Jakarta, Indonesia Integrated Urban

Flood Management - Vision and Objectives

• Project Name: Jakarta Urban Flood Mitigation Project (JUFMP)/ Jakarta Emergency Dredging
Initiative ( JEDI)  US$190m (IBRD US$138m)
• Objectives: No-regret measures  rehabilitation (embankment, pump repair) and dredging of
main waterways (i.e. rivers, canal, main drains, retention ponds) to its design water conveyor and
retaining capacity  saving > 1 million of people living in flood prone areas
• Indicators to measure success  size of flooded areas (baseline is 2007 flood event), period
inundation

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Jakarta, Indonesia
Ongoing Activities and programs
Ongoing and completed activities:
• Civil construction : Dredging & Embankment Repairs 
Priority 11 waterways + 4 retention ponds
• Flood Management Information System  early warning
system, flood risk mapping
• Building capacity of institutions/agency responsible for
flood mitigation
Next plan  NCICD (National Capital Integrated Coastal
Development  sea dikes  retention ponds  pumping
stations

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Jakarta, Indonesia
Key challenges, solutions and good practices
key challenges
• About 40% of Jakarta below mean sea level
• Jakarta is one of the fastest sinking cities in the
world  From 1974 to 2010 : Total subsidence -
25 up to -400 cm ; rate -0.5 up to -17 cm/year 
implication to the project designed in 2010 
adjustment of the height of embankment.
• Informal settlers  occupying the waterways
and retention ponds  total solution “Gold-
plating”  relocating to low cost rental
apartment, provide resettlement assistance (free
education, health, transport etc.) and restoration
of livelihood.

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VIETNAM Integrated Urban
Flood Management - Vision and Objectives
• Vietnamese has approved number of legal documents, including laws, government decrees,
decisions, standards, methodologies… BUT not yet a national Integrated Framework on Flood
Management in Urban Area. Most of mentioned above documents focus on Flood Management in
general; by that, some articles in some Laws refer related tasks concerning to flood management.

• The Law on Water Resources (2012): consider Flood is one of challenges due to climate change
impact in the country; not focus directly to flood in urban area; the state will invest and control the
implementation for basic investigation, plan, set up the monitoring system, information system and
database, improve the forecasting capacity for flood (MONRE); most of constructions project must
not block the flow and fit standards for flood prevention; water conveyance to other basin; reservoir
operation in emergency;

• Law on Urban Planning (2009): including ensure the ground level for natural disaster (flood).

• Decision No.1590/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on approving Irrigation Master Plan until 2020,
the Government decided the aim to increase the insurance of drainage, flood protection and
prevention to adapt with climate change and seawater rise. For urban area: complete dyke system
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consolidation.
 VIETNAM Integrated Urban Flood Management -
Ongoing Activities and programs

• So far, MARD has approved 34 Irrigation Plan/Integrated water

utilization/Water development and Protection Plan/River basin water
plans in most of huge river basins in the country or submit to Prime
Minister’s Decision to approve 03 regional water use plan in which
refer to flood protection measures/plan including the following cities:
Ho Chi Minh, city, Vinh Long City, CaMau City and Can Tho city.
Thừa Thiên Huế
• Recently, in the Framework of Jica Project on Increasing the
Natural Disaster Resilience Capacity in middle Region of Vietnam,
the Project has help Thua Thien Hue Province to develop an
Integrated Flood Management to 2010 in Huong river Basin:
integrate social activities, land use plan to build up resilience
community to climate change and propose list of structural and non-
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structural measurements.
VIETNAM Integrated Urban Flood Management -
Key challenges, solutions and good practices
Key challenges:
-Lack of consistent coordination between state agencies to conduct flood integrated management;
The coordination between the ministries and localities have not yet led to more strict/effective
measures that can cause function overlapping; some measures have not been fully implemented.
-Lack of monitoring tools/system for flood management performance; guidelines on safety criteria
is not yet developed and issued.
-Urban planning method is obsolete, need to update with new methodologies; lack of integration of
new technology in urban water management.
-Lack of sources of finance.
- The law on urban planning, as well as urban water management needed to be updated.
-Lack of society participation.
- Develop project in combination with purpose of natural disaster prevention and control focus on
urban area has not been considered as key issues in facing “new normal” and climate change.
Good Practices:
-Increase surface water quality in huge cities, such as: Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi.
-Decreased the inundation situation in many cities throughout the countries.
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-Supplied enough drinking water for people in Urban areas.
Lao PDR: Integrated Urban Flood Management -
Vision and Objectives

