Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3
Analysis of Statically
Indeterminate
Structures by the
Displacement Method
Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur
Lesson
17
The Slope-Deflection
Method: Frames with
Sidesway
Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur
Instructional Objectives
After reading this chapter the student will be able to
1. Derive slope-deflection equations for the frames undergoing sidesway.
2. Analyse plane frames undergoing sidesway.
3, Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams.
4. Sketch deflected shape of the plane frame not restrained against sidesway.
17.1 Introduction
In this lesson, slope-deflection equations are applied to analyse statically
indeterminate frames undergoing sidesway. As stated earlier, the axial
deformation of beams and columns are small and are neglected in the analysis.
In the previous lesson, it was observed that sidesway in a frame will not occur if
In general loading will never be symmetrical. Hence one could not avoid
sidesway in frames.
For example, consider the frame of Fig. 17.1. In this case the frame is
symmetrical but not the loading. Due to unsymmetrical loading the beam end
moments M BC and M CB are not equal. If b is greater than a , then M BC > M CB . In
Δ
M AB = M AB
F
+
2 EI
[2θ A + θ B − 3ψ AB ] where ψ AB = −
h h
M BA = M BA
F
+
2 EI
[2θ B + θ A − 3ψ AB ]
h
M BC = M BC
F
+
2 EI
[2θ B + θ C ]
h
M CB = M CB
F
+
2 EI
[2θ C + θ B ]
h
Δ
M CD = M CD
F
+
2 EI
[2θ C + θ D − 3ψ CD ] ψ CD = −
h h
M DC = M DC
F
+
2 EI
[2θ D + θ C − 3ψ CD ] (17.1)
h
∑M B =0 ⇒ M BA + M BC = 0 (17.2a)
∑M C =0 ⇒ M CB + M CD = 0 (17.2b)
Now consider free body diagram of the frame as shown in Fig. 17.2. The
horizontal shear force acting at A and B of the column AB is given by
M CD + M DC
H3 = (17.3b)
h
∑F X =0 ⇒ H1 + H 3 = 0
M BA + M AB M CD + M DC
+ =0 (17.4)
h h
Substituting the values of beam end moments from equation (17.1) in equations
(17.2a), (17.2b) and (17.4), we get three simultaneous equations in three
unknowns θ B ,θ C and Δ , solving which joint rotations and translations are
evaluated.
Example 17.1
Analyse the rigid frame as shown in Fig. 17.3a. Assume EI to be constant for all
members. Draw bending moment diagram and sketch qualitative elastic curve.
Solution
In the given problem, joints B and C rotate and also translate by an amount Δ .
Hence, in this problem we have three unknown displacements (two rotations and
one translation) to be evaluated. Considering the kinematically determinate
structure, fixed end moments are evaluated. Thus,
F
M AB = 0 ; M BA
F
= 0 ; M BC
F
= +10 kN .m ; M CB
F
= −10 kN .m ; M CD
F
= 0 ; M DC
F
= 0. (1)
Δ
ψ AB = ψ CD = − (2)
3
Chords of the elastic curve AB ' and DC ' rotate in the clockwise direction;
henceψ AB and ψ CD are taken as negative.
M AB = M AB
F
+
2 EI
[2θ A + θ B − 3ψ AB ]
3
Δ
F
M AB = 0 ;θ A = 0 ;ψ AB = − .
3
2 2
M AB = EIθ B + EIΔ
3 3
4 2
M BA = EIθ B + EIΔ
3 3
1
M BC = 10 + EIθ B + EIθ C
2
1
M CB = −10 + EIθ B + EIθ C
2
4 2
M CD = EIθ C + EIΔ
3 3
∑M B =0 ⇒ M BA + M BC = 0 (4)
∑M C =0 ⇒ M CB + M CD = 0 (5)
The required third equation is written considering the horizontal equilibrium of the
entire frame i.e. ∑ FX = 0 (vide Fig. 17.3d).
− H 1 + 10 − H 2 = 0
⇒ H 1 + H 2 = 10 . (6)
M BA + M AB
H1 =
3
and
M CD + M DC
H2 = (7)
3
M BA + M AB + M CD + M DC = 30 (8)
Substituting the beam end moments from equation (3) in equations (4), (5) and
(6)
Equations (9), (10) and (11) indicate symmetry and this fact may be noted. This
may be used as the check in deriving these equations.
Substituting the values of EIθ B , EIθ C and EIΔ in the slope-deflection equation
(3), one could calculate beam end moments. Thus,
M BA = −1.14 kN.m(clockwise)
M BC = 1.130 kN.m
M CB = −13.415 kN.m
M CD = 13.406 kN.m
M DC = 12.500 kN.m .
