Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
Division of Bataan
ST. FRANCIS NATIONAL
MAGSAYSAY NATIONALHIGH
HIGHSCHOOL
SCHOOL
Magsaysay, Dinalupihan,
LIMAY, BATAAN Bataan 2110

INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE intension of causing it” is exempt from criminal liability. (Ang
SUPPORT sinumang tao na nakadisgrasya sa isang pasyente ng di
Every medical emergency is different, of course, but sinasadya ay walang pananagutan sa insidente).
there are four basic rules that apply to all medical
emergencies. According to Article 275 Nos. 1 & 2 of Act No. 3815 of the
Philippine Revised Penal Code Book Two:
1. CALL FOR MEDICAL HELP IMMEDIATELY.
a) “Abandonment of person in danger and
An employee on the scene should call 911 while
abandonment of one’s own victim.”
another certified in first aid and CPR tends to the victim. If
Anyone who shall fail to render assistance to any
you make the call, explain the kind of injury and where the
person whom he shall in an uninhabited place
victim is located.
wounded or in danger of dying, when he can render
2. BRING HELP TO THE VICTIM, DON’T BRING THE such assistance without detriment to himself, unless
VICTIM TO HELP. such omission shall constitute a more serious
In other words, victims should not be moved offense
unless they are in imminent danger where they are. (Pag-iwan ng tao na nasa panganib at pag-iwan ng
sariling biktima.
3. CHECK THE ABC’S.
Mas mabigat ang magiging kaparusahan sa taong
“A” stands for airway.
hindi magbibigan ng tulong sa isang taong
“B” stands for breathing. And
nasugatan o nasa panganib na mamamatay, kapag
“C” stands for circulation.
siya ay maaaring magbigay ng ganoong tulong o
That means check to make sure the throat is
may kakayahang tulungan ang taong nasa
clear, the victim is breathing, and the victim has a pulse.
panaganib o nasugatan.)
A first-aid certified employee may be called upon
b) Anyone who shall fail to help or render assistance to
to perform rescue breathing or CPR to keep the victim alive
another who he has accidentally wounded or injured.
until EMS (emergency medical services) personnel arrive.
(Sinumang hindi magbibigyan ng tulong o magbigay
4. DO NO FURTHER HARM. ng tulong sa iba pa na hindi sinasadyang nasugatan
Be careful not to cause additional injuries in your ay maaaring panagutin sa batas.)
attempt to help a victim.
HEALTH HAZARDS AND RISKS
QUIZ #1 (1/4 SHEET OF PAPER, COPY AND ANSWER) COMMON TRANSMITTABLE DISEASES
Identify whether the statement is True or False
_____1) After an accident, immediately move the herpes
victim to a comfortable position. meningitis
_____2) If a person is bleeding, use a tourniquet.
tuberculosis
_____3) Signs of a heart attack include shortness of
breath, anxiety, and perspiration. Hepatitis
_____4) All burns can be treated with first aid alone; Human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune
no emergency medical attention is necessary. deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
DISEASE TRANSMISSION
FIRST AID (Infectious diseases are those that can spread from one person
It is an immediate help provided to a sick or injured to another through the following ways: )
person until professional medical help arrives or becomes Direct contact
available.
Scope and limitations of First Aid Indirect contact
First aid does not imply medical treatment and is by Airborne transmission
no means a replacement for it. bites
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID PREVENTION AND PROTECTION
First aid aims to accomplish the following goals  UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS are a set of strategies
1. Preserve life developed to prevent transmission of blood borne
2. Prevent further harm and complications pathogens.
3. Seek immediate medical help  BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION (BSI) are
4. Provide reassurance precautions taken to isolate or prevent risk of
exposure from body secretions and any other type of
QUIZ #2 (1/2 SHEET OF PAPER, COPY AND ANSWER) body substance such as urine, vomit, feces, sweat or
Essay (Minimum of 3 sentences) sputum.
1. Why does First Aid is important in our daily life?  PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) is
specialized clothing, equipment and supplies that
LEGAL CONCERNS keep you from directly contacting infected materials.
1. Consent EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
2. Duty to act 1. Scene safety
3. Standard of care 2. Knowing what happened cause of injury nature of
4. Negligence illness
5. Abandonment 3. Role of bystanders
6. Confidentiality 4. Number of casualties
5. Asking permission
According to Article 12 no. 4 of Act No. 3815 of the Revise
Penal Code Book One: TO OBTAIN CONSENT, DO THE FOLLOWING
“Any person who, while performing a lawful act with 1. Identify yourself to the victim
due care, causes an injury by mere accident without fault or 2. State of your level of training
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Bataan
ST. FRANCIS NATIONAL
MAGSAYSAY NATIONALHIGH
HIGHSCHOOL
SCHOOL
Magsaysay, Dinalupihan,
LIMAY, BATAAN Bataan 2110

