I ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER·

Manila: 4th FIr, Anadeta Bidg. 891 Galicia St. cor:Espana AVe. Sampaloc Mli!nila (leI. 742-5fS..OO)
'Cebu: 4TH FIr. Vlllacam~a-Capuras Bldg., Sanciangco St. Cabu City (Tel # 254-33-84)

MACHiNE ELEMENTS

RqlUng Cylinders

1. Cylinders Rolling in opposite direction:

~ . Tangential speed
Vi "" Va :::: 11: 01 Nt :::: 1t Dz N2

'";& "Relatioflof diameter and speed

01 N1 :: D:.! N2

, $peedRatlo:::' SpeedofDIi?l~r
. eM) SpeedoftbeDnven

" CenierDistance '" R1 + Rz = o!+ °2

2

;& Tangential speed ..

V1 ::: V:;: := 11: 01 Nl := 11: D:iNz

(;; Relation of diameter and speed

D1 N1 :::: DzN2

". Spee d R81.0=

..,., t' Speed .of Driver
Speed .of the Driven

G Center Distance :::: R; _ R2 "" 0 1 - D2

2

STRESSES
DEFINITIONS:
.Force 1'-1':;: ?
1. Stress (S):::: - - . .., In , kgfcm-, KN/m
:;:

. Area
Stress::: a total resistance that a material .offers to an applied load.
 2. Ultimate stress (Su) - is the s~ess tMt would cause failure
, ,

3. Yieldstress(Sy) - maximum stress without causing deformation

4. Allowable stress(Sall) ::: Ultimate stress/Factor of SafetY

Types 'of. Stresses

A. Tensile Stress CSt) S, Compressive Stress(Sc)

Fe ,
A
D .

. :;,>-" '.
, , F
- \..

JI' .

t~'",
t
o
A ::: n D ~ (fof'punching a hole)

D. Bearing Stress(Sb) flo

where: A::: DL

E. Factor of ~fety(FS)
D

S
A Based on yield strength: FS:::: - Y B. Based on ultimate strength:
San
where:
Sail ::: allowable stress S...::: ultimate stress Sy ::: yield stress
 F. Torsional Shear stress(Ss)

s.. : : Tc =: 16T'
J 7tD3
where: T :: torque
J.:: polar moment of inertia
1I:D4
J ::: 32 (for sofid shaft)
c :: r (for circular cross section)
d :: diameter:

G. Bending Stress(St)
F
St:: Me
.' ~

For rectangular beam:

t
l..
St:: aM
bh 2
"lhere:
M :::: moment
c :: distance of farthest fiber from neutral axis
:: moment of inertia aboutthe neutral axis
f ;;;; bh3112 (for rectangular cross section)
M
4 == sectio~ modulus of rectangular shaft : :.:
c
,. T nd 3
Z :: section modulus of circular shaft ::: - =-16-
*.
. S
~Of~~ @ ~fAvK}
Strain and Elongation

A. Strain :::: y
l
S. Stress:::: F
A

Stress FL
c. Modulus of elasticity, E :: - - -
Strain AY
D. Y:: FL F
AE
where: Y:: elongation due to applied load
L :::: original length
For steel: E = 30 X 106 psi
F :: force A= area S = stress DtN,"'- nNz.
!it :. 0--
N"Iv OJ
D~-c.. (£0.[
 k ::: coefficient of thermal expansion, wJm-"C
h ::: final temperature, °C 1/ /' \ _I",
, '-' ~ lIISX C ~I
Relation between shearing and tensile stress based on theory of failure:
~1tth~::. ~~td~~~
Stmax :: ~ 8m-::: ~ ~ .rk~ ~ ~ lei ot 61rCSS/~
Variable Stress _1_ '" 8 m + Sa
FS Sy. Sn
where:
FS :: factor of safety Sy. ::.: yield point So ::: endurance limit
Sm ::: mean stress ::: Smax +SmltL
2
t:;, Smax -Smin
vo ::: variable component stress::: --"-"~-
2
Smax ::: maximum stress Smin ::: minimum stress /

" Poisson's Ratio(u) ::: is the ratio of lateral unit deformation to axial unit deformation. r ~l~eJ ~
u• 2~ -1 fll. Psteel ill> :!~!ii~~ - I " 0:;;J4(; ~ o.;/G !t>~
where: G::; shear modulus of elasticity E ::: modulus of elasticity

~ pa)~:C l{~oY r~~eJ ~ D.'~r h> o.e_

ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
Manila: 41i> Fir. Anacleta Bldg. 891 Galicia St. cor. Espana Ave. Sampaloc Manila (Tel. 742-56-00)
Cebu: 4TH Fir. Villacampa-Capuras Bldg., Sanciangco Sf. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84)