The bending moment diagram for the frame is shown in Fig. 17.3 e. And the
elastic curve is shown in Fig 17.3 f. the bending moment diagram is drawn on the
compression side. Also note that the vertical hatching is used to represent
bending moment diagram for the horizontal members (beams).
12 × 3 × 9
F
M AB = = 9 kN .m ; M BA
F
= −9 kN .m ;
36 (1)
M F
BC = 0 ; M CB
F
= 0 ; M CD
F
= 0 ; M DC
F
= 0.
The joints B and C translate by the same amount Δ . Hence, the chord to the
elastic curve rotates in the clockwise direction as shown in Fig. 17.3b.
Δ
ψ AB = −
6
Δ
and ψ CD =− (2)
3
Now, writing the slope-deflection equations for six beam end moments,
2(2 EI ) ⎡ Δ⎤
M AB = 9 + ⎢θB + ⎥
6 ⎣ 2⎦
M BA = −9 + 1.333EIθ B + 0.333EIΔ
M CB = 0.5EIθ B + EIθ C
∑M B =0 ⇒ M BA + M BC = 0 (4)
∑M C =0 ⇒ M CB + M CD = 0 (5)
The required third equation is written considering the horizontal equilibrium of the
entire frame. Considering the free body diagram of the member BC (vide Fig.
17.4c),
H1 + H 2 = 0 .
(6)
M BA + M AB
H 1 = −6 +
6
and
M CD + M DC
H2 = (7)
3
M BA + M AB + 2M CD + 2 M DC = 36 (8)
Substituting the beam end moments from equation (3) in equations (4), (5) and
(8), yields
Substituting the values of EIθ B , EIθ C and EIΔ in the slope-deflection equation
(3), one could calculate beam end moments. Thus,
The bending moment diagram for the frame is shown in Fig. 17.4 d.
Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur
Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur
Example 17.3
Analyse the rigid frame shown in Fig. 17.5 a. Moment of inertia of all the
members are shown in the figure. Draw bending moment diagram.
Under the action of external forces, the frame gets deformed as shown in Fig.
17.5b. In this figure, chord to the elastic curve are shown by dotted line. BB ' is
perpendicular to AB and CC" is perpendicular to DC . The chords to the elastic
BB" Δ
ψ AB = =− 1
L AB L AB
But
Δ
Δ1 =
cos α
Thus,
Δ Δ
ψ AB = − =−
L AB cos α 5
Δ
ψ CD = −
5
Δ 2 2Δ tan α Δ
ψ BC = = = Δ tan α = (1)
2 2 5
We have three independent unknowns for this problem θ B , θ C and Δ . The ends
A and D are fixed. Hence, θ A = θ D = 0. Fixed end moments are,
F
M AB = 0 ; M BA
F
= 0 ; M BC
F
= +2.50 kN .m ; M CB
F
= −2.50 kN .m ; M CD
F
= 0 ; M DC
F
= 0.
Now, writing the slope-deflection equations for the six beam end moments,
M AB =
2 E (2 I )
[θ A − 3ψ AB ]
5.1
M AB = 0.784EIθ B + 0.471EIΔ
M BA = 1.568EIθ B + 0.471EIΔ
M CD = 1.568EIθ C + 0.471EIΔ
M DC = 0.784 EIθ C + 0.471EIΔ (2)
∑M C =0 ⇒ M CB + M CD = 0
Column CD
5 H 2 − M CD − M DC + (1)V2 = 0 (6)
Beam BC
∑MC = 0 2V1 − M BC − M CB − 10 = 0 (7)
∑ FY = 0 V1 − V2 − 10 = 0 (9)
M BC + M CB + 10
From equation (7), V1 =
2
M BC + M CB + 10
From equation (9), V2 = V1 − 10 = − 10
2
60 − 10 H 2 − 2 M AB − 2M BA + M BC + M CB = 0 (10)
− 10 + 10 H 2 − 2 M CD − 2 M DC + M BC + M CB = 0 (11)
M AB + M BA + M CD + M DC − M BC − M CB = 25 (12)
Simplifying,
Substituting the values of EIθ B , EIθ C and EIΔ in the slope-deflection equation
(3), one could calculate beam end moments. Thus,
M AB = 3.28 kN.m
M BC = −2.70 kN.m
M CB = −5.75 kN.m
M CD = 5.75 kN.m
The bending moment diagram for the frame is shown in Fig. 17.5 d.
Summary
In this lesson, slope-deflection equations are derived for the plane frame
undergoing sidesway. Using these equations, plane frames with sidesway are
analysed. The reactions are calculated from static equilibrium equations. A
couple of problems are solved to make things clear. In each numerical example,
the bending moment diagram is drawn and deflected shape is sketched for the
plane frame.