DESIGN MANUAL

SEM - 3036E
Piping Design Manual

RACK PIPING

REV. : 5
DATE : 1998. 9. 28

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

 SEM - 3036E
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DATE : 1998. 9.28 PAGE i OF i

CONTENTS

Page
1. GENERAL

1.1 Purpose ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

1.2 Application Scope -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.3 Relevant Manuals --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

2. PIPING DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1 Rack piping design criteria ----------------------------------------------------------- 1
2.2 General piping design criteria -------------------------------------------------------- 2

3. RACK ARRANGEMENT

3.1 Items to be considered --------------------------------------------------------------- 3

3.2 Typical Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

4. RACK HEIGHT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

5. PIPING ARRANGEMENT AND DECISION ON THE RACK WIDTH

5.1 Piping Arrangement ------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

5.2 Rack Width -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

6. LOADING DATA

6.1 Type of Load ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16

6.2 Calculation Method ------------------------------------------------------------------ 17
6.3 Layout Aids for Piperack ------------------------------------------------------------ 18
6.4 Weight Table for Thermal Insulation (for reference) --------------------------------- 21

7. EXPANSION LOOPS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28

8. RACK STRUCTURE (FOR REFERENCE) ----------------------------------------------------------- 41

9. HISTORY OF THIS MANUAL ------------------------------------------------------------------- 44

Appendix Ⅰ Sample of pipe rack loading data information drawing
Appendix Ⅱ Sample of calculation table for maximum bending stress, anchor force and friction
force
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1. GENERAL

1.1 Purpose

This manual provides Preconditions for standardization of forms, method of expression

and limitations of rack piping drawings which are to be designed/drafted by SECL.

1.2 Application Scope

This manual shall be applied to all jobs executed by SECL unless otherwise specially required
from vendor or licensor.

1.3 Relevant Manuals

(1) SES-H-101E "Piping Design"

(2) SEM-3002 "Requirements for Drafting Piping Drawing"
(3) SEM-3101 "Requirements for Drafting Plot Plan"
(4) SEM-3102 "Drafting of Piping Connection Drawing on Battery Limit"
(5) SEM-3104 "Drafting Key Plan"
(6) SEM-3106 "Preparation Piping Note"
(7) SEM-3112 "Decision Method on Drawing Number"
(8) SEM-3113 "Drafting of Plan Drawing"

2. PIPING DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1 Rack piping design criteria

The following piping shall be laid out on the pipe rack with 25% space for future piping.

2.1.1 Process Piping

2.1.2 Blow-down piping (flare piping)

(1) Steam and condensate piping

(2) Boiler feed water piping, potable water, process, water, demineralized water,
cooling water,... etc.
(3) Air (Plant and instrument) piping.
(4) Fuel oil, fuel gas, nitrogen piping

2.1.4 Instrument/electrical duct or cable tray

2.1.5 Catwalk
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2.2 General Design Criteria

3. RACK ARRANGEMENT

Type Within the unit O.S.B.L

Rack (1) Process piping (1) Process piping
1) Piping to connect equipment located 1) Product incoming piping
at 6m distance and over 2) Raw material piping
2) Product piping to carry materials (2) Utility piping
from tower, heat exchanger, pump, 1) Steam and condensate piping
etc. to the storage area or other 2) Water piping
unit and plant. (*) Yard piping shall be above-ground
3) Raw materials or other supply piping as far as space is available.
piping entered into the unit plant. But rack piping is permissible if yard
(2) Blow-down piping (flare piping) piping is not available considering
(3) Instrument/electrical duct the walkway and access.
(4) Utility piping
1) Steam and condensate piping
2) Gas, plant air and instrument air
piping
3) Boiler supply water, city water,
process water, demineralized water
piping, and cooling water piping
not buried
4) Fuel oil and gas piping
(5) Catway

Above- (1) Discharge piping and vibration piping (1) In-out piping for raw material and
ground of reciprocating compressor products
(2) Storage and in-out piping with dike
(3) Large size fluid piping

Trench (1) Cable duct for electric power

(2) Cooling water piping for pump
(3) Drain recovery piping
(4) Piping extended to the sump tank

Under- (1) Utility piping

ground 1) Cooling water piping and oily
piping
2) Fire-fighting water piping
3) Water supply piping
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Rack arrangement is generally subject to the location of process lines such as raw material piping
and products piping and the location of utility lines that enter and leave the unit boundary.

3.1 Items to be considered

(1) Installation and maintenance of equipment and transportation of equipment and materials.
(2) Piping between each unit shall be as short as possible.
(3) Length and number of rack shall be the minimum.

3.2 Typical Layout

(1) Dead end yard lines enter and (2) Straight through yard, line can
leave one end the rack. enter and leave both ends of the
rack.

(3) L-shaped yard lines can enter (4) T-shaped rack piping can enter
and leave north and east of and leave on three sides of the
the rack. rack.
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(5) U-shaped yard lines can enter (6) Combination of I and T shaped
and leave all four sides of the rack.
rack.

(7) Complex rack piping arrangement for

a very large chemical plant.

4. RACK HEIGHT
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(1) The height of top surface of the lowest rack beam shall be subject to the following:

(2) The following shall be considered in deciding the height "H".

1) Observance of minimum height of the following

(Unit : mm)

Classification H1 Remarks

Maintenance area inside of B.L . 2500

Main road crossing at inside of B.L. 4500 Clearance for big vehicle : 3500

Main road crossing at outside of B.L.

4500 Road traffic act
(2nd class state road)

Main road crossing at outside of B.L.

6000 Road traffic act
(1st class state road)

Incoming railway 6700 Rail road act

2) Decisions shall be made after examining mutual relation between the equipments, and problems
on taking-in, operation and maintenance of equipment.

3) For the minimum height mentioned on above item No.1), consider the highest point of road
paving.

4) According to the road traffic act enforcement ordinance, all facilities such as a bridge,
signs above the road shall have min. 4.5m headroom from lowest point of the road.

5) When the equipment such as exchanger is located under the rack, its highest part shall be
the base of rack height after examining each exchanger as shown on the below.
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For exchanger with hot or cold

insulation, the clearance of
minimum 300mm shall be
provided from the outside of
insulation material.

(3) Double level rack

Difference of height (H) for each level of rack shall be 1000mm, 1500mm, 2000mm as the
standard.

If an angle is necessary, special

caution is required to avoid the
interference with the adjacent pipe.

Type "Ⅰ" Type "Ⅱ" Type "Ⅲ"

The figures Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ show the elbows connected fitting to fitting and the dimensions of
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the height(h) are shown in the following table.