• Current WB engagement: P149149 Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Management Project (pipeline);
The Mekong River Integrated Management Project (P104806); and DRM TA
• Overall objectives: To promote better preparedness and management of flood risks, including the
rehabilitation, strengthening and flood-proofing of infrastructure, including river embankments,
flood gates, dredging, and drainage systems, and the enhancement of early warning systems.
• Indicators:
• Increased coverage of hazard forecast and improved last-mile early warning messages to
population at risk.
• Policy-framework improved and capacity for integrating flood risk management into national
and regional planning and strategies improved.
• Hydrometeorological observation and monitoring networks strengthened.
• Improved regional coordination on flood risk management, such as i) Building the resilience of
regional economic corridors; ii) Developing and exchanging common approaches to managing
risk; iii) Data sharing and forecasting; and iv) Risk pooling through the establishment of a
regional disaster risk financing mechanism.
• Increased community-level engagement in flood risk management.
• Strengthened financial resilience to secure immediate liquidity for response and recovery
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Lao PDR -
Ongoing Activities and programs

• Flood response remains ad-hoc, with limited long term preparatory action, and DRM in the
country awaits comprehensive development.
• The Mekong River Integrated Management Project (P104806) includes flood risk management
investment on priority river basins. The Mekong River Integrated management Project In
Vientiane improves the sand embankment, slope protection.
• There is also the Donsao – Bankaun River bank Protection Project.
• There are also efforts to develop a drainage system the city of Vientiane on planned drainage
system based on an action plan from 2002.
• Proposed Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Management Project would include select flood risk
management investment, including in Oudomxay Province, and strengthen hydromet and EWS

Mekong River Integrated management Project in Vientiane Capital

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Panoramic View Sand Embankment Toe Protection Slope Protection
Lao PDR:
Key challenges, solutions and good practices
• Roads and urban areas: Roads are continuously being damaged by landslides and floods. Growing
cities are struggling to keep up demand for infrastructure including drainage infrastructure.
• Legal/regulatory: Lao PDR’s 8th NSEDP (2016-2020, being prepared) foresees and outcome of
“Reduced effects of natural shocks and climate change and sustainable management of natural
resources.” Mainstreaming and enhancing communities’ capacities on disaster and CC resilience are
also foreseen in draft MONRE’s 2030 Vision and 5-year Strategy. Lao PDR does not currently have a
strategy or policy to manage the financial impact of disasters.
• Financing: DRM spending is still reactive with the majority of funds allocated after disasters.
• Capacity: There is a need for capacity building for line ministries and agencies involved in flood risk
management at the central and targeted sub-national level
• Climate change: Water-related vulnerability will be exacerbated. Floods and droughts are expected
to become more frequent and intense. Temperatures, annual rainfall, and runoff are likely to
increase, leading to augmented economic losses.
Examples of recent Infrastructure Damage

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Udomxay 2008 Vienetiane 2008 Xiengkuang 2010 Xayabuli 2011
Honiara, Solomon Islands, Integrated Urban
Flood Management - Vision and Objectives