3. Ask the victim whether you may help IV. BREATHING

4. Explain what you observe While maintaining an open airway, quickly check an
5. Explain what you plan to do unconscious person for breathing by doing the Look, Listen
and Feel technique for more than 10 seconds.
PRIMARY ASSESSMENT
V. CIRCULATION
I. ASSESSING RESPONSIVENESS
Pulse – check the definitive pulse at carotid area for
A patient’s response level can be summarized in the
adult or child, while brachial for infant (Applicable for
APVU mnemonic as follows:
Professional Rescuers and Healthcare Providers).
A – Alert
V – Responsive to voice
 BLEEDING – quickly look for severe bleeding by
P – Responsive to pain
U – Unresponsive/unconscious looking over the person’s body from head to toe for
signals such as blood-soaked clothing or blood
spurting out of wound.
Primary assessment can be done with the patient in
1. Stop the flow of the blood
the position in which you find him or her, and begins with
2. Wear gloves
checking the patient’s responsiveness.
3. Cover the wound
II. ACTIVATE MEDICAL HELP 4. If the body part is amputated, pun an ice
Ask someone to call for local emergency number and get
an Automated External Defibrillator (AED).  SHOCK – if left untreated, shock can lead to death.
Always look for the signals of shock whenever you
CALL FIRST OR CARE FIRST are giving care
if you are ALONE, it is important to know when to 1. Lay the victim down
call during emergencies. 2. Cover
Call First Situations are likely to be cardiac emergencies, 3. Raise feet
where time is a critical factor.
In Care First Situations, the conditions are often are related  SKIN COLOR, TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE
to breathing emergencies. Assessment of skin temperature, color and condition
can tell you more about the patients’ circulatory
QUIZ #3 (1/2 SHEET OF PAPER, COPY AND ANSWER) system.
Essay (Minimum of 2 sentences)
1. Differentiate CALL FIRST to CARE FIRST? SECONDARY ASSESSMENT
2. Give examples of situation that needs CALL FIRST. If you determine that an injured or ill person is not an
(at least 2) immediately life threatening condition, you can begin to
3. Give examples of situation that needs CARE FIRST. check for other conditions that may need care. (kapag di
(at least 2) gaanong dilikado ang pasyente)
INFORMATION TO BE REMEMBERED IN ACTIVATING 1. Interviewing the person and bystanders/witnesses
MEDICAL HELP: 2. Checking the person from head to toe
1. What happened? 3. Checking for vital signs
2. Location of emergency?
3. Numbered of persons injured or ill? CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
4. Cause and extent of injury and nature of illness and CARDIAC EMERGENCIES
first aid given?
5. Telephone number from where call is made? IN HOSPITAL CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
6. Name of person who called medical help (person 1. Surveillance and prevention
must be identify him/herself and hang up the phone 2. Recognition and activation of the emergency
last). response system
3. Immediate high-quality CPR
III. AIRWAY 4. Rapid defibrillation
An open airway allows air to enter the lungs for the 5. Advance life support and post arrest care
person to breathe. If the airway is blocked, the person
cannot breathe. HEART ATTACK
Also called MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION it occurs
 CHOKING when blood any oxygen supply to the heart is reduced
1. Ask the person to speak or cough causing damage to the heart muscle and preventing blood
2. Deliver 5 back blows from circulating effectively. It is usually caused by coronary
3. Perform abdominal thrusts heart disease.
4. Repeat sequence of back blows and abdominal The term “ANGINA PECTORIS” means literally “a
thrusts constriction of the chest”. Angina occurs when coronary
arteries, which supply the heart muscle with blood, become
narrowed and cannot carry sufficient blood to meet
 IF ABDOMINAL THRUSTS DON’T WORK
increased during exertion or excitement.
1. Call 911
2. Finger sweep
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
3. Abdominal thrusts
WHAT TO LOOK FOR:
4. Check ABCs
1. Chest pain, discomfort or pressure
5. Perform CPR if not breathing
2. Pain maybe associated from discomfort to
unbearable crushing sensation in the chest.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Bataan
ST. FRANCIS NATIONAL
MAGSAYSAY NATIONALHIGH
HIGHSCHOOL
SCHOOL
Magsaysay, Dinalupihan,
LIMAY, BATAAN Bataan 2110