(Unit : mm)

Nominal Pipe Size 6B 8B 10B 12B 14B 16B 18B 20B

Elbow Dimension 228.6 304.8 381.0 457.2 533.4 609.6 685.8 762.0

Type Ⅰ (90°) 458 610 762 916 - - - -

Type Ⅱ (45°) - - - 458 534 610 686 762

Type Ⅲ (30°) - - - - 337 385 433 479

Nominal Pipe Size 24B 26B 28B 30B 32B 34B 36B 40B

Elbow Dimension 914.4 990.6 1066.8 1143.0 1219.2 1295.4 1371.4 1524.0

Type Ⅰ (90°) - - - - - - - -

Type Ⅱ (45°) 915 991 - - - - - -

Type Ⅲ (30°) 557 625 673 721 762 817 865 961

(Note) : H ≥ 2h
For elbow 90°, 45°and 30°→ Consider it as a long radius elbow and
calculate the height.

5. PIPING ARRANGEMENT AND THE RACK WIDTH

5.1 Piping Arrangement

(1) Large size pipes (14" and larger) shall be arranged close to the column in order to
decrease the bending moment of beam.

(2) The utility piping shall be laid on the middle of the rack If the rack has a
single level and these piping shall be laid on the upper level if the rack has two levels.
Piping in the rack shall be arranged according to the "Table of arrangement classification"
on the next page.
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Table of arrangement classification

Upper Rack Lower Rack

Type
Side Center Side Center

Blow-down (Flare) piping ○

Raw material inlet piping (12B and over) ◎ ○

Raw material inlet piping (10B and under) ○ ○

Product discharge piping (12B and over) ◎ ○
Product discharge piping (10B and under) ○ ○
P
R Overhead piping from tall tower or highly
O elevated vessel ○ ○
C
E Piping from tower and vessel to pumps or
S exchangers ○ ○
S
Pump discharge piping ○ ○
Corrosive piping ○ ○
Piping located between equipments on ground
leved ○ ○

Vibration piping ○
High and low pressure steam piping ○

Condensate piping ○
Boiler feed water piping ○ ○ ○
U
T
I Hose station piping (water, air, N₂, etc.) ○ ○
L
I Plant air piping ○ ○
T
Y Cooling water header piping for pump ○

Fuel oil and gas piping ○ ○

Instrument air piping ○
Instrument duct ○ ○
DUCT
Electric duct ○ ○

(Note) : ◎ Expansion loop may be required.

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(3) The end of utility header piping shall be arranged as same as the following figures.

Class Type Blind flange Cap

(*) 300LB and under 8B and under 10B and larger

(*) 600LB and under 6B and under 8B and larger

(Note) : (*) For the class of 900LB and over, the piping similar to the above types shall
be avoided.

(4) Piping with corrosive fluids shall not be installed above the cable duct.

(5) For reciprocating compressor discharge piping, pressure drop valve and drain piping to be
installed on the pipe rack, thorough consideration shall be given to the vibration
protection.

(6) Piping at B.L. connection point shall be arranged through sufficient coordibation with the
client and the relevant contractor, discussing the piping arrangement and the anchor
locations.

(7) Platform or walkway with ladder shall be installed on the rack where frequent operation
and/or maintenance of valves are required. A ladder hall be installed with a cage .
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(8) When necessary to install an expansion loop on the condensate line, do it horizontally to
prevent water hammering. But, do as follows if horizontal loop is impossible.

(9) Loop of piping shall be grouped considering a fine view.

Make lines into a group and install a large size piping and high temperature piping to
the edge of the rack.
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(10) Grounding is necessary on the piping where static electricity is expected to occur.

[Reference]

1) fluid that could be dangerous from static electricity.

┌ 1st Petroleum (crude oil, gasoline, solvent, naphtha, tar, light oil, etc.)
│
Petroleum ┼ 2nd Petroleum (kerosene, light oil, diesel oil, xylene, etc.)
│
└ 3rd Petroleum (heavy oil, lube oil, tars such as creosote oil)

Ether, carbon bisulfide, collodion, acetone, nitric acid ester, formic acid ester,
pyridine, chloro-benzol, animals and plants oils, etc.

2) About the electrification

Safety fluid velocity → 1m/sec and under for petroleum in API

Constant fluid velocity → proportional to pipe size
Constant pipe size → proportional to fluid velocity

(*) Pneumatic conveying piping for powders susceptible to the disaster due to static
electricity and non-conductive powders (synthetic resin, wheat powder, etc.).

3) Lug installation criteria

① Bonding between pipes

Fabrication and attachment

Lug for bond of lug by piping contractor

Insulated pipe
L=30+ Insulation thickness
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② Bonding between valve and pipe

Farication and
Sus Teminal attachment of lug
by piping contractor

same as bolt hole size

Sus Teminal

* Leave some space

to take out bolts

③ For piping on the rack, it is recommended to consider the rack column connected
to grounding main line at every 18m as same as the piping.

(11) Harzadous gas piping shall be installed on the upper rack and it shall be away from high
temperature piping.

(12) Install steel shoes on the hot-insulated piping (except for protector) and the cold-
insulated piping operating at over 0℃.

(13) Install support with cradle (rest type or whole circumference type) for cold-insulated
piping operating at 0℃ and under.
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(14) Install support with saddle for thin pipes or large size pipes (D/t > 95) to minimize
local stress. (But, as above support type is not necessary when the distance of rack
column is short, its application shall be determined after preliminary examination.)

SHOE CRADLE SADDLE

(15) Changes in piping direction

Plane bending 3-dimensional bending

(Used in O.S.B.L.) (Generally used within the unit.)

This type is economical.
This type can be applied to the line
with complicated change of direction.
Care shall be taken for overhang in
the corner area.
(Proper middle beam or dummy supports
may be required.)

(16) Oxygen piping shall not be arranged adjacent to the electrical duct.
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5.2 Rack Width

(1) Piping spacing on the rack shall be decided in accordance with "Drafting Data C-9
(SEM-3007)".
(Thorough consideration shall be given to the maintenance, hot insulation, cold insulation
and lateral movement by thermal expansion.)

(2) If special valve and instrument are installed on the rack, make decision on the width
considering the space of operation and maintenance.

(3) For the area where there are orifice piping, provide space for installing orifice
considering the orientation of differential pressure taps.

Instrument Hook-Up Drawing

(Note) : * Basically, do not use type "B-2" for superheated steam.

(It is to protect stress corrosion.)

* Type "B-1" and "C-1" shall be generally installed as the following figure.
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(4) Leave 10-15% of space as a rule.

Also provide 20~30% of the space if future extension is expected.

(5) Rack width shall be decided as shown on the below.

B ≥ Bo + F
Bo = { (P1 + P2)) + CE } × (1 + F)

B : Rack width
Bo : Calculated rack width
P1, P2 : Pipe spacing (as per "Drafting Data C-9" in SEM-3007)
CE : Electric cable duct
α : 0.1 ~ 0.15
F : For future extension (α included)

6. LOADING DATE

6.1 Type of Load

Type Description Direction Remarks

Sustain
Weight of piping, valve and load insulation Vertical
load(Dead

Load by thermal expansion of piping Horizontal

Thermal load Reaction force by internal pressure of
Horizontal
expansion bellows.

