Study on Wind-solar Hybrid Generating System
Control Strategy
Yuehua Huang, Yang Xu, Xingchen Zhou
College of Electrical Engineering & Renewable Energy
China Three Gorges University
Yichang 443002, China
e-mail: hyh@ctgu.edu
Abstract—With the complementary characteristics between
wind and photovoltaic, wind-solar hybrid generating system take
advantage of the intervals wind and photovoltaic to make the
stable technology output by the control strategy of
transformation, charging and storage and so on. For making
maximum use of the wind and solar energy, this paper apply the
Maximum Power Point Tracking control method to the global
power of the wind-solar hybrid generating system according to
the basic principle of the variable step perturbation tracking
maximum power point algorithm. Due to the common DC/DC
charging controlling unit adopted in the paper, both the whole
circuit and control process are simplified to some extent.
According to analyzing the mathematical models and the control
strategies of the pv array, wind power generation and battery,
the paper use the Simulink of the matlab software to simulate the
whole Wind-solar Hybrid Generating System. The simulation
results verify that the control strategy not only enable the system
tracking the maximum power point very well, but bring about
the little charging current float and rush.
Key words —wind-solar hybrid generating system; MPPT
control; storage battery; matlab/simulink
I. INTRODUCTION
Wind power generation systems and solar power
generation system is, respectively, converting wind and solar
power into electric energy, and charging the battery through
the controller, then supplying the power to the load by the
inverter. Supported by the wind or solar power separately, it is
easy to cause the supply and load not too match that l affect the
output power quality of the system. In view of the strong
complementarity of solar and wind power in the time way,
Wind-solar Hybrid Generating System is considered to take
full advantage of renewable energy so greatly as to improve
the stability and reliability of the power system, and save the
cost of the electricity to a certain extent by reducing the
capacity of the battery and extending the life of the battery.
In order to improve the generating efficiency of the
Wind-solar Hybrid Generating System, it is necessary to make
the full of the wind power and photovoltaic power generation
as much as possible. Accordingly both the wind and solar
power can adopt the Maximum Power Point Tracking 㧔MPPT
㧕 method to improve the generating efficiency. The MPPT
control have many control methods, such as fixed voltage
tracking method, power feedback method, disturbance
observer method and so on. The paper[1] control the
Wind-solar Hybrid Generating System separately according to
978-1-61284-774-0/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE
773
the output characteristic curve of the wind and solar power.
Whereas the control method increase the complexity of the
proposed techniques and production cost. So this paper
proposed a method by means of controlling the total output
power of wind power and photovoltaic power generation by
MPPT to tracking the maximum power. By comparing and
analyzing a variety of MPPT control algorithm, this paper
adopts the variable step maximum power point tracking
algorithm, which tracks the maximum charging power of the
battery pack for realizing the MPPT controlof wind and solar
system[2][3]. So when it is lack of sunlight in the morning and
evening㧘the MPPT control tracks the maximum power of
wind power mainly, otherwise the maximum power of
photovoltaic power generation at noon. By the simulation with
MATLAB/SIMULINK software, it is verified that the control
method adopted in this paper not only ensure tracking the
maximum power of the wind and solar power generation
system on the operating process.
II. THE BRIFE INSTRUCTION OF THE PV WIND
AND ENERGY COMPLEMENTAL GENERATIONG
SYSTEM
Wind and solar hybrid is composed of some controllers
such as wind power generation, solar power generation, battery
and inverter. The double-fed asynchronous is widely used as
the generator in wind power generation, and power electronics
interface achieves power regulation and transformation with
both bridge-rectifier and DC/DC converter. Because the
randomness of wind is strong, a controller is needed to adjust
the speed to ensure the maximum utilization factor of wind
power when the wind speed is less than the rated, and ensure
the output power of the fan to maintain the rating when the
wind speed exceeds rated. When the output power of the fan is
too large, if you still need to charge the battery, then part of the
power must be removed through uninstalling the circuit in
order to avoid damage of generation system[4].