Machine Design Problems - DAY 1

MACHINE ELEMENTS
1. PROBLEM (ME Bd. Apr. 91) Two parallel shafts connected by pure rolling tum in the
same direction having a speed ratio of 2.75. What is the distance of the shafts if the smaller
cylinder is 22 em in diameter?
2. Two cylinders rolling in opposite direction has a speed ratio of 3 .. If center distance is 40
in, find the diameter of smaller cylinder.
, ',' l~ (cln -= ',G, s X )6~ ~I.
.•. , ( &t>';f) ( ::zq-~'t
J:; (J. CXkf; ~ ",'jOr xld

, , ~ ~Slf1b \w J -;::\Q ~2.4f~

Pr ~ O. 'db 'VI ~
~_ ¥lOY)- tL
O=j;f

l. Q l.\ I (g t ~ 38 ~ . ~ Q U~Iin1-

t}. &\ ~ -l= :: - <rnYD

: :- :70,00 ~
A O.~( , v

S
8· [-;:-

~ W,n\)
Z"::::. -;;. -~"""<4--
e cR~,Gi!S',3~·(D2

z::: g .) QS X }O-4-

\
 STRESSES

1. PR08U~,M (!\ill! ed.Apr. 96) A steel tie rod on bridge must be made withstiilnd a pull of
5000 Ibs.'Findthe diameter of the rod assuming a factor of safety of 5 andWtimate stress of
64,000 psi. ' " - -
2. PR06L.EM(ME Bd. Oct, 97) Determine the minimum mean!diameter ()f a taper pin for,
a
use to fix leverto a shaft. if itis transmit a maximum torque of 700 in-los, The shaft
'diameter is 2 inches and the material allowable stresses is 15,000 psi. Use factor of safety'"
of 2. . , "
,3. PROBLEM (ME Bd. Ocl 95) A :2.5 in diameter by 2 in 16ng journal t-earing is to carry a
5500-lb load at 3600 rpmusing,SAE 40 ~ube oil at 200°F through a sing1-e tlole at 25 psi.
Compute the bearing pressure. . . " '
.;4. PROBLEM (ME Bd. Apr.S,?] How many 5/16 inch holes can be puncb.in one motion in
, a steel plate made of SAl; 10,19 steel, 7/16 inch thick using a force of 55 tons. The ultimate
strength for shear is 50ksiand use 2 factor of safety.
5. PROBLEM {Oct. 2000) compute for the polar " w'modulus of a SAE 1060 shafting having a
:, diameter of 3 inches. Use a factor Of safety '" an design stress at 800 psi. "
6. PROBLEM (ME Bd. Apr. 97) The shaft whose torque varies from.~QOOJo 6000 in-I~s
has 1 1/2 inches in diameter and 60,000 psi yield strength. Compute for the shaft mean
average stress. .
7. In a 2.0 m cantilevered I~beam;a 2 Mton weight is applied at free end. If the allowabl~
stress in beam is 110 Mpa, determine the section modulus.

STRESS AND STRAIN and Poisons Ratio.

1. (ME ad. Oct. 2000) Compute for the load in KN on a 3 em diameter. 100 em long steel
rod if its maximum elongation exceed 0.12 em.
2. (ME Bd. Oct. 2000) Compute the induced/compressive stress, inkpa, of a steel solid
shafting of 50 mm diameter and 800 mm in length that is subjected to an increase of
temperature by BO°C.
3. (ME Bd. Ocl 2003) What is the decrease in latera! dimension due to an axial tensile
force of 50,000 Ibs in a bar 3 inch on each side and 6 feet long? The material is steel (E =
3.0 x 107 psi, tJ ::: 0.3).

SITUATIONAL PROBLEM (Oct 2003)

An 8 inches long bar is elongate to 8.0065 inches for an applied load of 5000 Ibs in which its
cross-sectional area is 0.25 in2. . . .
1. Find the modulus of elasticity, psi.
. A. 22.62 X 106 psi B. 24.62 x 106 psi C. 26.62 x 106 psi D. 28.82 x 106 psi
2. Find the tensiie stress. psi. \
A 20,000 psi B. 15,000 psi C. 20,000 psi D. 25,000 psi ~
3. Find the strain. A. 6.309 x 10-4 B. 8.12 X 10-4 C. 10.27 X 10-4 D. 12.09 X 10-4
4. Find the stress for a load of 5000 kg, kg/em 2.
A 2800 B. 2900 C. 3000 D. 3100 \
5. Find the stress if the bar is heated at a temperature change of 80°F, psi. i