Load by vibration of piping

Dynamic load
Load by wind and earthquake Horizontal
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Type Description Direction Remarks

Refer to line
Liquid load for hydrostatic pressure test. Vertical schedule.
Sustained
load
(Live load) Snow load (The difference of snowfall
depending on the region shall be considered Vertical
in making decision)

6.2 Calculation Method

(1) Weight calculation criteria of piping, valve and insulation

1) Liquid piping
a) Insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + insulation weight + contents weight
b) Un-insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + contents weight
c) Insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + insulation weight + contents weight
d) Un-insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + contents weight
2) Gas piping
a) Insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + insulation weight + water weight
b) Un-insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + water weight
c) Insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test
Load = piping weight + insulation weight
d) Un-insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test
Load = piping weight

Note : 1) For pipe and insulation weight, refer to weight table of paragraph 6.4.
2) For instrument duct and electric duct, refer to the following table.
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Instrumentation Design Manual "SEM-5001"

Width (W) × Height (H) Weight (kg/m) Width (W) × Height (H) Weight (kg/m)

1500 × 500 515 600 × 300 150

1400 × 500 480 500 × 300 125

1200 × 400 350 400 × 200 75

1000 × 400 290 300 × 200 60

800 × 300 190

(*) Allowable span for duct is max. 6000mm.

6.3 Layout aids for piperack

(1) The stress limit on anchors and guides is 1410 kg/㎠ Max.
(2) Force limit on anchors and guides is 1000 kg Max. unbalanced force including friction
loads.

Example 1 :

Where Ft = Thermal force

Ft = Friction force

Total unbalanced force = (1600 + 1300) - (1300 + 1000)

= 700 kg

This is within the limiting criteria

Example 2 :

Total unbalanced force = (1900 + 1400) - (700 + 500)

= 2100 kg
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This exceeds the limiting criteria of 1000 kg unbalanced force.

Consult lead stress engineer for possible alternatives to comply with the force
limitation.

Notes : 1. For friction loads, we can manually calculate them getting the unit weights from
the table in para.6.4.
2. For thermal loads, we can manually calculate them using the data and nomographs.
But computer program is very well prepared and is it faster, accurate to use
computer for total unbalanced force at the anchor point.

(3) Expansion loop requirements

a) Generally, if the total expansion in any direction on the piperack is less than
100 mm, the loop could be avoided by locating an anchor in the middle of the run.
b) The total expansion between loop anchors should not exceed 350 mm.
c) The Max. expansion at the change of direction (i.e. points ⓐ and ⓑ in the example3)
should not exceed 50 mm, consult the lead stress engineer for any exceptions.

(4) Location of loops and guides

Example 3 :

Pipe material : ASTM A-53 Gr.B

Design temp. : 260 ℃
Exp. Coefficient : 3.02 mm/m
Commodity : HC (Vapor)
Insulation : 50 mm thick calsium silicate
(12.7 kg/m - from weight table)
Friction coefficient = 0.3 ( steel on steel)
a) Total expansion in the East - West direction.
150 × 3.02 = 453 mm
b) Anchor should be located in such a way that the expansion going into the loop should
not exceed 350 mm and the total unbalanced forces at the anchors should be within
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the limiting criteria (para.6.3(2)). Locate anchor at 15 m from point ⓐ and ⓑ.

c) Expansion going into the loop
{138 - (2×15)} × 3.02 = 326 mm
d) Expansion loop can be sized manually using data and nomograph.
f) Anchor and guide loads can be calculated manually or by computer. calculating by
computer is more fast and accurate

△
▲ ▲

For W = 1500 mm to 3000 mm, G ≥ 60000 mm

For W > 3000 mm, G ≥ 12000 mm
Fu = Total unbalanced force.
▲ To locate guides, follow the pipe guide spacing tabulated in
general note 1.6, selection guide of pipe supports (1/8).
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6.4 Weight Table for pipe and Thermal Insulation (for reference)
6.4.1 Calcium silicate hot-insulation (ρ = 0.22 g/㎤)

Nominal Outside Internal

pipe diameter pipe Weight of hot-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)
size (mm) water
(B) weight
(kg/m)
25 30 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225 250

1/2 21.7 - 0.8 1.1 2.5 3.9 5.0 6.9 10.9 15.6 17.8 23.8 30.6 38.4 46.9

3/4 27.2 - 0.9 1.2 2.7 4.1 5.3 7.3 11.3 16.2 18.4 24.5 31.4 39.2 47.9

1 34.0 0.6 1.0 1.3 2.9 4.4 5.7 7.7 11.8 16.8 19.1 25.3 32.3 40.3 49.1

1½ 48.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 3.4 5.1 6.4 8.6 13.0 18.3 20.6 27.0 34.4 42.5 51.6

2 60.5 2.2 1.5 1.9 3.8 5.6 7.0 9.4 13.9 19.4 21.8 28.5 36.0 44.4 53.7

2½ 76.3 3.6 1.8 2.2 4.4 6.3 7.8 10.3 15.2 20.9 23.5 30.4 38.2 46.9 56.4

3 89.1 5.1 2.0 2.5 4.8 6.9 8.5 11.1 16.2 22.2 24.8 31.9 40.0 48.8 58.6

4 114.3 8.7 2.4 3.0 5.7 8.1 9.8 12.7 18.2 24.6 27.4 35.0 43.4 52.8 62.9

6 165.2 18.9 3.3 4.0 7.4 10.3 12.5 15.9 22.3 29.5 32.7 41.1 50.5 60.7 71.7

8 216.2 32.9 4.3 5.1 9.2 12.6 15.1 19.1 26.3 34.5 38.0 47.3 57.5 68.6 80.6

10 267.4 50.7 5.1 6.2 11.0 14.3 17.7 22.2 30.4 39.4 43.3 53.5 64.6 76.6 89.4

12 318.5 72.9 5.9 7.2 12.7 17.2 20.4 25.4 34.5 44.4 48.6 59.7 71.7 84.5 98.2

14 355.6 92.7 6.6 8.0 14.0 18.9 22.3 27.7 37.4 50.2 52.4 64.2 76.8 90.3 104.6

16 406.4 122.1 7.5 9.0 15.8 21.2 25.0 30.9 41.4 52.9 57.7 70.3 83.8 98.2 113.4

18 457.2 155.6 8.3 10.1 17.5 23.5 27.6 34.0 45.5 57.8 62.9 76.5 90.8 106.1 122.2

20 508.0 193.1 9.2 11.2 19.3 25.7 30.2 37.2 49.5 62.7 68.2 82.6 97.9 114.0 131.0

22 558.8 234.7 10.1 12.2 21.0 28.0 32.9 40.4 53.6 67.6 73.5 88.8 104.9 121.9 139.8

24 609.6 279.6 11.0 13.3 22.8 30.3 35.5 43.5 57.6 72.5 78.7 94.9 111.9 129.8 148.5

26 660.4 330.0 11.8 14.3 24.5 32.6 38.1 46.7 61.6 77.4 84.0 101.0 118.9 137.7 157.3

