1.

Doric Column & Capital

Doric columns usually stand without its base (crepis or crepidoma) – it is a multilevel platform on
which the superstructure of the building is erected. It has a thick shaft that is slightly curved and
usually, its height is not more than four times the diameter of its base and was adapted each era.
The base is commonly divided into shallow flutes or channels that are bounded by arrises – a
sharp edges formed by a curved surface. The column usually consists of abacus and echinus and
the entablure was divided into three parts, the architrave, frieze, and the cornice or geison.

2. Ionic Column & Capital

The capital and base of the Ionic column are usually between nine and ten times their lower
diameter. Its dimension and characteristics vary depending on the era and location. Different
forms of the base were presented in the eastern part of Greece. The capital is characterized
by a pair of volute or spiral located in the front and back connected by a concave cushion and
commonly, it has flutes, fillets, and beads that serve as ornaments. Its entablure had only two
main parts, the architrave, and cornice that makes it lighter for the column.

3. Corinthian Column & Capital

It was developed during the fifth century BC that serves as a decorative variant of the Ionic. The
characteristic of the capital is much complicated and deeper than the Ionic. The capital was
invented by a famous Athenian sculptor, Callimachus, It was made out of an observation of a
basket over the grave of a Corinthian maiden. Columns were first used for internal colonnades,
fanciful monuments, and during the Hellenistic era, it is used for external colonnades. The
Corinthian column is not that different from the Ionic until it was developed during the Hellenistic
period.

4. Temple of Zeus, Olympia

It was considered a mainland temple during the fifth century BC. The temple was designed by
Libon of Elis. The design is very common but it has an impressive dimension (90 FT 9 IN by 204
FT 4IN) over the stylobate. It has a 2:1 ratio of column height to spacing, it is simpler compared to
the Parthenon and it has a massive order. It was rebuilt using limestone with a texture of
roughness and marble stucco was used for facing.

5. Temple of Hephaestus, Athens

The Byzantine Greeks converted the structure into a church, its external area is well preserved. It
has a unique arrangement, On the flank, the east porch is aligned with the third columns. The
structure is generally Pentelic marble and the lowest of the three steps is limestone. The architrave
has a continuous moulding at the top instead of the typical regulae and guttae. The face of the
structure was carved with scenes about the deeds of Theseus. A large base is present for the two
cult statues of Hephaestus and Athena. During the construction, the plan was modified. The inner
colonnade was added and the position of the rear wall was altered
 6. Temple of Artemis, Ephesus

The earliest of this temple had been relatively small. The later temple stood on a platform of steps
(9 FT) high. The temple is characterized as dipteral and octastyle at the front but on the rear, it is
somehow enneastyle. Evading the serious difficulties of spanning the wide central
intercolumniation is the object of the extra rear column. On the main front, the column spacings
were less wide from the center outwards. The structure is not the largest in Ionia, though, it has
impressive dimensions.

7. Temple of Ilissis, Athens

The structure is generally made up of Pentelic marble and characterized as amphiprostyle

tetrastyle. It has a dimension of 20FT by 42FT over the crepidoma which is three-step. The
structure is dedicated to Artemis Agrotera. Stuart and Revett converted the structure into a church
during the eighteenth century. It had a proper porch with two columns in antis.

8. Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens citation: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, A. T.

(Ed.). (2011, November 20). Choragic monument. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/technology/choragic-monument.

It is a freestanding pedestal – a support or base for a column, statue, vase or obelisk. A display
for a choral prize won at ancient Greek festival. The surviving example is erected in Athens in
334 BC. It has an area of 2.9 meter square foundation. The monument has a height of 4 meters
and topped by a circular edifice. The structure is supported by six Corinthian columns. The
entablure of the monument serves as a support for shallow dome which is the base that holds
the trophy.

9. The Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, Athens

10. The Philipeion, Olympia

It is an important Macedonian Ionic building that is compressed by using marble and it has a
circular form, it was completed by Alexander in 336 BC. Supporting an entablure, it consists of a
colonnade with eighteen Ionic columns. The structure is known as a commemorative building for
the Macedonian royal family. Instead of having a canonical twenty-four, the columns of the
structure have only twenty flutes.