Chapter 7:

1. How many valence electrons are in an atom of phosphorus? 5

2. How many valence electrons are in an atom of magnesium? 2
3. How many valence electrons does a helium atom have? 8
4. How many valence electrons are in a silicon atom? 4
5. What is the name given to the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom? Valence Electrons
6. How does calcium obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds? It gives up electrons
7. What is the maximum charge an ion is likely to have? 4
8. What is the electron configuration of the calcium ion? 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
9. What is the electron configuration of the gallium ion? 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d
10. What is the charge on the strontium ion? 2+
11. The octet rule states that, in chemical compounds, atoms tend to have the electron configuration of a noble
gas
12. What is the formula of the ion formed when potassium achieves noble-gas electron configuration? K
13. Which of the following elements does NOT form an ion with a charge of 1 ? Fluorine
14. How many electrons does nitrogen gain in order to achieve a noble-gas electron configuration? 3
15. What is the formula of the ion formed when phosphorus achieves a noble-gas electron configuration? P
16. How does oxygen obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds? It gains electrons
17. The electron configuration of a fluoride ion, F , is: the same as that of a neon atom
18. Which of the following occurs in an ionic bond? Oppositely charged ions attract
19. What is the net charge of the ionic compound calcium fluoride? 0 Zero – always 0 for ionic comp’s
20. A compound held together by ionic bonds is called a salt
21. Which of the following is true about an ionic compound? All of the above
22. How many valence electrons are transferred from the nitrogen atom to potassium in the formation of the
compound potassium nitride? 0 zero – bc nonmetals don’t transfer electrons
23. What is the formula for potassium sulfide? K2S
24. Which of the following pairs of elements is most likely to form an ionic compound? Magnesium + fluorine
25. Which of the following is true about the melting temperature of potassium chloride? The melting temp is
relatively high
26. Under what conditions can potassium bromide conduct electricity? Only when melted or dissolved in water
27. Which of the following particles are free to drift in metals? electrons
28. What is the basis of a metallic bond? the attraction of metal ions to mobile electrons
29. What characteristic of metals makes them good electrical conductors? They have mobile valence electrons
30. An ionic bond is a bond between a cation and an anion
 Chapter 8:

1. Which is a typical characteristic of an ionic compound? The ionic compound has a high melting point
2. What is shown by the structural formula of a molecule or polyatomic ion? The arrangement of bonded atoms
3. Which of these elements does not exist as a diatomic molecule? Ne
4. How do atoms achieve noble-gas electron configurations in single covalent bonds? Two atoms share two
electrons.
5. Why do atoms share electrons in covalent bonds? to attain a noble-gas electron configuration
6. Which of the following elements can form diatomic molecules held together by triple covalent bonds?
Nitrogen
7. Which noble gas has the same electron configuration as the oxygen in a water molecule? Neon
8. Which elements can form diatomic molecules joined by a single covalent bond? Hydrogen and the halogens
only
9. Which of the following is the name given to the pairs of valence electrons that do not participate in bonding
in diatomic oxygen molecules? Unshared pair
10. Which of the following electron configurations gives the correct arrangement of the four valence electrons of
the carbon atom in the molecule methane (CH )? 2s 2p
11. Which of the following diatomic molecules is joined by a double covalent bond? O2
12. A molecule with a single covalent bond is: Cl2
13. When one atom contributes both bonding electrons in a single covalent bond, the bond is called a(n):
Coordinate Covalent Bond
14. Once formed, how are coordinate covalent bonds different from other covalent bonds? There is no difference
15. When H forms a bond with H O to form the hydronium ion H O , this bond is called a coordinate covalent
bond because: both bonding electrons come from the oxygen atom
16. Which of the following bonds is the least reactive? H—H
17. How many valid electron dot formulas—having the same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion—can
be written when a resonance structure occurs? 2 or more
18. In which of the following compounds is the octet expanded to include 12 electrons? SF6
19. How many electrons can occupy a single molecular orbital? 2
20. Molecular orbital theory is based upon which of the following models of the atom? Quantum Mechanical
Model
21. A bond that is not symmetrical along the axis between two atomic nuclei is a(n) Pi Bond
22. How is a pair of molecular orbitals formed? By the overlap of 2 atomic orbitals from different atoms
23. The side-by-side overlap of p orbitals produces what kind of bond? Sigma bond
24. Where are the electrons most probably located in a molecular bonding orbital? In circular orbits around each
nucleus
25. Sigma bonds are formed as a result of the overlapping of which type(s) of atomic orbital(s)? p only
26. Which of the following bond types is normally the weakest? pi bond formed by the overlap of two p orbitals
27. According to VSEPR theory, molecules adjust their shapes to keep which of the following as far apart as
possible? Pairs of valence electrons
28. The shape of the methane molecule is called: Tetrahedral
29. What causes water molecules to have a bent shape, according to VSEPR theory? Interaction between the fixed
orbitals of the unshared pairs of oxygen
30. Which of the following theories provides information concerning both molecular shape and molecular
bonding? orbital hybridization theory
31. Experimental evidence suggests that the H—C—H bond angles in ethene, C H , are 180
32. What is the shape of a molecule with a triple bond? Linear
33. A bond formed between a silicon atom and an oxygen atom is likely to be: Polar Covalent
34. Which of the following covalent bonds is the most polar? H—F
35. What is thought to cause the dispersion forces? Motion of electrons
36. Which of the forces of molecular attraction is the weakest? Dispersion
37. What causes dipole interactions? Attraction between polar molecules
38. What are the weakest attractions between molecules? Van der Waals forces
39. What causes hydrogen bonding? Attraction between ions
40. Why is hydrogen bonding only possible with hydrogen? Hydrogen’s nucleus is electron deficient when it
bonds with an electronegative atom.
41. Which type of solid has the highest melting point? Metal
42. What is required in order to melt a network solid? Breaking ionic bonds