The photovoltaic generation part adopts photovoltaic cell
array, and achieves output power regulation and
transformation with DC/DC converter. Battery is the reservoir
core of the whole photovoltaic generation system, thus its
charge control is rather critical. By detecting voltage and
current respectively to realize the maximum power and
three-stage charge control of battery. At the beginning of
charging, in order to get quick control over the charge of
battery, it is charged with the maximum allowable current. If
the polarization responses occur at the time the terminal
voltage reaches the set value, the charging current should be
ensured in allowable value. Electric energy generated by wind
power and solar power must be converted to the adequate AC
and DC by power electronic converter to supply the load. This
converter could adopt the circuit composed of the power
converters, energy storage of mutual inductance and voltage
load.
III. THE ESTABLISH OF THE SIMULATION MODEL
A. The Output Characteristic and Mathematical Model of
the Wind Turbine
The amount of the wind power obtained by the vane is
proportional to the cube of the wind speed, and allowing for
the factors as the mechanical wear, the actual output power
from the wind turbine is as follows:
1 wr is the rotor mechanical angular speed. w2 is the
P = ρπ R 2V 3CP (λ , β ) (1)
2 interpolation between electrical angular frequency of the stator
Where,CP is the rotor power coefficient, and the eq.(1)
shows that the output power P is in direct proportion to CP
which is proportion to tip speed ratio λ affected by the wind
speed V ,The output characteristic of the wind turbine shows
the relation between wind speed and CP . If the wind power
generation keeps exporting the maximum energy at all times, it
is required to adjust the wind turbine rotating speed for a
specific wind speed under the nominal speed when the β is
ascertained. It is necessary to take advantage of the changing
pitch control method for tracking the maximum wind power if
the wind speed is over the nominal wind speed[5].
The generator’s simulation model using Matlab/Simulink
software is comprised of the stator model, the rotor model, flux
model and torque model according to the mathematical model
as follows[6]:
­°usd = Lm pird − w1 Lmirq
® ­ I pv = I sc ª1 − C1 (eVR C2Voc − 1) º + ΔI
°̄usq = Lm pirq + w1 Lmird
°­urd = Rr ird + Lr pird − w2 Lr irq
® ®VR = V pv + β (T − Tref ) + Rs ΔI
°̄urq = Rr ird + Lr pirq + w2 Lr ird
ψ sd = Lmird ;ψ sq = Lmirq
ψ rd = Lr ird ;ψ rq = Lr irq
Te = 0
J hybrid generating System, this paper adopts the ideal
TL = pwr
np
774
Where, the characters with subscripts as “d”,”q”are
presented separately for the d-axis components and q for q-axis
components under the rotor revolve synchronous coordinate
system. Ls is the self-instance of the stator winding, Rr ‫ޔ‬
Lr and Lm are separately resistance, self-instance and
mutual instance of the rotor winding, Lm ‫ޔ‬ψ sq ‫ ޔ‬ψ rd ‫ޔ‬
ψ rq are d and q components of flux for the stator winding,
ψ rq ‫ ޔ‬usq ǃ urd ‫ ޔ‬urq ‫ ޔ‬isd ‫ ޔ‬isq ‫ ޔ‬ird ‫ ޔ‬irq are instant of
voltage and current for the stator and rotor windings. J is the
moment of intertia, Te and TL are electromagnetic torque
and load torque, n p is the pole pairs of the generator, p is ,
w1 is the electrical angular frequency of the stator winding,
winding and the rotor mechanical angular speed.
B. The Mathematical of the Photovoltaic Array
The output power of the photovoltaic array is associated
closely with the environmental factors, such as sunlight,
temperature and so on. The output characteristic of the
photovoltaic array is change along with different sunlight and
temperature. It is shown that the relation between electric
current and voltage according to the property of the battery[7].
I pv and V pv are the current and voltage from the
photovoltaic array, I sc is the short circuit current , I m and
Vm are the current and voltage operating on the maximum
power point, α and β are separately the temperature
coefficient of the current and voltage. β is irradiance, T and
Tref are the battery temperature and reference temperature,
Rs is the equivalant resistance.