28 711.2 383.8 12.7 15.4 26.3 34.9 40.8 52.9 65.7 82.4 89.3 107.2 126.0 145.6 166.1

30 762.0 440.6 13.6 16.4 28.1 37.2 43.4 53.0 69.7 87.3 94.5 113.3 133.0 153.5 174.9

32 812.8 502.4 14.5 17.5 29.9 39.4 46.0 56.2 73.7 92.2 99.8 119.5 140.0 161.4 183.6

34 863.6 568.2 15.4 18.5 31.6 41.8 48.7 59.3 77.8 97.1 105.1 125.6 147.0 169.3 192.4

36 914.4 638.1 16.2 19.6 33.3 44.0 51.3 62.2 81.8 102.0 110.3 131.8 154.0 177.2 201.2

40 1016.0 782.8 18.0 21.7 36.8 48.6 56.6 68.8 89.9 111.9 120.9 144.1 168.1 193.0 218.7

42 1066.8 840.0 18.9 22.7 38.6 50.8 59.2 72.0 93.9 116.8 126.1 150.2 175.1 200.9 227.5

44 1117.6 944.7 19.7 23.8 40.3 53.1 61.8 75.1 98.0 121.7 131.4 156.3 182.1 208.8 236.3

48 1219.2 1125.0 21.5 25.9 43.9 57.7 67.1 81.4 106.0 131.5 141.9 168.6 196.2 224.6 253.9

54 1371.6 1426.0 24.1 29.1 49.1 64.5 75.0 90.9 118.2 146.3 157.7 187.1 217.2 248.3 280.2

60 1524.0 1763.0 26.8 32.2 54.4 71.4 82.9 100.4 130.3 161.0 173.5 205.5 238.3 272.0 306.5
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6.4.2 Perlite hot-insulation (ρ = 0.20 g/㎤)

Nomina Outsid Interna

l e l
pipe Weight of hot-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)
pipe diamet
size er water
weight
(B) (mm) (kg/m) 25 30 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225 250

1/2 21.7 - 0.7 1.0 2.3 3.5 4.6 6.3 9.9 14.2 16.2 21.6 27.9 34.9 42.7

3/4 27.2 - 0.8 1.1 2.4 3.8 4.8 6.6 10.3 14.7 16.7 22.2 28.6 35.7 43.5

1 34.0 0.6 0.9 1.2 2.6 4.0 5.1 7.0 10.8 15.3 17.3 23.0 29.4 36.6 44.6

1½ 48.6 1.4 1.2 1.5 3.1 4.6 5.8 7.8 11.8 16.6 18.7 24.6 31.2 38.7 46.9

2 60.5 2.2 1.3 1.7 3.5 5.1 6.4 8.5 12.7 17.6 19.8 25.9 32.7 40.4 48.8

2½ 76.3 3.6 1.6 2.0 4.0 5.8 7.1 9.4 13.8 19.0 21.3 27.6 34.7 42.6 51.3

3 89.1 5.1 1.8 2.3 4.4 6.3 7.7 10.2 14.7 20.2 22.6 29.0 36.5 44.4 53.4

4 114.3 8.7 2.2 2.7 5.2 7.3 8.9 11.6 16.6 22.4 24.9 31.8 39.5 48.0 57.2

6 165.2 18.9 3.0 3.7 6.8 9.4 11.3 14.4 20.2 26.8 29.7 37.4 45.9 55.2 65.2

8 216.2 32.9 3.8 4.6 8.4 11.5 13.7 17.3 23.9 31.3 34.5 43.0 52.3 62.4 73.2

10 267.4 50.7 4.6 5.6 10.0 13.6 16.1 20.2 27.6 35.8 39.3 48.6 58.7 69.6 81.3

12 318.5 72.9 5.4 6.6 11.6 15.7 18.5 23.1 31.3 40.3 44.2 54.3 65.2 76.8 89.3

14 355.6 92.7 6.0 7.3 12.7 17.2 20.3 25.2 34.0 43.6 47.7 58.3 69.8 82.1 95.1

16 406.4 122.1 6.8 8.2 14.3 19.3 22.7 28.1 37.7 48.1 52.4 63.9 76.2 89.3 103.1

18 457.2 155.6 7.6 9.2 15.9 21.3 25.1 30.9 41.3 52.5 57.2 69.5 82.6 96.4 111.1

20 508.0 193.1 8.4 10.1 17.5 23.4 27.5 33.8 45.0 57.0 62.0 75.1 89.0 103.6 119.1

22 558.8 234.7 9.2 11.1 19.1 25.5 30.0 36.7 48.7 61.5 66.8 80.7 95.4 110.8 127.0

24 609.6 279.6 10.0 12.1 20.7 27.6 32.3 39.6 52.4 65.9 71.6 86.3 101.7 118.0 136.6

26 660.4 330.0 10.8 13.0 22.3 29.6 34.7 42.4 56.0 70.4 76.4 91.9 108.1 125.2 143.0

28 711.2 383.8 11.6 14.0 23.9 31.7 37.0 45.3 59.7 74.9 81.2 97.4 118.3 132.4 151.0

30 762.0 440.6 12.4 14.9 25.5 33.8 39.4 48.2 63.4 79.3 86.0 103.0 120.9 139.5 159.0

32 812.8 502.4 13.2 15.9 27.1 35.8 41.8 51.1 67.0 83.8 90.7 108.6 127.3 146.7 166.9

34 863.6 568.2 14.0 16.8 28.7 37.9 44.2 53.9 70.7 88.3 95.5 114.2 133.7 153.9 174.9

36 914.4 638.1 14.8 17.8 30.3 40.0 46.6 56.8 74.4 92.7 100.3 119.8 140.0 161.1 182.9

40 1016.0 782.8 16.4 19.7 33.5 44.1 51.4 62.5 81.7 101.7 109.9 131.0 152.8 175.4 198.9

42 1066.8 840.0 17.1 20.7 35.1 46.2 53.8 65.4 85.4 106.2 114.7 136.5 159.2 182.6 206.8

44 1117.6 944.7 17.9 21.6 36.7 47.9 56.2 68.3 88.3 110.6 119.5 142.1 165.6 189.8 214.8

48 1219.2 1125.0 19.5 23.5 39.9 52.4 61.0 74.0 96.4 119.6 129.0 153.3 178.3 204.2 230.8

54 1371.6 1426.0 21.9 26.4 44.7 58.7 68.2 82.7 107.6 133.0 143.4 170.1 197.5 225.7 254.7

60 1524.0 1763.0 24.3 29.3 49.4 64.9 75.4 91.3 118.4 146.4 157.8 186.8 216.6 247.3 278.7
 SEM - 3036E
DESIGN MANUAL
REV. : 5
RACK PIPING
DATE : 1998. 9.28 PAGE 23 OF 44

6.4.3 Urethane foam cold-insulation (ρ = 0.035 g/㎤)

Nomina Outside Interna

l diamete l
pipe r pipe Weight of cold-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)
size (mm) water
(B) weight
(kg/m) 25 30 40 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225 250