• Name: Honiara Flood Risk Management Plan

• Vision: A City that is more resilient to weather extremes
• Objective: To develop a strategic plan to guide investments to better manage flood risks in the
greater Honiara area, through the development of fit-for-purpose flood modelling with these
primary applications:
- to inform and enhance City land use planning
- to inform and enhance emergency response planning including flash flood warning systems
- to assess feasibility of potential flood mitigation options
• Indicators to measure success:
- enhanced institutional coordination between Gov’t ministries and City Council
- incorporation of FRM objectives in planning policies and legislation
- development of effective, sustainable flash flood warning systems and response procedures
- structural works to protect critical infrastructure from riverbank erosion
- fewer people living on floodplains exposed to extreme hazard

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Honiara, Solomon Islands
Ongoing Activities and programs

• Development of Honiara Local Planning Scheme 2015 including flood-related provisions

• Development of Guadalcanal Province Planning Scheme (underway)
• Routine issuance of Heavy Rain Alerts and Warnings as required
• Review of Honiara City Council Disaster Plan (Honiara Economic Dev’t Support Program - NZ Gov’t)
• Improved risk governance and institutional coordination (Pacific Risk Resilience Program - UNDP)
• Debris/solid waste management (Japanese Technical Cooperation Project for Promotion of Regional
Initiative on Solid Waste Management in Pacific Island Countries - JICA/SPREP)
• Improved risk resilience at community level (Honiara Urban Resilience and Climate Adaptation Plan -
UN-Habitat)
• Improved resilience in informal settlements (Participatory Slum Upgrading Program - UN-Habitat)
• Improved resilience for vulnerable urban populations (Rapid Employment Project - World Bank)
• Community level investments (Climate Resilience to Climate and Disaster Risk Project - World Bank)

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Honiara, Solomon Islands
Key challenges, solutions and good practices

Key challenges:
• A shortage of available land in Honiara, which, combined with rapid population growth and rural
to urban migration, is driving unmanaged growth of informal settlements on marginal land
including high hazard floodplains and steep slopes
• The limited reach of formal land use planning and development controls and weak
implementation e.g. uncontrolled filling of floodplains, which is suspected of worsening flooding
elsewhere
• Limited capacity to implement legislation and policy including watershed management
• Minimal hydrological data for calibration of flood models, due to vandalism of infrastructure
• Limited finances for DRR given other priorities (e.g. poverty alleviation, health, education)
• Institutional management of flood risk characterized by ‘silos’ rather than integration
• Propensity for intense rain (probably exacerbated by climate change) and fast rising, debris-laden
floods presents a challenge for effective flood warning systems
• Highly dynamic river channels presents a challenge to engineering solutions to flooding and
riverbank erosion
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Honiara, Solomon Islands
Key challenges, solutions and good practices

Solutions:
• To be assessed and confirmed through the Honiara Flood Risk Management Study and Plan,
including…
• Understand flood risk through hydrologic and hydraulic modelling and urban growth survey
• Modify the flood and erosion hazard through watershed management, riverbank protection
works at Chinatown, bridge design, reducing the disposal of solid waste in creeks, possible works
at Henderson Airport
• Modify exposure and vulnerability through provision of new serviced subdivisions that target
low- and middle-income groups, voluntary resettlement from very dangerous locations, review of
guidelines for hazard-resilient housing
• Modify short-term responses through provision of effective, sustainable flash flood warning
systems, improving the flood readiness of communities, constructing hazard-resilient evacuation
shelters where gaps identified
• Enhanced institutional coordination

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Greater Antananarivo, Madagascar Integrated
Urban Flood Management - Vision and Objectives

• Greater Antananarivo Integrated Urban Development and Resilience Project (P159756) | IDA
$40million
• Objective is to improve the living conditions of poor and vulnerable people in the Greater
Antananarivo area, while building the resilience of the city. This will be achieve through a mix of
soft investments (municipal administrative modernization/capacity building), infrastructure (flood
protection, storm-water drainage, solid waste) and livelihoods/economic development.
• Indicators to measure success: harmonized institutional framework for Integrated Urban Water
Management, successful structural investments made, non-structural measure implemented
(indicators will be developed during project preparation)
Greater Antananarivo, Madagascar
Ongoing Activities and programs

• Two on-going ASAs, "Urban Poverty and Resilience Study in Antananarivo" (P156547) and the
"Fostering integrated urban water management of Greater Antananarivo (P157539)",
implemented respectively by the Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice and the Water
Global Practice.

