THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

NOVEMBER 2014

MATH2019
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2E

(1) TIME ALLOWED – 2 hours

(2) TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS – 4

(3) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

(4) THE QUESTIONS ARE OF EQUAL VALUE

(5) ANSWER EACH QUESTION IN A SEPARATE BOOK

(6) THIS PAPER MAY BE RETAINED BY THE CANDIDATE

(7) ONLY CALCULATORS WITH AN AFFIXED “UNSW APPROVED” STICKER

MAY BE USED

All answers must be written in ink. Except where they are expressly required pencils
may only be used for drawing, sketching or graphical work.
NOVEMBER 2014 MATH2019 Page 2

TABLE OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS AND THEOREMS

g(t) is a function defined for all t ≥ 0, and whose Laplace transform
Z ∞
G(s) = L(g(t)) = e−st g(t)dt
0

exists. The Heaviside step function u is defined to be


0
 for t < a
1
u(t − a) = 2 for t = a

1 for t > a


g(t) G(s) = L[g(t)]

1
1
s
1
t
s2
ν!
tν , ν > −1
sν+1
1
e−αt
s+α
ω
sin ωt
s2 + ω2
s
cos ωt
s2 + ω2

e−as
u(t − a)
s

f 0 (t) sF (s) − f (0)

f 00 (t) s2 F (s) − sf (0) − f 0 (0)

e−αt f (t) F (s + α)

f (t − a)u(t − a) e−as F (s)

tf (t) −F 0 (s)

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2014 MATH2019 Page 3

FOURIER SERIES

If f (x) has period p = 2L, then

∞ 
X  nπ   nπ 
f (x) = a0 + an cos x + bn sin x
n=1
L L

where
Z L
1
a0 = f (x)dx
2L −L
1 L
Z  nπ 
an = f (x) cos x dx
L −L L
1 L
Z  nπ 
bn = f (x) sin x dx
L −L L

LEIBNIZ’ THEOREM

Z v Z v
d ∂f dv du
f (x, t)dt = dt + f (x, v) − f (x, u)
dx u u ∂x dx dx

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2014 MATH2019 Page 4

SOME BASIC INTEGRALS

xn+1
Z
n
x dx = + C for n 6= −1
n+1
Z
1
dx = ln |x| + C
x
ekx
Z
ekx dx = +C
k
Z
1 x
ax dx = a + C for a 6= 1
ln a
Z
cos kx
sin kx dx = − +C
k
Z
sin kx
cos kx dx = +C
k
Z
tan kx
sec2 kx dx = +C
k
Z
1
cosec2 kx dx = − cot kx + C
k
ln | sec kx|
Z
tan kx dx = +C
k
Z
1
sec kx dx = (ln | sec kx + tan kx|) + C
k
Z
1 1 −1 x
 
dx = tan +C
a2 + x 2 a a
Z
1 x
√ dx = sin−1 +C
a2 − x 2 a
Z
1 −1 x
 
√ dx = sinh +C
x 2 + a2 a
Z
1 x
√ dx = cosh−1 +C
x 2 − a2 a
Z π Z π
2
n n−1 2
sin x dx = sinn−2 x dx
0 n 0
Z π Z π
2 n−1 2
cosn x dx = cosn−2 x dx
0 n 0

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2014 MATH2019 Page 5

Answer question 1 in a separate book

1. a) The pressure P of a gas in a reactor is given by

P = rρT,

where ρ is the density, T is the temperature, and r is a constant. If the

pressure in the reactor decreases by 5% and the temperature increases
by 7%, what is the percentage change in the density of the gas inside the
reactor? [Note that you do not need to know the value of r.]
b) Find and classify the critical points of

f (x, y) = 2x3 − 15x2 + 36x + y 2 + 4y − 16.

