Trigonometric Equations

I. Introduction to Trigonometric Equations:

Trigonometric equations involve one or more trigonometric functions and an unknown

variable.
The goal is to solve for the values of the variable that satisfy the equation
within a given interval.
II. Common Trigonometric Functions:

Sine Function (sin(x)):

The sine function represents the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle
to the length of the hypotenuse in a right triangle.
It has a periodicity of 2π, meaning it repeats itself every 2π units.
Cosine Function (cos(x)):

The cosine function represents the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the
length of the hypotenuse in a right triangle.
Like the sine function, it also has a periodicity of 2π.
Tangent Function (tan(x)):

The tangent function represents the ratio of the sine of an angle to its cosine.
The tangent function has a periodicity of π.
Other Trigonometric Functions:

Cosecant Function (csc(x)): reciprocal of sine (1/sin(x))

Secant Function (sec(x)): reciprocal of cosine (1/cos(x))
Cotangent Function (cot(x)): reciprocal of tangent (1/tan(x))
III. Solving Trigonometric Equations:
1. Linear Trigonometric Equations:
- These equations involve a single trigonometric function.
- To solve them, isolate the trigonometric function and apply inverse operations.
- Use trigonometric identities and properties to simplify the equation if needed.

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2. Quadratic Trigonometric Equations:
- These equations involve the square or higher powers of trigonometric
functions.
- Simplify the equation using trigonometric identities and properties.
- Apply algebraic techniques such as factoring, completing the square, or using
the quadratic formula to solve for the variable.

3. Trigonometric Equations with Multiple Functions:

- These equations involve more than one trigonometric function.
- Simplify the equation using trigonometric identities and properties.
- Apply algebraic techniques to isolate the variable, such as substitution or
manipulation of the equations.

4. General Strategies:
- Always check for restricted values where the equation may not hold true (e.g.,
division by zero).
- Use the unit circle or special triangles to find exact solutions within a
given interval.
- Verify solutions by substituting them back into the original equation.
IV. Special Trigonometric Equations:
1. Pythagorean Identities:
- sin²(x) + cos²(x) = 1
- 1 + tan²(x) = sec²(x)
- 1 + cot²(x) = csc²(x)

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2. Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities:
- sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x)
- cos(2x) = cos²(x) - sin²(x)
- tan(2x) = (2tan(x))/(1 - tan²(x))
- sin²(x/2) = (1 - cos(x))/2
- cos²(x/2) = (1 + cos(x))/2
- tan²(x/2) = (1 - cos(x))/(1 + cos(x))
V. Summary:

Trigonometric equations involve trigonometric functions and an unknown variable.

Solve trigonometric equations by isolating the variable and