° ¬ ¼
°C = (1 − I m I sc )e V m C2Voc
° 1
°
°C2 = (Vm Voc − 1) ln(1 − I m I sc )
°ΔI = α S (T − Tref ) + I sc ( S − 1)
¯
C. The Mathematical of the Storage Battery
As the energy storage part of the pv wind energy
complemental generation system, the accumulator plays an
important role in eliminating the capacity disturbance from
generation part and load disturbance from the user part. In
favor of the research and simulation on the whole wind-solar
equivalent model of the battery which is comprised of a
voltage source in series with a resistance by the simulink of the power point on the curve. Wind-solar hybrid generating
matlab software[8]. system uses a DC/DC converters which adjust the fan and the
load matching impedance of the photovoltaic battery array
Q Q mainly by changing the duty cycle of control signals, thus the
E = Eo − KI ∗ − KQt + BIe − ABQt output power is changed. In this paper, the basic principle of
α Q − Qt Q − Qt
the variable step disturbance maximum power tracking control
V = E + IR is: calculate battery’s average charging power P1 in a cycle by
detecting the battery charging voltage and current when the
Where, E is open circuit voltage. E is the constant whole power system is in the steady-state operation, the
voltage values of the voltage source, V and I are the control signal duty cycle is d1. At this time a small disturbance
d which inevitably leads the output power change is added to
terminal voltage and current of the battery, Qt is referred to control volume. Current battery average power P2 is detected
∗ to compare with pre-disturbance power P1. If P2>P1, the
electric quantity as charged or discharged, I is current
through low-pass filter, K is polarization constant. When the direction of the imposed disturbance is indicated to be right,
battery is being charged, α equals to 0.1, otherwise 1. B is
otherwise, the disturbance direction is opposite. The next
disturbance is provided according to the direction of the
point to the capacity factor. disturbance, and the determine perturbation step size is
determined according to power change slope. The step length
is gradually decreased when the maximum power point is
IV. THE CONTROL STRATEGY OF MPPT AND nearby to avoid that the whole search process appears big
SIMULATION ANALYSIS oscillations. Search repeatedly until the maximum power point
of battery is found. Compared with the traditional disturbance
A. The Control Strategy Of MPPT observation, the improved variable step maximum power point
The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control can tracking method can avoid moving the operating point when
adjust the working point of the controlled object, to make it light intensity occurs rapid changes, thus the misjudgment of
always keep running at the near maximum power point. Now the system and disturbance loss are reduced.
according to the output characteristics of wind turbines, here
are the main methods which are used to realize MPPT control:
tip speed ratio control, power signal control, searching for
maximum power perturbation control. Here are the main
methods for solar MPPT control: the maximum power point
observation perturbation method, constant voltage control
method, admittance incremental method[3]. Combing with
fans and solar cell working characteristic, the paper uniformly
use the variable step length disturbance maximum power point
tracking control method to calculate the total output power of
fans and solar. Compared to the perturbation observation
method of traditional MPPT control, the variable step
disturbance maximum power searching control method
determine the direction of perturbation by comparing a grid
cycle average power, thus the error rate of judgment is reduced
in a certain extent.
The paper adopts hysteresis comparison method in scene
complementary system to achieve the MPPT control and find
Figure 1. The MPPT control strategy block diagram of the wind-solar
the maximum battery charging power. In the early time of hybrid generating system
charging battery, large current charging is used [9]. When the
charging current is smaller than the maximum charging When the wind speed is less than starting speed, the
current, the maximum power point tracking control is started. maximum power point which is obtained from the whole
Charging electric current and voltage are detected at this time MPPT control can be regarded as a maximum power operation
to obtain the corresponding charging power. Once the detected point of solar panel. When the light is insufficient, the output
charging power provided by the whole power system is larger solar energy is very small, and the obtained maximum power
than the maximum charging power allowed by the battery, point can be regarded as a maximum power point of wind
circuit is uninstalled to ensure that the battery is not damaged. power. When two power supplies provide electricity at the
Known from the characteristics of the fan, power speed same time, the whole MPPT control is tracking not their
curves under a particular wind speed are convex curves. The maximum power points, but the total maximum output power
location of corresponding best tip speed ratio is the fan’s provided by these two complementary generation sides.