Also give the function value at the critical points.

c) Suppose the atmospheric pressure P in a certain region of space is given
by
P (x, y, z) = ez (x3 + y).
i) Calculate grad(P ) at the point (1, −2, 0).
ii) Find the rate of change of pressure with respect to distance at the
point (1, −2, 0) in the direction b = 2i + j + 2k.
d) Let  
2 3
A= .
3 2
i) Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A.
ii) By considering the eigenvalues of A, write the curve

2x2 + 6xy + 2y 2 = 45

in terms of principle axes coordinates X and Y . Sketch the curve in

the X-Y plane.
iii) Find the closest distance from the curve 2x2 + 6xy + 2y 2 = 45 to the
origin.

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2014 MATH2019 Page 6

Answer question 2 in a separate book

2. a) Given the vector field F = sin x i + cos x j + xyz k calculate:

i) div F.
ii) curl F.
b) Consider the double integral
√
Z √1 Z 1−x2
2
3x dy dx.
0 x

i) Sketch the region of integration.

ii) Evaluate the double integral by first converting to polar coordinates.
c) Use the method of undetermined coefficients to solve the second order
differential equation
y 00 + 2y 0 + 5y = −25x2 .
d) Use Leibniz’ theorem to find
Z ∞
xe−bx sin x dx
0

given that Z ∞
1
e−bx sin x dx = .
0 1 + b2

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2014 MATH2019 Page 7

Answer question 3 in a separate book

3. a) Let C denote the path taken by a particle travelling in a straight line from
point P (-2, 3, 0) to point Q (-2, 0, 3).
i) Write down a vector function r(t) that describes the path C and give
the value of t at the start and the end of the path.
ii) If F = y 2 i + xyz j − z 2 k evaluate the line integral
Z
F · dr.
C

b) Find:
i) L (et cos πt + et sin πt).
 
−1 6
ii) L .
s2 − 4s + 8
c) Use the Laplace transform method to solve the initial value problem

y 00 − y 0 = 4u(t − 2) with y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 1,

where u(t − 2) is a Heaviside step function.

d) The function f (x) is given by

1 − x for 0 ≤ x < 1,
f (x) =
0 for 1 ≤ x < 2.

with f (x + 2) = f (x).
i) What is the period of f (x)?
ii) Sketch the function f (x) for −4 ≤ x < −4.
iii) To what value does the Fourier series of f converge at x = 2? [Note
that you are not being asked to evaluate the Fourier series.]
e) Use the method of Lagrange multipliers to find the maximum value of
the function f (x, y) = xy on the curve x2 + y 2 = 1.

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2014 MATH2019 Page 8

Answer question 4 in a separate book

4. a) Define the continuous function f by

 π
 x, 0≤x<
f (x) = 2
 π − x, π ≤ x < π.
2
i) Sketch the odd periodic extension of f over the interval −π ≤ x ≤ π.
ii) Calculate the Fourier sine series of f . You can assume that
b  b
sin (nx) − nx cos (nx)
Z
x sin (nx) dx = .
a n2 a

b) The temperature in a bar of length π satisfies the heat equation

∂u ∂ 2u
= 5 2,
∂t ∂x
where u(x, t) is the temperature in degrees Celsius. The ends of the bar
are held at a constant temperature of 0◦ C so that

u(0, t) = u(π, t) = 0 for all t.

i) Assuming a solution of the form u(x, t) = F (x)G(t) show that

G0 (t) F 00 (x)
= =k
5G(t) F (x)

for some constant k.

ii) You can assume that the only non-trivial solutions are given by k < 0.
Apply the boundary conditions to show that possible solutions for
F (x) are
Fn (x) = Bn sin (nx)
where Bn are constants and n = 1, 2, 3, · · ·
iii) Find all possible solutions Gn (t) for G(t).
iv) If the initial temperature distribution of the bar is

u(x, 0) = 5 sin(2x) − 3 sin(4x),

find the general solution u(x, t).

v) What is the equilibrium temperature in the bar as t → ∞?