A 15,08.45 B. 10,083.90 C. 5,088.40 D. 12,802.40

 ALCORC;ON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
4th Fir. Anacleta Bldg. 891 Galicia St. cor. Espana Ave. Sampaloc Manila
Tel # 742·56-00

STRESSES & MACHINE ELEMENTS

PROBLEM SET # 1
INSTRUCTION: Enchrcle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1. Two cylinders r oIling in the opposite direction has a speed ratio of 3. If the diameter of driver is 10 inches,
find the center distance between cylinders.
. A. 15 in B. 10 in C. 25 in W20 in
2. Two cylinden; rolling in the same direction has speeMio of 2.5 and center distance of 50 cm. Find the
diameter of t' ne larger cylinder. F\
A. 56.~ oM in B. 263.45 in C. 166.67 in \Q)66.67 in .
3. Four cylind r ars rolling in opposite directions has a speed ratio of A:B:C:D =5:3:1:4. If center distance
betw~n C' flinder A and C is 70 inches, find the diameter of cylinder D.
. A. 1/8.75 in B. 26.34 in C. 12.45 in D. 16.37 in
4.A pu y ~ /las a tange~1 velocity of 75 fpm. If pulley diameter is 10 inches, find the speed of the speed.
A. '24.34 rpm @ 28.65 rpm C. 34.22 rpm D. 32.34 rpm
5. S,haft A with 12 inches diameter pulley running at 250 rpm is connected to shaft B by means of 26 inches
dlamet! er pulley. Another pulley on shaft B 16 inches diameter is connected to 10 inches diameter pulley on
sha~. Find the speed of shaftC.
rt2 184.61 rpm B. 284.56 rpm C. 173.45 rpm D. 197.44 rpm
6. A ste .el tie rod on brldg$ must be withstand a pull of 6200 Ibs. Find the diameter of the rod assuming a factor
of St Jfety of 4 and ultimate stress of ~oo psi. .
A. 0.234 in B. 0.534 in C: 0.691 in D. 0.734 in
7. If 11 ,1e ultimate shear strength of steel p ate is 45,000 psi, what force is necessary to punch a 0.9 in diameter
he II~'0.5 in thick plate using a faCtor of safety of 3.5,
A. 3,6171bs B. 61,5671bs C; 65,3781bs D. 69,3451bs .
8. l' \ 2. n diameter by 1.8 in long journal bearing is to carry 5000 Ib load at 320 rpm using SAE 40 lube oil at
. : .WO°F through a single hole at 30 psi. Compute the bearing pressure.

~
. 1111.11 psi B.142.23 psi C. 123.34 psi D. 197.34 psi .
9 '. A jo I bearing has 8 em diameter and length to diameter ratio of 3. Find the projected area in mm2.
A. 9,200 B. 20,009 C. 18,058 D. 17,017
, 1.0. A e steel has a length of 100 m and stretch to 5 cm when the load is applied at both ends. If tensile
. str~'s 50 psi, find the modulus of elasticity of the steel.
A. 100,000 psi B. 120,000 psi C. 110,000 psi D. 130,000 psi
11. A whose torque varies from 2200 to 6400 in-lb. It has a diameter of 1.25 inches and yield stress of
63,000 psi. Find the variable component stress. .
A. 6524.45 psi B. 4245.56 psi C. 5475.95 psi D. 7834.56 psi
12. How many 112 inch diameter hole that can be punch in one motion of a 1/8 inch thick plate using a force of'
50 tons. The ultimruear stress is 52 ksi and factor of safety of 3. .
A. 7 B. C. 8 D. 10
13. Determine the mini diameter of a taper pin for use to fix a lever to a shaft, if it is to transmit a maximum
to~of 750 in·lb. The shaft diameter is 1.5 inches and has a stress of 20,000 psi.
A. .252 in B. 0.452 in C. 0.642 in D. 0.826 in
14. t; m stud bolts is used to fastened on a 250 mm diameter cylinder head of diesel engine. If there are
1O~lts, determine the pressure inside the cylinder if bolt stress is 50 Mpa.
A. 88.8 KPa B. 2888 KPa C. 3426 KPa D. 4828 Kpa .
15. A c mn supports a compressive load of 250 KN. Determine the outside diameter of column if inside
diameter is 185 m~ compressive stress of 50 Mpa.
A. 200.62 m B. 201.47 mm C.216.42 mm D. 208.41 mm
16. A steel hollow tube used to carry a tensile load of 500 KN at a stress of 140 Mpa. If outside diameter is
10 times the tube thickness of the tube. (j)