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The research results showed that the distance of the Centre of the
region with growth has an impact on the magnitude of the effect of
abundance that can be received by each region, where the overflow
effect of Gowa received a big growth 8.689810974, Maros
4.05005707, Takalar Regency. 2.344019694. While the new growth
. Centre in the area of the District Mamminasata Takalar. A
development strategy that can do is how to build synergy with
neighboring derah so economic abundance can flow into the area that
synergizes
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becomes the center of attraction (pole of sure to achieve a goal or to resolve an issue. In a
attraction) who because various businesses statement more emphatically again with regards
interested in located there and happy society to technique, that strategy is a calculation about
utilize existing facilities at that location. The the series of policies and measures
central criteria of growth, i.e., as a fast- implementation thoroughly, including methods
growing area, has a flagship sector and has and techniques.
economic interaction with the region.
Nurkholis (2001), that strategy is, in fact,
The creation of the center of economic a common action plan, long-term (oriented to the
growth can start from some sectors that are future), and its coverage area. Therefore,
dynamic and able to provide a high ratio of strategies usually formulated in the phrase which
output on a specific area, which can provide a means the content is very common and does not
broad impact (spread effect) and double refer to specific actions or details. Nevertheless,
impact (multiplier effect) on the sector other strategic planning does not mean that "detailed
and the wider region. Market forces will and specific actions" that usually encapsulated in
ensure the equilibrium (balance) in the a work program should not compile. Othe rwise,
economic and spatial distribution of the the work programmers should also be planned in
trickledown effect or process center down by the strategic planning process and should even be
itself will happen when welfare in urban areas formulated or defined as a measure of its
reached and started at a high level such as performance.
urban areas into the lower areas such as rural
Based on this definition, strategy
and hinterland region via several mechanisms,
becomes a fundamental framework as the site of
namely the urban hierarchy and big
an organization will be able to declare a vital
companies. Implementation of creation of
continuation, while at the same time he would
growth must be followed by the trickle-down
have the power to adjust itself against the ever-
effect (the impact of the hatching downwards)
changing environment. On the basis that it is a
and spread effect (the impact of
concise strategy can define as art using the skills
dissemination) through harmonious activity
and resources of an organization to achieve goals
between growth and resource base in rural
through an effective relationship with the
areas so that activities of center of growth
environment in the most favorable conditions.
have an impact on the surrounding area which
will also be able to grow.
a. Understanding Strategy
The difference in the
Drafting the strategy is basically to conditions of the region implies that the
create action or response against external changes pattern of development that applied in each
that occur that seen can bring harm to region will be different as well. Munir
organizations such as; changes in technology, (2002), impersonation of raw against the
changes in politics, economy, culture, pattern of the policy ever applied and
Government policy. Such external changes can managed on a region, not necessarily give the
anticipate improvements to the internal same benefits for other areas. Each regional
conditions of an organization. development has the primary goal to increase
Bintoro and Mustopadidjaja (1988) in the number and types of job opportunities for
Riyadi (2003) revealed that the strategy is "a the people of the region. To achieve that goal,
whole step (policies) with the calculation that is the Government and the society should
Zainuddin Rahman (Analysis of the effect of Economic Growth toward the Center of the overflow Area)
70 Indonesia Prime, p-ISSN: 2548-317X, e-ISSN: 2548-4664
Vol. 2, No 1, November 2017, pp. 68-76
Zainuddin Rahman (Analysis of the effect of Economic Growth toward the Center of the overflow Area)
Indonesia Prime, p-ISSN: 2548-317X, e-ISSN: 2548-4664
Vol. 2, No 1, November 2017, pp. 68-76 71
magnitude of the value added created in the levels of income elasticity, elasticity of the high
area by how big the occurrence of transfer level of request against the product, creating a
payment, the income that flows to the outside broad market, plenty of multiplier and effect in
area or got the flow from outside the region the segment of the economy.
(Septa, 2007).