3. Person may be describe it as a pressure, squeezing, GIVE THE 6 LEGAL CONCERNS

tightness, aching or heaviness in the chest. 1. _____________________
4. Some signals may not show signals at all 2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
WHAT TO DO: 5. _____________________
1. Have patient stop what he or she is doing and sit or 6. _____________________
lie him/her down in comfortable position. Do not let
him/her to move around. GIVE THE 5 COMMON TRANSMITTABLE DISEASES
2. Have someone call the physician or ambulance for 1. _____________________
help. 2. _____________________
3. If patient is under medical care, assist her/him in 3. _____________________
taking his/her prescribed medicines. 4. _____________________
5. _____________________
CARDIAC ARREST GIVE THE 4 COMMON TRANSMISSIONS OF DISEASES
It occurs when the heart stops contracting and no 1. _____________________
blood circulates through the blood vessels and vital organs 2. _____________________
are deprived of oxygen. 3. _____________________
4. _____________________
CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
A combination of chest compression and rescue _____________________ ARE A SET OF STRATEGIES
breathing. DEVELOPED TO PREVENT TRANSMISSION OF BLOOD BORNE
PATHOGENS.
_____________________ ARE PRECAUTIONS TAKEN TO
ISOLATE OR PREVENT RISK OF EXPOSURE FROM BODY
CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING CARDIO PULMONARY SECRETIONS AND ANY OTHER TYPE OF BODY SUBSTANCE
RESUSCITATION (CPR) SUCH AS URINE, VOMIT, FECES, SWEAT OR SPUTUM.
All patients experiencing cardiac arrest receive resuscitation _____________________ IS SPECIALIZED CLOTHING,
unless: EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES THAT KEEP YOU FROM
DIRECTLY CONTACTING INFECTED MATERIALS.
1. The person has a valid Do Not Attempt
Resuscitation order GIVE THE 5 EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
1. _____________________
2. The patient has signs of irreversible death: rigor
2. _____________________
mortis, decapitation or dependent lividity. 3. _____________________
4. _____________________
CHEST COMPRESSION ONLY (HANDS ONLY) CPR IS 5. _____________________
THE RECOMMENDED ONLY IN THE FOLLOWING GIVE THE PROCESS HOW TO OBTAIN CONSENT
CIRCUMSTANCES 1. _____________________
1. When the person is unwillingly or unable to perform 2. _____________________
mouth-to-mouth or rescue breathing. 3. _____________________
2. For use in dispatcher-assisted CPR instructions 4. _____________________
5. _____________________
where the simplicity of this modified technique allow
GIVE THE 5 PRIMARY ASSESSMENT
untrained bystanders to rapidly intervene. 1. _____________________
2. _____________________
 ELECTRICAL SHOCK 3. _____________________
1. Don’t touch! 4. _____________________
2. Turn power off 5. _____________________
3. Call 911 _____________________ CAN BE DONE WITH THE PATIENT IN
4. Remove person from live wire THE POSITION IN WHICH YOU FIND HIM OR HER, AND BEGINS
5. Check for breathing WITH CHECKING THE PATIENT’S RESPONSIVENESS.
_____________________ ALLOWS AIR TO ENTER THE LUNGS
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER
FOR THE PERSON TO BREATHE. IF THE AIRWAY IS
1. Medical emergencies can happen anytime. BLOCKED, THE PERSON CANNOT BREATHE.
2. Act quickly, calmly, and correctly.
3. Consider being certified in first aid and CPR. _____________________ ALSO CALLED MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION IT OCCURS WHEN BLOOD ANY OXYGEN
SUPPLY TO THE HEART IS REDUCED CAUSING DAMAGE TO
CHAPTER TEST (1 WHOLE SHEET OF PAPER, COPY AND ANSWER)
THE HEART MUSCLE AND PREVENTING BLOOD FROM
WHAT ARE THE FOUR BASIC RULES THAT APPLY TO ALL
CIRCULATING EFFECTIVELY. IT IS USUALLY CAUSED BY
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES.
CORONARY HEART DISEASE.
1. _____________________
2. _____________________ THE TERM _____________________ MEANS LITERALLY “A
3. _____________________ CONSTRICTION OF THE CHEST”. ANGINA OCCURS WHEN
4. _____________________ CORONARY ARTERIES, WHICH SUPPLY THE HEART MUSCLE
WITH BLOOD, BECOME NARROWED AND CANNOT CARRY
_____________________ IT IS AN IMMEDIATE HELP PROVIDED SUFFICIENT BLOOD TO MEET INCREASED DURING
TO A SICK OR INJURED PERSON UNTIL PROFESSIONAL EXERTION OR EXCITEMENT.
MEDICAL HELP ARRIVES OR BECOMES AVAILABLE.
_____________________ IT OCCURS WHEN THE HEART
GIVE THE 4 OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID STOPS CONTRACTING AND NO BLOOD CIRCULATES
1. _____________________ THROUGH THE BLOOD VESSELS AND VITAL ORGANS ARE
2. _____________________ DEPRIVED OF OXYGEN.
3. _____________________
4. _____________________ _____________________ A COMBINATION OF CHEST
COMPRESSION AND RESCUE BREATHING.

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