• Analysis of (i) the spatial distribution of poverty in Antananarivo; (ii) the availability of
infrastructure, access to basic services, as well as the incidence of natural hazards in those poor
areas; (iii) assessment of the situation on urban poor urban storm water drainage; (iv) assessment
of solid waste management systems and recommendations for improving SWM and canal
management; (v) analysis of urban sprawl and its implication for flood risks; and (vi) the ability of
the poor to protect against risk, and cope with disasters

• Through these analytical works, the Bank intends: to identify policy actions that have a high
potential to improve the quality of life and increase the resilience of the poor in Antananarivo; to
enable stakeholders in Antananarivo to improve their management of the urban water cycle
through an integrated urban water management framework and planning process; and to inform
the national government and municipal authorities on how to better target and finance poverty
reduction programs.
Greater Antananarivo, Madagascar
Key challenges, solutions and good practices

• Fast urbanization of Madagascar and particularly its capital city Antananarivo (~3 million;
+120,000 migrants/year)
• Unplanned urban growth (50% growth of the built-up areas from 2003 to 2013) with
settlement in flood risk areas (2% on average and up to 50% for some municipalities)

1990 2000 2010

• Low access to housing, low services provision, increasing congestion

• Lack of drainage and inadequate solid waste (1,100T of waste/day, of which 30% does not make it
to the landfill) and waste-water management (non functional some part of the network)

• Lack of maintenance of flood protection infrastructure, landfilling in flood plain, etc.

• Institutional fragmentation, with different actors working on the same drainage network and
some agencies (in charge of waste water management) under technical and financial tutelage of
different ministries/municipality

• January-February 2015 flooding event in the city resulted in damages to infrastructure

estimated at MGA 357 billion (>$100M), or 1.1% of GDP, and recovery needs estimated at MGA
844 billion (>$250M)
CITY OF BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA
ONGOING ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMS

FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT SUPPORT

PROJECT FOR THE CITY OF BUENOS AIRES

Mariela Marchione - marielamarchione@buenosaires.gob.ar

Pablo Rodrigue – pablorodrigue81@gmail.com

Pablo Souto – psouto@ekompass4biz.com

City of Buenos Aires Argentina Integrated Urban
Flood Management - Vision and Objectives

• Risk Identification
• Risk Reduction
Vision •
•
Disaster Risk Financing
Preparedness
• Resilient Reconstruction

• Strengthen the capabilities of the

City of Buenos Aires to efficiently
Objectives manage flood risk
• Improve the drainage systems

• Short and severe rainfalls

Causes • Exceptionally high tides in the de la
Plata River

•Direct project beneficiaries

Outcome •Extreme poor residents protected from flooding
•Flood Risk Management Inter-Ministerial Council
Indicators •Weather forecasting warnings
•Increase dainage capacity
City of Buenos Aires Argentina
Ongoing Activities and programs

SIHVIGILA

Risk
Green City management Drainage
infrastructure

NON-
STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL
MEASURES MEASURES
Solid waste Contingency
management plan

Land use
plans and Communication
education
building program
codes
City of Buenos Aires Argentina
Key challenges, solutions and good practices

Pillar Challenge Solution

Insufficient Reliance on local (neighborhood)
NGOs through grants
information
Implementation of public
Building up of awareness campaigns (schools)
Preparedness
new risks
Reform of building norms (resilient
Incomplete and green infrastructure)

institutional
framework Creation of a high-level steering
committee (6 ministries)

Risk Financing Suboptimal Development of a flood risk

financial relief financing and protection scheme