From this definition it can be specified that
c. Growth Pole Theory (Growth Pole) there are four main characteristics of a center of
growth, namely: (1) the existence of a cluster of
Growth Pole theory first pioneered by
economic activities are concentrated in an area;
Francois Perroux French Regional Economist, in
(2) the concentration of economic activities
1955. This thought occurred to refute the views
capable of encouraging economic growth
of economists at the time, such as Casel (1927)
dynamically in the economy; (3) there are input
and Schumpeter (1951) who theorized that the
and output linkages are strong among fellow
transfer of the growth between the regions
economic activities at the Centre; (4) in groups of
generally went smoothly, so that the development
economic activity is a parent move the industry
of the factors of production, including population,
development of economic activities in the Centre.
labor, capital, and production is not always
proportional intertemporal. Perroux says that real
growth is not growing (growth does not slow
d. Effect of spatial abundance (spatial spillover
growth). The fact that Deus Caritas Est after
effect)
doing research on industrial vehicles (motor
industry) tend to concentrate in certain areas (the The effect of the overflow can consist of the two
cluster of industries) driven by the existence of categories, spread or trickling down and
agglomeration advantages (agglomeration backwash or polarization. In the theme of the
economies) the agglomeration advantages, overflow effect, meaningful growth poles effect
further impacting on the efficiency of the positive the growth that occurs in the polar regions the
impact of economic growth for development growth towards the surrounding area
(Sjafrizal, 2008:126-127). (hinterland). The impact can be positive
(favorable effect) and can be negative
The theory is also supported by Hirscman
(unfavorable effects). The impact can define in
(1958) that identify the presence of certain areas
the context of its influence on per-capita income
that are growing very fast, and there are unisex
and economic structure (Richardson, 1978:167-
areas that grow very slowly. That because in the
169).
process of development, there is the effect of
(Barcelona, 2009), in the event of spillovers, then
seepage (trickling down effects) and the effects of
the social rate of return against the investment
the concentration (polarization effect) are
exceeds private interest rate Returns, justifying
different between a region with other regions.
government intervention. Regarding normative,
This theory was later developed by many identification. From locally limited spillovers can
economists to analyze the cantonal economic support in identifying specific areas
issues such as regional development acceleration (metropolitan area, local District) to invest
lag (distressed region), to overcome inequalities (Girma and Wakelin, 2000). Fischer et al. (2002)
between regions, agglomeration economies, the effect of technology overflow of States that
mapping investments and others. means a condition in which the technology
created by a company or institution does not
Richardson (1978:164-165) provides the
merely remain in the company or the institution,
definition of the urban center are: a collection in
giving rise to the advantages for companies or
which occurs a dynamically and strong growth
other institutions (in Barcelona, 2009).
caused by a group of industry through the
Kenji Moriyama. 2010, spillovers may
intercession of the input – output with excellent
also be in the form of a deluge of capital from a
technology creating a high innovation, high
country or region are advanced to the territory of
Zainuddin Rahman (Analysis of the effect of Economic Growth toward the Center of the overflow Area)
72 Indonesia Prime, p-ISSN: 2548-317X, e-ISSN: 2548-4664
Vol. 2, No 1, November 2017, pp. 68-76
Zainuddin Rahman (Analysis of the effect of Economic Growth toward the Center of the overflow Area)
Indonesia Prime, p-ISSN: 2548-317X, e-ISSN: 2548-4664
Vol. 2, No 1, November 2017, pp. 68-76 73
Method of Data collection data collection done (county) can be in the identification potential
by way of collecting information from a growth poles. It assumed that the composition of
source of information that is considered valid the workforce is an indication of the development
and is a reliable source either government of an area. To calculate the size of the
agencies or private entities that associated components of the competitive sector I and
with the data associated with the This County or city (county) j can be calculated with
research. Data collection methods used are the following equation:
documentation: namely, do the data
collection that is already documented by
institutions associated with this research. Cij = E’ij – [(E’ip / Eip) Eij]
Analisis Data where E’: is a labor in the period then
Analysis Of The Effect Of The Overflow E: Labor is the current
1 Effect of the overflow of special period.
To calculate the effects of spills of
regional growth in the use of the overflow Effect Ip: is a labor of
of spatial analysis (SPrt) as follows (Capello, national/provincial.
2007): ∑𝑖 𝐶𝑖𝑗: is a component of the
overall competitive for each
county or city j
𝒏
𝚫𝒀𝒋𝒕
𝑺𝑷𝒓𝒕 = ∑ 𝒘𝒋
𝒅𝒓𝒋
𝒋=𝟏
Yjt = Revenue growth area j (regional The Analysis of The Linkages Between the
neighboring) in year t. Regional Economy (Gravity) In the Area
of Mamminasata
j = all of the neighboring areas of the r
the drj = distance between the r and j 1.The Effect of The Overflow Area
Economic Growth Mamminasata
n = number of neighbouring areas
w = weight of economically the region against The overflow effect is the effect of the growth
region it j. that occurs in the area surrounding area against
the growth of the kuub (hinterland). The impact
of the growth effect may be positive (favorable
effect) can also be negative (unfavorable effect).
