Jordan University of Science and Technology

Civil Engineering Department

Fluid mechanics and hydraulics lab (CE354)

Student Name: abdallah alhassan ID: 120034

Experiment number : 2

Experiment Name : center of pressure on a plane surface

Instructor: DR.Fayez Abdullah TA Name:Tasneem Alkatib

Submission Date: 26/6/2019 SEC# 1

Evaluation Elements Grade

1 Cover page

2 Introduction

3 Objectives

4 Apparatus

5 Theory

6 Procedure

7 Calculations

8 Sample calculation

9 Discussion

10 Conclusions

Total
  Introduction
A body immersed, either partially or fully in a fluid at static condition has a force
exerted on it by the fluid. this force which is called a hydrostatic force has many
beneficial uses, for example: design of dams or other hydraulics structures.

 Objectives
The objective of this experiment is to experimentally locate the center of pressure
of a vertical plane surface.
 Apparatus
 Theory
  Procedure
1. Adjust the counterweight so that the balance the beam is horizontal with no water in the tank.

2. Add water up to some level. During the lab you will use at least four water levels. Make sure some
water levels leave part of the vertical face exposed.

3. Add weights to the pan to restore the beam to a horizontal position. Record the weight. Measure H.

4. Measure and record y.

5. Return to step 2 and repeat the measurements

 Sample Calculations

Partial Immersion

a = 0.1 m , b = 0.075 m , d = 0.1 m , L = 0.275 m ,  w  1000kg / m

3

1  1 
mL   wby 2  a  d  y 
2  3 

when y = 0.035 m
 3
mL= 8.652  10

Full Immersion

 
 1   1 d2 
mL   w  y  d bd a  d  
 2   2  1 
 12 y  d 
  2 

when y = 0.109 m.

3
mL = 72.625  10
  Test result (calculations)

The following results were obtained :

Height of the rectangular surface d =100 mm.

Width of the rectangular surface b = 75 mm.

Distance between the balance pan and the pivot L = 275 mm.

Distance between the top of the rectangular surface and the pivot level a = 100 mm.

Full Immersion Partial Immersion

Mass Y Mass Y
( gm )
(cm) ( gm ) ( cm )
260 109 30 35
310 118 50 43
340 127 60 48
370 135 70 51
390 139 80 56
410 143 90 60
430 147 100 65
450 153 140 74
460 155 170 84
200 92
230 98
Partial Immersion

Mass,m mL Y y2 Absolute
–3
 wb a  d  13 y  diff.
( kg ) ( * 10 ) ( cm ) 2
Between
coloums 2&
4

0.03 8.25 35 0.0086 0.0004

0.05 13.75 43 0.0287 0.0149

0.06 16.50 48 0.015 0.0006

0.07 19.25 51 0.0178 0.0014

0.08 22.00 56 0.021 0.0006

0.09 24.75 60 0.024 0.00045

0.10 27.50 65 0.028 0.00075

0.14 38.50 74 0.036 0.00025

0.17 46.75 84 0.045 0.00077

0.20 55.00 92 0.053 0.001

0.23 63.25 98 0.060 0.002

Full Immersion

Mass,m mL Depth,   Absolute

 w y  d 2 bd  a  d 2 
d2 
( kg ) ( * 10 )
–3 y


12 y  d 

2 
diff.
Between
(m)
coloums
2& 4

0.26 71.50 0.109 0.072625 0.001125

0.31 85.25 0.118 0.08275 0.00025
0.34 93.50 0.127 0.092875 0.000625
0.37 101.75 0.135 0.101875 0.000125
0.39 107.25 0.139 0.106375 0.000875
0.41 112.75 0.143 0.110875 0.001875
0.43 118.25 0.147 0.115375 0.002875
0.45 123.75 0.153 0.122125 0.001625
0.46 126.5 0.155 0.124375 0.002125
  Discussion

The weight of the torus can also be neglected. Because the center of the
curvature of the torus is at the location of the pivot, it is negated. The weight of
the torus was not included in the calculations because the device was calibrated
with ballast water so as to begin the experiment with a net moment of zero about
the pivot. It was noted that a large discrepancy between the theoretical and
experimental values occurred. This is most likely due to errors in measurement of
the height of the fluid inside of the torus. Another possible cause could be that
the apparatus was not sitting level on the counter where the experiment was
performed. If the apparatus is not sitting level, the moment calculations will yield
inaccurate results. A leveling device on or near the testing apparatus would aid in
ensuring the moment balance is accurate. Another source of error would be the
use of the accepted density of water, 1000 kg/m3 , for the theoretical calculation
of the hydrostatic force. This accepted value is the density of sea water at 4oC.
The water used in this experiment was tap water at approximately 23oC.
However, if the actual density of the tap water was used, the theoretical
calculations would not differ greatly enough to compensate for the magnitude of
the error.
  Conclusions
Y ( cm )
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 50 100 150 200 250

The graph above is for the both situations fully and partially immersed .
From the graph we can conclude that when the depth of water increase ,then the
depth of the center of pressure will also increase .