03. It was observed that the difference of heads between the two ends of a pipe 250 m
long and 300 mm diameter is 1.5 m. Taking Darcy’s co-efficient as 0.01 and neglecting minor losses,
calculate the discharge flowing through the pipe.
Data.
L = 250 m, d = 300 mm = 0.3 m
f = 0.01, hf = 1.5 m
Q = ??
Solution. As a matter fact, the pipe should be taken as a short pipe as the length of the pipe (250
m) is less than 1000 d (1000 x 0.3 = 300 m). But in this problem, it has been mentioned that we
have to calculate the discharge by neglecting minor losses. So this point is not to be considered.
flQ2
We know that the loss of head due to friction (hf ) =
3d5
0.01 x 250 x Q2
1.5 =
3 (0.3)5

1.5
1.5 = 342.9 Q2 Q =
342.9

Q = 0.0661 m3/sec = 66.1 Liters /sec (Ans.)

Problem 04.
A pipe of 60 m long and 0.15 m diameter is connected to a water tank at one end and
flows into the atmosphere at the other end. Take height of water level in the tank as
2.6 m above the center of the pipe. The pipe is horizontal and f = 0.01. Determine the
discharge through the pipe in liters/sec, if all the minor losses are to be considered.
Data.
L = 60 m,
d = 0.15 m,
f = 0.01,
hf = 2.6 m,
Q = ??
Solution.
Let v is the velocity of water through the pipe.
In this problem it has been mentioned the we have to calculate the discharge by
considering all the minor losses. We know that loss of head due to friction, considering
0.5 v2 4flv2 v2
minor losses (hf) = + +
2g 2gd 2g
v2 4fl
hf = (0.5 + + 1)
2g d

v2 4 x 0.01 x 60
2.6 = (0.5 + + 1)
2 x 9.81 0.15

17.5 v2 2.6 𝑥 2 𝑥 9.81

2.6 = v= = 1.71 m/sec
2 x 9.81 17.5
π 3.142
Q=Axv= d2 xv= (0.15)2 x 1.71 = 0.0302 m3/sec = 30.2 Liters /sec (Ans.)
4 4
Problem 05.
A reservoir has been built 4 kilometers away from a college campus having 5000
inhabitants. Water is to be supplied from the reservoir to the campus. It is to be
estimated that each inhabitant will consume 200 liters of water per day, and that half
of the daily supply is pumped within 10 hours. Calculate the size of the supply main, if
the loss of head due to friction in pipe line is 20 m. Assume co-efficient of friction for
the pipe line as 0.008.
Data.
L = 4 km = 4000 m
No. of inhabitants (n) = 5000
Consumption of water by each inhabitant per day = 200 liters = 0.2 m3,
f = 0.008
hf = 20 m
Solution.
Let d is the diameter of the pipe.
We know that the total supply = No. of inhabitants x Consumption by each inhabitant
= 5000 x 0.2 = 1000 m3
Since half of this supply is to be pumped in 10 hours, therefore, maximum flow for
which the pipe is to be designed,
1000
Q= = 0.014 m3/sec
2 x 10 (60 x 60)
flQ2
We know that the loss of head due to friction (hf ) =
3d5
0.008 x 4000 x (0.014)2
20 =
3 𝑑5
5 0.0021
𝑑 =
3 x 20
0.0021 1
d=( )5
3 x 20
d = 0.158 m = 158 mm say 160 mm (Ans.)