1/2 21.7 - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.7 2.5 2.8 3.8 4.9 6.1 7.5

3/4 27.2 - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.6 2.9 3.9 5.0 6.2 7.6

1 34.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.9 2.7 3.0 4.0 5.1 6.4 7.8

1½ 48.6 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.4 2.1 2.9 3.3 4.3 5.5 6.8 8.2

2 60.5 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.5 2.2 3.1 3.5 4.5 5.7 7.1 8.5

2½ 76.3 3.6 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.4 3.3 3.7 4.8 6.1 7.5 9.0

3 89.1 5.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 3.5 3.9 5.1 6.4 7.8 9.3

4 114.3 8.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.9 3.9 4.4 5.6 6.9 8.4 10.0

6 165.2 18.9 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.7 5.2 6.5 8.0 9.7 11.4

8 216.2 32.9 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.5 2.0 2.4 3.0 4.2 5.5 6.0 7.5 9.1 10.9 12.8

10 267.4 50.7 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.5 4.8 6.3 6.9 8.5 10.3 12.2 14.2

12 318.5 72.9 0.9 1.1 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.2 4.0 5.5 7.1 7.7 9.5 11.4 13.4 15.6

14 355.6 92.7 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.2 3.0 3.5 4.4 6.0 8.0 8.3 10.2 12.2 14.4 16.6

16 406.4 122.1 1.2 1.4 2.0 2.5 3.4 4.0 4.9 6.6 8.4 9.2 11.2 13.3 15.6 18.0

18 457.2 155.6 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.8 3.7 4.4 5.4 7.2 9.2 10.0 12.1 14.4 16.9 19.4

20 508.0 193.1 1.5 1.8 2.4 3.1 4.1 4.8 5.9 7.9 10.0 10.9 13.1 15.6 18.1 20.8

22 558.8 234.7 1.6 1.9 2.6 3.3 4.5 5.2 6.4 8.5 10.8 11.7 14.1 16.7 19.4 22.2

24 609.6 279.6 1.8 2.1 2.9 3.6 4.8 5.6 6.9 9.2 11.5 12.5 15.1 17.8 20.7 23.6

26 660.4 330.0 1.9 2.3 3.1 3.9 5.2 6.1 7.4 9.8 12.3 13.4 16.1 18.9 21.9 25.0

28 711.2 383.8 2.0 2.5 3.3 4.2 5.6 6.5 8.4 10.5 13.1 14.2 17.1 20.0 23.2 26.4

30 762.0 440.6 2.2 2.6 3.5 4.5 5.9 6.9 8.4 11.1 13.9 15.0 18.0 21.2 24.4 27.8

32 812.8 502.4 2.3 2.8 3.8 4.8 6.3 7.3 8.9 11.7 14.7 15.9 19.0 22.3 25.7 29.2

34 863.6 568.2 2.5 2.9 4.2 5.0 6.7 7.7 9.4 12.4 15.4 16.7 20.0 23.4 26.9 30.6

36 914.4 638.1 2.6 3.1 4.2 5.3 7.0 8.2 9.9 13.0 16.2 17.5 20.1 24.5 28.2 32.0

40 1016.0 782.8 2.9 3.5 4.6 5.9 7.7 9.0 10.9 14.3 17.8 19.2 22.9 26.7 30.7 34.8

42 1066.8 840.0 3.0 3.6 4.9 6.1 8.1 9.4 11.5 14.9 18.6 20.1 23.9 27.9 32.0 36.2

44 1117.6 944.7 3.1 3.8 5.1 6.4 8.4 9.8 11.9 15.6 19.4 20.9 24.9 29.0 33.2 37.6

48 1219.2 1125.0 3.4 4.1 5.5 7.0 9.2 10.7 13.0 16.8 20.9 22.6 26.8 31.2 35.7 40.4

54 1371.6 1426.0 3.8 4.6 6.2 7.8 10.3 11.9 14.5 18.8 23.3 25.1 29.8 34.6 39.5 44.6

60 1524.0 1763.0 4.3 5.1 6.9 8.7 11.4 13.2 16.0 20.7 25.6 27.6 32.7 37.9 43.3 47.8
 SEM - 3036E
DESIGN MANUAL
REV. : 5
RACK PIPING
DATE : 1998. 9.28 PAGE 24 OF 44

6.4.4 Cellular glass cold-insulation (ρ = 0.16 g/㎤)

Nominal Outside Interna

pipe diamete l
size r pipe Weight of cold-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)
(B) (mm) water
weight
(kg/m) 25 30 40 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225

1/2 21.7 - 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.8 3.6 5.1 7.9 8.2 8.9 12.6 12.2 16.7

3/4 27.2 - 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.9 3.0 3.9 5.3 8.2 8.8 9.5 13.0 13.2 17.3

1 34.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.2 4.1 5.6 8.6 9.1 9.8 13.6 13.6 18.1

1½ 48.6 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.8 2.5 3.7 4.7 6.3 9.5 10.1 10.9 14.9 15.0 19.7

2 60.5 2.2 1.1 1.7 2.0 2.8 4.1 5.1 6.8 10.1 10.9 11.8 14.2 16.2 18.8

2½ 76.3 3.6 1.3 1.6 2.3 3.2 4.6 5.7 7.5 11.1 12.1 13.0 17.4 17.8 22.9

3 89.1 5.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 3.5 5.0 6.2 8.1 12.1 13.0 14.0 18.8 19.1 24.8