The impact can affect per-capita income and
2. Analysis of the changing workforce structure economic a neighboring area. Effect of
Analysis of the model used in this study the existence of inequality can found in
at the start by identifying the pole – pole of abundance in the area around as a result of
growth of the whole district/town in South proximity and access from urban center to the
Sulawesi with the approach of the changes of the surrounding area (hinterland). The difference in
structure of the Workforce (Kuehn and Bender, the ease of access and distance from the center of
1990) growth to the area around influential in will be
Through changes in the structure of the different in each of those areas. In addition to
workforce at the smallest geographic area differences over flow, growth is also heavily
Zainuddin Rahman (Analysis of the effect of Economic Growth toward the Center of the overflow Area)
74 Indonesia Prime, p-ISSN: 2548-317X, e-ISSN: 2548-4664
Vol. 2, No 1, November 2017, pp. 68-76
influenced by the amount of area that neighbors growth, it also influenced by the number of
the recipient area of the overflow effects. The fact neighboring areas, a growing number of regions
that data can see in table 1 shows that the nearer neighboring the greater the effect of the overflow
hinterland area towards the center of growth, the can obtain of the area due to the economic
higher the effect spills an acceptable economic interaction between the surrounding area
.
Gowa is the area closest to the center of economic other sectors continue to experience increased.
growth, i.e. Makassar city and the neighboring Sectors of the processing industry of the year
area has 8 affects far greater abundance than with 2004 as much as 142,141 workers, 196,332
the Takalar Regency Maros Regency and city of workers being in the year 2013. Large, retail
Makassar. The height of the overflow effect at trade, restaurants, and hotels of the year 2004
Gowa as a result due to the proximity of the amounting 486,463 years 2013 rose to 603,804.
regions and the economic activities of the The service sector of the community, the social
community so that nearly all sectors of the and personal year 2004 amounting to 298,186 up
economy that are in the city of Makassar as the to 598,995 workers in the year 2013. And sectors
Centre of growth coupled with sector field – sectors such as mining and multiplication,
businesses that are in the Gowa Regency Gowa, electricity, gas and water transport, warehousing
easy community to work in the city of Makassar and communications, finance, Insurance,
was also one of the dominant elements business buildings, land and rentals services
influencing the effects of wealth, compared to companies also experienced a rise from the year
other areas of with. 2004 amounting 389,855 workers be 463,998
workers in the year 2013.
2. The location of the Pole – Pole of growth Through changes in the structure of the
District/City in South Sulawesi workforce can identify potential growth pole-
The development of labor in South pole. It assumed that the composition of the
Sulawesi, many experiences a change of workforce is one indication of the development of
structures in 10 years last, i.e. the year 2004 – an area. In table 5 can be seen District/City
2013. Previously a lot of workforce in the sector whichever be the pole – pole of growth in South
of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, plantation Sulawesi.
sector, particularly the to a variety of switching
From Table 2 that there are nine the pole –
sector services viable rising very rapidly.
pole of growth in South Sulawesi. Area – the area
Sector plantation agriculture, forestry, and is the town of Makassar with a value competitor
fisheries in 2004 as many as 1,573,761 workers 86,779, Regency North luwu with value
dropped to 1,428,151 workers. While the sector – competitor 75,667, Regency. Tana Toraja 39,077
Zainuddin Rahman (Analysis of the effect of Economic Growth toward the Center of the overflow Area)
Indonesia Prime, p-ISSN: 2548-317X, e-ISSN: 2548-4664
Vol. 2, No 1, November 2017, pp. 68-76 75
Table 2
Communi
Agricultur Large, ty, social
Processi Value Of
District/Cit e, retail trade, services,
ng Other Competit
y forestry, restaurants, and
Industry or
Hunting Hotel individual
Fishing s
happened, so too does a region far from development strategy by the conditions of the
Makassar city as a center of growth, then the respective regions. Do regional cooperation
plenty of economic growth and development among to synergize in the advance area
of the gravity become increasingly small. respectively.
2. Obstacles faced by regions in developing
regions has still limited the availability of
adequate infrastructure to manage potential
areas so that economic growth and
development would be slow, there's even a References
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Zainuddin Rahman (Analysis of the effect of Economic Growth toward the Center of the overflow Area)