maximum output power point, and every fan can find its best
power load curve. According to the relationship of solar
battery output power and working voltage, the method of
increasing perturbation can also be used to find the maximum

775
B. Simulation Results and Analysis of Wind-solar Hybrid
Generating System
The MPPT control model of wind-solar hybrid generating
system is set up with MATLAB/SIMULINK, of which the
main simulation algorithm is ode45. The variable step is
selected at 0.001. Here are the parameters of the simulation
model: the rated wind speed of wind turbine is 8m/s, stator
resistance R s =3.64 Ω , stator leakage inductance
Ls =0.317 H , rotor mutual inductance Lm =0.32 H , rotor
self-inductance Lr =0.295 H , rotor resistance Rr =4.5 Ω ,
J =0.2 kg • m 2 , the provided voltage of DC side is 550V, the
rated voltage of the grid is 380V, the motor rated power is
1.5kw, the temperature is 25°, the light intensity is 1Kw/M2,
the rated power of solar cells is 500W, the voltage of
equivalent battery is 24V, 600Ah, the maximum charge current
of battery is set at C/20, C/100.
 Constant-frequency Wind Power Generator[J]. Proceedings of the
Figure 2. The variation curve about the duty ratio of the DC/DC converter
The duty cycle curve of DC/DC converter in Fig2. shows
that, the response speed of the duty cycle changes is relatively
fast throughout the MPPT control process. The charging
current of battery is changing along with the automatic
adjustment of duty cycle. Fig 3 shows the charging current
curve of battery, which correspondingly reacts the total power
tends of the battery charging. Eventually the optimal duty
cycle and the maximum charge current are found. When the
charging current is close to the maximum, not only the
maximum charging power of the entire system is searched, but
also the current fluctuations is relatively small. In this way the
impact on the battery is reduced, and the working life of the
battery is extended.

Figure 3. The variation curve of the battery changing current
776
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The paper uses the variable step maximum power point
tracking method within the MPPT control algorithm, which is
used to search the total maximum power throughout the
wind-solar hybrid generating system charging the battery. And
the entire wind-solar hybrid generating system model is set up
on the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform. The
simulation results validate that not only the control method can
make full use of wind and solar energy resources, but also the
output current of the whole system is more stable, the volatility
is relatively small, and the impact on the battery is reduced.
This control method can provide a reference for the wind-solar
hybrid generating system to achieve grid.
REFERENCES
[1] Qi Zhi-yuan, Wang Sheng-tie, Tian Gui-zhen. Coordination
Control of Wind/Pv Hybrid System[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,
2010,31(5):654-660.
[2] Xu Peng-wei, Liu Fei, Liu Bang-yin, Duan Shan-xu.
Analysis,Comparison and Improvement of Several MPPT Methods for
PV system[J]. Power Electronics, 2007,41(5):3-5.
[3] Wang Feng-shou, Shen Chuan-wen, Meng Yong-qing. Simulating
Study of Wind Power System Using the PMSG Based on the MPPT
Method[J].Electric Drive, 2007,37(1):6-10.
[4] Wang Qunjing, Wang Tao, Li Guoli. ‫ ޝ‬Research on MPPT for
Small-scale Hybrid Photovoltaic-wind System ‫[ ޞ‬J].Electric Drive.
2009,39(5):40-43.
[5] Ye Hang-ye. Control Technology of Wind Power Generation
System[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press,2002.
[6] Liu Qi-hui, He Yi-kang, Zhang Jian-hua. Operation Control and
Modeling-Simulation of AC-excited Variable-speed
CSEE, 2006,26(5):43-50.
[7] Li Jing, Dou Wei, Xu Zhengguo,et.al. Research on MPPT methods of
photovoltaic power generation system[J]. Acta Energiac Solaris Sinica,
2007,28(3)㧦268-273.
[8] Tremblay O㧘Dessaint L-A㧘Dekkiche A-I.A generic battery model
for the dynamic simulation of hybrid electric vehicles[C].//Vehicle
Power and Propulsion Conference.2007㧦284-289.
[9] Karlis A D, Kottas T L, Boutalis A. Novel maximum power point
tracking method for PV system using fuzzy cognitive networks[J].
Electric Power Systems Research,2007,77(3-4)㧦315-327.