4 114.3 8.7 1.8 2.2 3.1 4.1 5.9 7.1 9.2 13.3 14.7 15.9 20.7 21.6 27.2

6 165.2 18.9 2.4 2.9 4.1 5.4 7.5 9.1 11.5 16.2 18.3 19.7 25.2 26.8 32.9

8 216.2 32.9 3.0 3.7 5.2 6.7 9.2 11.0 13.9 19.2 21.9 23.5 29.7 31.9 38.7

10 267.4 50.7 3.7 4.5 6.2 8.0 10.9 12.9 16.2 22.1 25.5 27.4 34.2 37.0 44.5

12 318.5 72.9 4.3 5.3 7.2 9.3 12.5 14.8 18.5 25.1 29.1 31.3 38.7 42.2 50.3

14 355.6 92.7 4.8 5.8 8.0 10.2 13.7 15.9 20.2 27.2 31.7 34.0 41.9 45.9 54.5

16 406.4 122.1 5.4 6.6 9.0 11.5 15.4 18.1 22.5 30.1 35.3 37.9 46.4 51.0 60.2

18 457.2 155.6 6.1 7.3 10.0 12.7 17.1 20.1 24.8 33.1 38.9 41.7 50.9 56.1 66.0

20 508.0 193.1 6.7 8.1 11.0 14.0 18.7 22.0 27.1 36.0 42.4 45.5 55.3 61.2 71.7

22 558.8 234.7 7.3 8.9 12.0 15.3 20.4 23.9 29.4 38.9 46.0 49.4 59.8 66.3 77.4

24 609.6 279.6 8.0 9.6 13.0 16.6 22.0 25.8 31.6 41.9 49.6 53.2 64.2 74.2 83.2

26 660.4 330.0 8.6 10.4 14.9 17.9 23.4 27.7 33.9 44.8 53.2 57.0 68.7 76.5 88.9

28 711.2 383.8 9.3 11.2 15.1 19.1 25.4 29.6 36.2 47.8 56.7 60.9 73.2 81.7 94.7

30 762.0 440.6 9.9 11.9 16.1 20.4 27.0 31.6 38.5 50.7 60.3 64.7 77.7 86.8 100.4

32 812.8 502.4 10.5 12.7 17.1 21.7 28.7 33.5 40.8 53.6 63.9 68.5 82.1 91.9 106.2

34 863.6 568.2 11.2 13.5 18.2 23.1 30.3 35.4 43.1 56.6 67.5 72.4 86.6 97.0 111.9

36 914.4 638.1 11.8 14.2 19.2 24.2 32.0 37.3 45.4 59.5 74.2 80.3 95.8 112.0 128.9

40 1016.0 782.8 13.1 15.8 21.2 26.8 35.3 41.1 50.0 65.4 81.3 87.9 104.8 122.2 140.4

42 1066.8 840.0 13.7 16.5 22.3 28.1 37.0 43.0 52.4 68.3 84.9 91.7 109.2 127.4 146.1

44 1117.6 944.7 14.4 17.3 23.3 29.3 38.6 45.0 54.6 71.3 88.5 95.6 113.7 132.5 151.8

48 1219.2 1125.0 15.6 18.8 25.3 31.9 42.0 48.8 59.2 77.1 95.6 103.2 122.6 142.7 164.3

54 1371.6 1426.0 17.6 21.1 28.4 35.7 46.9 54.5 66.1 85.9 106.4 114.7 136.0 158.0 180.6

60 1524.0 1763.0 19.5 23.4 31.4 39.6 51.9 60.3 73.0 94.7 117.8 127.0 149.5 174.3 197.8
 SEM - 3036E
DESIGN MANUAL
REV. : 5
RACK PIPING
DATE : 1998. 9.28 PAGE 25 OF 44

6.4.5 Pipe weight

a: ANSI B36.10 steel pipe schedule numbers
b: ANSI B36.10 steel pipe nominal wall thicknes designation
c: ANSI B36.10 stainless steel pipe schedule numbers.

Normal schedule wall weight Normal schedule wall weight

weight weight
pipe thick. of water pipe thick. of water
(kg/m) (kg/m)
size a b c (mm) (kg/m) size (mm) (kg/m)
a b c

- - 5S 1.65 0.801 0.254 - - 5S 2.11 3.683 3.719

- - 10S 2.11 1.000 0.230 - - 10S 3.05 5.255 3.514
1/2" 40 Std 40S 2.77 1.266 0.196 40 Std 40S 5.16 8.621 30.89
80 Xs 80S 3.73 1.619 0.151 80 XS 80S 7.01 11.401 2.734
160 - - 4.75 1.941 0.110 2½" 160 - - 9.53 14897 2.284
- XXS - 7.47 2.551 0.032 - XXS - 14.02 20.388 1.588
- - - 17.15 23.607 1.179
- - 5S 1.65 0.801 0.254 - - - 20.32 26.384 0.825
- - 10S 2.11 1.000 0.230
40 Std 40S 2.77 1.266 0.196 - - 5S 2.11 4.509 5.625
3/4" 80 XS 80S 3.73 1.619 0.151 - - 10S 3.05 6.444 5.372
160 - - 4.75 1.941 0.110 40 std 40S 5.49 11.280 4.762
- XXS - 7.47 2.551 0.032 80 XS 80S 7.62 15.254 4.262
3"
160 - - 11.10 21.311 3.494
- - 5S 1.65 1.018 0.429 - XXS - 15.24 27.651 2.680
- - 10S 2.11 1.275 0.396 - - - 18.42 31.977 2.130
40 Std 40S 2.87 1.683 0.342 - - - 21.59 35.801 1.641
1"
80 Xs 80S 3.91 2.194 0.279
160 - - 5.54 2.883 0.191 - - 5S 2.11 5.834 9.524
- XXS - 7.82 3.633 0.095 - - 10S 3.05 8.349 9.182
- - - 4.78 12.739 8.631
- - 5S 1.65 1.292 0.711 40 Std 40S 6.02 16.058 8.200
- - 10S 2.77 2.089 0.609 80 XS 80S 8.56 22.293 7.411
40 Std 40S 3.38 2.499 0.557 4" 120 - - 11.10 28.216 6.667
1¼ - - - 12.70 31.788 6.191
80 XS 80S 4.55 3.232 0.463
160 - - 6.35 4.232 0.336 160 - - 13.49 33.499 5.983
- XXS - 9.09 5.445 0.182 - XXS - 17.12 40.985 5.030
- - - 20.32 47.046 4.262
- - 5S 1.65 0.740 0.689 - - - 23.50 52.560 3.558
- - 10S 2.77 0.740 0.655
40 Std 40S 3.68 4.045 1.313 - - 5S 2.77 7.992 20.805
80 XS 80S 5.08 5.404 1.139 - - 10S 3.40 13.825 20.448
1½ 160 - - - - - 5.56 22.353 19.495
7.14 7.231 0.905
- XXS - 10.16 9.536 0.613 40 Std 40S 7.11 28.231 18.617
- - - 13.34 11.474 0.366 6" 80 XS 80S 10.97 42.518 16.802
- - - 16.51 12.915 0.183 120 - - 14.27 54.155 15.328
160 - - 18.24 67.415 13.632
- - 5S 1.65 2.387 2.554 - XXS - 21.95 79.112 12.159
- - 10S 2.77 3.926 2.354 - - - 25.40 89.404 10.840
40 Std 40S 3.91 5.436 2.165 - - - 28.58 98.345 9.699
2" 80 XS 80S 5.54 7.474 1.905
160 - - 8.71 11.078 1.445 - - 5S 2.77 14.748 35.821
- XXS - 11.07 13.437 1.144 - - 10S 3.76 19.942 35.106
- - - 14.27 16.194 0.793 - - - 5.56 29.228 34.080
- - - 17.45 18.431 0.507 20 - - 6.35 33.276 33.454
30 - - 7.04 36.758 33.008
40 Std 40S 8.18 42.488 32.279
- - 5S 2.11 3.683 3.719 60 - - 10.31 53.039 30.939
- - 10S 3.05 5.255 3.514 8" 80 XS 80S 12.70 64.573 29.466
40 Std 40S 5.16 8.621 30.89 100 - - 15.06 75.704 28.037
80 XS 80S 7.01 11.401 2.734 120 - - 18.24 90.229 26.192
2½"
160 - - 9.53 14897 2.284 140 - - 20.62 100.840 24.838
- XXS - 14.02 20.388 1.588 160 - - 23.01 111.153 23.513
- - - 17.15 23.607 1.179 - - - 25.40 121.194 22.241
- - - 20.32 26.384 0.825 - - - 28.58 134.107 20.594
 SEM - 3036E
DESIGN MANUAL
REV. : 5
RACK PIPING
DATE : 1998. 9.28 PAGE 26 OF 44

