SUB: RCC AND STEEL MODULE-39A

MODULE-39A
Beams and beam- columns, column bases.
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Classification of cross-sections:
Plastic: This can develop plastic hinges and have the rotation capacity required for failure of
the structure by formation of plastic hinges.
Compact: This can develop plastic moment of resistance, but have inadequate plastic hinge
rotation, capacity for formation of plastic mechanism due to local buckling.
Semi compact: Cross sections in which the extreme fiber in compression can reach yield
stress, but cannot develop the plastic moment of resistance due to local buckling.
Slender: cross-sections in which the elements buckle even before reaching yield stress.
Laterally supported beam: A beam may be assumed to adequately supported at the
supports, provided the compression flange has full lateral restraint. Full lateral restraint to
compression flange may be assumed to exist if the lateral strength not less than 2.5% of the
maximum force in the compression flange.
Design bending strength:
1. V design shear strength
V= design shear force

1.2 for simply supported

1.5 for cantilever beam
=1.0 for plastic and compact
= for semi compact

For slender sections:

= Reduced design strength
Holes in tension zone:
The effect of holes in the tension flange, on the design bending strength need not be
considered if

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SUB: RCC AND STEEL MODULE-39A

When the does not satisfy the above requirement, the reduced effective area
satisfying the above equation may be taken instead of .
The holes in compression flange need not be considered except for oversize and slotted or
holes without fasteners.
Shear lag effect:
The shear lag effects in flanges may be disregarded, provided

(a) For outstand elements where = length between points of zero moments
(b) For internal elements width of flange with outstand
= width of flange as on internal element.
2.
a) Plastic or compact sections ( )
( ) Plate design moment of the whole
Section disregarding high shear
b)
Plastic design strength of the c/s excluding the shear area.

Laterally unsupported beams:

For plastic & compact

= for semi compact

[ ]
[ ( ) ]
for rolled steel section

= 0.49 for welded steel section

√ √

=√

Elastic critical moment

= √( )
* ( )
+

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SUB: RCC AND STEEL MODULE-39A

[ ( ) ]
( )

Plastic shear resistance:

Yeild strength of web.

√

1. Shear area : For I and channel section

Major axis bending: Hot rolled:

Welded:

Minor axis bending: Hot rolled or welded: 2b.

2. Rectangular hollow sections:

Loaded parallel to depth:

Loaded parallel to width:

3. Circular hollow tubes:

4. Plates and solid bars: A

Resistance to shear buckling:

Resistance to shear buckling shall be verified as specified when

for a web without stiffeners

√( )for a web with stiffeners

shear buckling co-efficient

= 5.35 when transverse stiffeners are provided only at supports.

=4+( )
for

=5.35+ ( )
for

Where are the spacings of transverse stiffeners and depth of web.

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Beam columns: The members which are subjected to both axial forces and bending moments
are called beam-columns

For plastic and compact sections:

( ) ( )

Or

Where factored applied moments y and z directly

Design reduced flexural strength under combined axial force and respective
uniaxial moment acting alone.

N= Factored applied axial force

Factored applied axial force

Design strength under corresponding moment acting alone.

Constant depends on sections.

For semi compact section

Column bases:

Shear resistance at the proper contact surface between steel base and concrete may be
calculated using a friction co-efficient of 0.45

The maximum bearing pressure should not exceed the bearing strength equal to 0.6 is the
smaller of characteristic cube strength of concrete or bedding material.

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Minimum thickness of slab base:

= ( )

= 1.2

= 1.2 ( )

Applying factor of safety for the material

1.2 ( )

( )

√ ( ) >

Thickness of column flange

Area of slab base =

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