6.4.5 Pipe weight (cont'd)

ormal schedule wall weight Normal schedule wall weight

pipe thick. weight of water weight
(kg/m) pipe thick. (kg/m) of water
size a b c (mm) (kg/m) size (mm) (kg/m)
a b c

- - 5S 3.40 22.546 55.658 - - 5S 4.19 41.669 124.264

- - 10S 4.19 27.829 54.914 - - 10S 4.78 47.622 123.520
- - - 5.56 36.654 53.872 10 - - 6.35 62.578 121.734
20 - - 6.35 41.729 53.277 20 - - 7.92 77.922 119.799
30 - - 7.80 50.956 52.087 30 Std - 9.53 93.131 117.716
40 Std 40S 9.27 60.242 50.747 40 XS - 12.70 123.177 113.846
60 XS 80S 12.70 81.463 48.069 16" 60 - - 16.66 159.980 109.233
10" 80 - - 15.06 95.735 46.283 80 - - 21.41 203.078 103.727
100 - - 18.24 114.486 43.902 100 - - 26.19 245.298 98.369
120 - - 21.41 132.746 41.669 120 - - 30.94 286.164 93.161
- - - 22.23 137.330 41.074 140 - - 36.50 332.819 87.208
140 - - 25.40 154.965 38.842 160 - - 40.46 364.770 83.190
160 - - 28.58 172.109 36.609
- - - 31.75 188.732 34.526 - - 5S 4.19 46.134 158.046
- - - 38.10 220.535 30.508 - - 10S 4.78 53.575 157.302
10 - - 6.35 70.525 155.218
- - 5S 3.96 31.237 78.428 20 - - 7.92 87.848 152.986
- - 10S 4.57 36.014 77.683 - Std - 9.53 105.051 150.605
20 - - 6.35 49.676 76.046 30 - - 11.10 122.121 148.670
30 - - 8.38 65.138 73.963 - XS - 12.70 139.071 146.438
18" 40 - - 14.27 155.888 144.354
- Std 40S 9.53 73.755 72.921
40 - - 10.31 79.663 72.177 60 - - 19.05 205.623 137.955
80 - - 23.80 254.108 131.705
- XS 80S 12.70 97.357 69.945 100 - - 29.36 309.484 124.561
60 - - 14.27 108.876 68.457 120 - - 34.93 363.326 117.865
12" 80 - - 17.45 131.720 65.480 140 - - 39.67 408.106 112.060
- - - 19.05 143.164 640141 160 - - 45.24 459.121 105.661
100 - - 21.41 159.534 61.909
- - - 22.23 165.040 61.165 - - 5S 4.78 59.528 194.953
120 - - 25.40 186.753 58.486 - - 10S 5.54 68.457 193.762
140 - - 28.58 207.870 55.807 10 - - 6.35 78.472 192.720
- - - 31.75 228.586 53.277 20 Std - 9.53 116.972 187.512
160 - - - - 51.938 30 XS - 12.70 154.965 182.750
40 - - 15.06 182.9132 179.178
- - 5S 3.96 34.228 94.798 20" 60 - - 20.62 47.635 171.142
- - - 22.23 265.984 168.761
- - 10S 4.78 41.223 93.905 80 - - 26.19 310.838 162.808
- - - 5.33 45.985 93.458 100 - - 32.54 381.125 153.789
- - - 5.56 47.920 93.161 120 - - 38.10 441.055 146.289
10 - - 6.35 54.631 92.417 140 - - 44.45 507.621 137.806
- - - 7.14 61.313 91.524 160 - - 49.99 564.039 130.812
20 - - 7.92 67.980 90.631
- - - 8.74 74.707 89.738 - - 5S 4.78 65.480 236.771
30 Std - 9.53 81.210 88.845 - - 10S 5.54 75.898 235.431
14" 40 - - 11.10 94.307 87.357 10 - - 6.35 86.315 234.241
- - - 11.91 100.899 86.315 20 Std - 9.53 129.472 228.735
- XS - 12.70 107.284 85.571 30 XS - 12.70 171.142 223.526
60 - - 15.06 126.362 83.190 - - - 15.88 212.811 218.169
22" - - - 19.05 252.992 212.960
- - - 15.88 132.866 82.297 30 - - 22.23 293.173 207.751
80 - - 19.05 157.941 79.172 80 - - 28.58 373.535 197.631
100 - - 23.80 194.551 74.409 100 - - 34.93 450.921 187.809
120 - - 27.76 224.225 70.689 120 - - 41.28 526.819 177.987
140 - - 31.75 253.320 66.969 140 - - 47.63 599.740 168.612
160 - - 35.71 281.446 63.397 160 - - 53.98 671.173 159.534
 SEM - 3036E
DESIGN MANUAL
REV. : 5
RACK PIPING
DATE : 1998. 9.28 PAGE 27 OF 44

6.4.5 Pipe weight (cont'd)

Normal schedule wall weight Normal schedule wall weight

pipe thick. weight of water weight
(kg/m) pipe thick. (kg/m) of water
size a b c (mm) (kg/m) size (mm) (kg/m)
a b c

10 - - 6.35 94.366 279.780 - - - 6.35 126.496 502.710

20 Std - 9.53 140.812 273.529 10 - - 7.92 157.748 498.841
- XS - 12.70 186.753 268.023 - Std - 9.53 189.000 494.823
30 - - 17.27 209.537 265.046 20 XS - 12.70 250.016 486.935
- - - 15.88 232.202 262.219 30 - - 15.88 311.031 479.048
40 - - 17.45 254.733 259.391 32" 40 - - 17.48 342.283 474.732
- - - 19.05 277.160 256.564
- - 5S 5.54 81.850 281.119 - - - 19.05 372.047 471.309
- - - 22.23 321.449 250.909 - - - 22.23 433.063 463.720
60 - - 24.59 354.353 246.742 - - - 25.40 492.591 455.981
80 - - 30.94 441.040 235.580 - - - 28.58 552.118 448.391
100 - - 38.89 546.761 222.187
24" 120 - - 46.02 639.013 210.430 - - - 6.35 133.937 568.488
140 - - 52.37 718.990 200.161 10 - - 7.92 166.677 564.470
160 - - 59.51 806.509 189.000 - Std - 9.53 200.906 559.857
- - - 6.35 99.709 329.485 20 XS - 12.70 266.386 551.820
10 - - 7.92 127.984 326.211 30 - - 15.88 331.866 543.189
- Std - 9.53 153.283 323.086 34"
20 XS - 40 - - 17.48 364.606 538.873
12.70 202.394 316.687
- - - 15.88 251.504 310.436 - - - 19.05 395.585 535.004
- - - 19.05 300.614 304.186 - - - 22.23 461.339 526.968
- - - 22.23 349.724 297.935 - - - 25.40 525.331 518.783
- - - 25.40 397.346 291.834 - - - 28.58 587.835 510.746
- - - 28.58 444.969 285.881
- - - 6.35 142.866 638.582
- - - 6.35 110.126 382.911 10 - - 7.92 177.094 634.117
10 - - 7.92 136.913 379.488 - Std - 9.53 212.811 629.653
- Std - 9.53 165.189 375.917 20 XS - 12.70 282.756 620.724
20 XS - 12.70 218.764 369.071 36" 30 - - 15.88 351.213 611.794
28" 30 - - 15.88 272.339 362.225 40 - - 19.05 419.669 603.163
- - - 19.05 324.425 355.528 - - - 22.23 488.126 594.383
- - - 22.23 376.512 348.831
- - - 25.40 556.583 585.751
- - - 25.40 428.598 342.283
- - - 28.58 480.685 335.735 - - - 28.58 623.551 577.269

- - 5S 6.35 117.567 440.950 - - - 6.35 166.677 572.674

10 - 10S 7.92 147.331 437.081 - Std - 9.53 248.528 862.108
- Std - 9.53 177.094 433.361 20 XS - 12.70 330.3784 851.691
20 XS - 12.70 235.134 425.920 30 - - 15.88 10.740 841.422
30" 30 - - 15.88 291.685 418.628 42"
40 - - 19.05 491.102 831.005
40 - - 19.05 348.236 411.633
- - - 25.40 651.827 810.765
- - - 22.23 404.787 404.490
- - - 25.40 461.339 397.346 - - - 31.75 809.575 790.526
- - - 28.58 516.402 390.203 - - - 38.10 965.835 770.733
 SEM - 3036E
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RACK PIPING
DATE : 1998. 9.28 PAGE 28 OF 44

7. Expansion Loops
Loops designed according to these charts will be stressed to the allowable limit for A-53 Gr.B
seamless Pipe. or equal, with LR elbows of the same thicikness as straight pipe.
Do not use for weaker material, or extraploate beyond the range of the charts.
With long expansion lenghts and nested loops, investigate pipe movements.
If thrusts are critical, consult stress section.
The distance between the guides. "G" is a minimum.
If there is not sufficient room to accommodate the depth of loop shown on the chart, then some
relief can be found by widening the loop. This effect is small, and can only be counted on within
the following limits:

To reduce H by 0.3m, increase W by 3.6m

To reduce H by 0.6m, increase W by 7.2m
If W > 6m then G ≥ 2W
H always ≥ 1.5m, even after reduction.
No. reduction of H greatr than 0.6m is permitted.
i.e., No increase of W greater than 7.2m permitted.

If it is desirable from a layout point of view, W may always be safely increased without any
decrease on H, providing that:
W ≥ ½ anchor distance
G ≥ 2W
For loops in which there is a vertical offset:

No credit may be taken if the dimensiion V is a minimum-i.e. fitting to fitting.

If V consists partly of straight pipe, the flexibility of the loop will be increased, and the
amount of this increase shall be checked by stress engineer.
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DATE : 1998. 9.28 PAGE 29 OF 44

7.1 For 3" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.2 For 4" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.3 For 6" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.4 For 8" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.5 For 10" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.6 For 12" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.7 For 14" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.8 For 16" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.9 For 18" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.10 For 20" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.11 For 24" std wt to xxs inclusive

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7.12 For 30" std wt to xxs inclusive

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DATE : 1998. 9.28 PAGE 41 OF 44

8. RACK STRUCTURE (for reference)

(1) Allow sufficient rack width between columns. (Refer para.5)

(Reference example) Rack span by plant

(Unit : mm)

Type of plant Rack span

Urea plant (600∼2,000 T/Y) 6000

Pitch Coke Plant 6000

Ethylene plant (200,000∼300,000 T/Y) 10000

Methanol, Polybuthyl, Refinery 6000 ∼ 8000

(2) For conditions of rack span, decision shall be made considering the following:

1) Mutual relation with plot of each machinery

2) Relation with pipe diameter

Decision on what the minimum pipe diameter of rack piping shall be and what the allowable
bending of the minimum pipe diameter shall be.

3) Relation with pipe weight

Fluid weight of pipe, pipe weight, valve weight and insulation weight.

4) Support for special piping

Relation with piping whose support span is short, such as copper, many kinds of plastic and
glass lining pipes.

5) Relation with deflection

If deflection of pipe is too great, drainage is not good, fluid which is in the slurry state
of high boiling point produces crystals and condensible vapor such as steam and dowtherm
vapor causes water hammering.
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(3) Basically, do not use assembled column for rack column.

(4) For rack column around structure or building, use columns of structure or building column
together if possible, and allow easy access from the ground.

(5) If necessary, rack shall be grounded.

(6) Rack column shall be fire proofed where necessary.

Construction method and range of fire proof shall be in accordance with the job specific
requirements.

(7) If rack is long (specially for O.S.B.L), provide one joint

bolt slot at the beam connection at every 50∼60m to absorb the thermal expansion
from temperature changes. And, do not joint the crossing rack each other.

(8) If there is expansion loop, or a lot of branch piping is expected to the unit on the rack,
indicate it on the structure planning drawing of the below form.

(9) Basically, ladders shall be installed at every 40∼60m of the rack considering the relation of
each area and cat way.

(10) Install bracing on the rack within the range that it does not interfere with pipe run,
operation and maintenance. (One bracing shall be installed at least every six span of racks.)
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(11) Examples of rack structure

1) 1 level rack (there is also reinforced concrete.) : L = 6 m

2) 2 level

① Normal structure (number of beam is 2 : one on the upper and the other on the lower) :
L = 6 m

② When beam is one : L = 6 m

③ When beam is structured with truss : L = 10∼15m

(12) The maximum deflection of rack beam shall be generally 1/300 against 2 span.
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DATE : 1998. 9.28 PAGE 44 OF 44

9. History of This Manual

Rev. Date Description

4 1996. 11. 15 (1) Progress of Enactment

This manual is enacted in accordance with Engineering Division

Strategic Plan, regarding the work of the rack piping.

(2) Written by : (Piping Engineering Team)

Koh Bong Hwan, Lee Joo Sang

Editorial Supervisor : Jeong Kyung Hwa

5 1998. 9. 28 (1) This manual is revised in accordance with piping design team
Strategic Plan of 1998, regarding the work of the rack piping.

(2) Piping engineerirng team

Written by : Mr. H.C. Chang, Lee joo sang
Reviewed by : Jeong kyung hwa
editorial Supervisor : Lee myung hak
Appendix Ⅰ: Sample of pipe rack loading data information drawing
Appendix Ⅱ: Sample of calculation table for maximum bending stress, anchor force and friction force