ASSIGNMENT # 1

PSA (POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS)

Name: Arslan Aslam
Reg. No: 16-EE-86
Section: B2
Date: 08-10-2019
Submitted to:
Faisal Nadeem
Power system is that the largest comlex system that is created by human. power grid consist
on 3 major components Generation, Transmission and distribution. These all components has
its own importance. during this report we are going to see statistical analysis concerning the
transmission network and its operation in Pakistan.The transmission of
electricity in Pakistan is below the NTDC(National Transmission & Dispatch Company).

Transmission Network:
Electric power transmission is that the bulk movement of voltage from a generating center to
an electrical station. The interconnected lines that encourage this movement are referred to as
a transmission network. A transmission network could be a high-voltage system for the
exchange of electrical power. It consists of transmission lines, substations and switch
substations. In pakistan Transmission Network is below the superintendence of NTDC. when
generation power is delivered to NTDC and it transmits the facility to the entire country except
Karachi. WAPDA, GENCOs and IPPs offer power to National Transmission and Dispatch
Company then power is equipped to the entire country.

WAPDA’s power wing has been structured into distinct company

entities comprising of four GENCOs, ten DISCOs and one TransCO (NTDC). These ten DISCOs are
answerable for distribution to the tip users. KESC meet its overall demand with its own
generation and purchase from NTDC, IPPs and from Karachi atomic energy Plant.

Data about NTDC:

National Transmission & Dispatch Company is a Pakistani government-owned control

transmission company. It was built up in 1998 and possesses all 220 KV and 500KV grid stations
and transmission lines in islamic republic of Pakistan. Its head office is found at WAPDA House,
Lahore, Pakistan. NTDC first tariff was defined by NEPRA in April, 2004.

Mission & Vision of NTDC:

Vision Statement:
To be the Business leader for the general public Sector in Islamic Republic of Pakistan through
its glorious Transmission & Dispatch, backing the economic process within the country.
Discussion:

Like alternative corporations NTDC conjointly want to try and do business in a wonderful means
and wish to become a job model for other companies specially for public sector in Pakistan in
power field and want to play vital role within the economy of Pakistan. NTDC is doing reforms
to become a profitable company and conjointly to facilitate the folks of Islamic Republic of
Pakistan.

Mission Statement:

To provide pakistan with reliable, efficient, and stable transmission network and Dispatch
Services through the adoption of sustainable best international practices that guarantee
effective use of resources to fulfill the transmission services necessities of generators and finish
users, maximize come back to stakeholders and supply a rewarding workplace for the staff.

Discussion:

NTDC mission is to supply higher facilities whereas adopting international standards to confirm
that to use the resources in an exceedingly better means and most effectively to induce better
results. NTDC conjointly need to supply reliable, efficient, and stable transmission network in
pakistan and to supply higher facilities to their customers.

NTDC essential tasks:

National Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC) connect Power Generation Units with
Load Centers expand everywhere the country and so establish one in all the most important
interconnected Network.

• Transmission Network Operator (TNO)

Operation and Maintenance of 500/220kV Network arrangement , design and Construction of

the new 500/220kV System and up gradation of the present one.

• Wire Business
o Transmission arrangement

o design and Engineering

o Operation and Maintenance of Transmission Assets

• System Operation & Dispatch

o Generation Dispatch

o power system Operation and management

GENERATION:

Generation Statistics:

installed capacity 32,525MW

Wapda hydro 8,341 MW

IPPs hydro 348 MW

GENCOs thermal 5,662 MW

IPPs thermal 15,138 MW

Nuclear 1,345 MW

Solar 400 MW

Wind 985 MW

Bagasse 306 MW
1. WAPDA

Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) was established through an Act of
Parliament in 1958. it's AN autonomous and statutory body below the executive management
of the federal. Wapda was unbundled within the year 2007 whereby the functions of its Power
wing were redefined as Hydel Power Generation and Operation & Maintenance
(O&M) of power homes.

In line with its mandate, WAPDA is functioning laborious to harness water and
hydropower resources within the country. the concept is to get reasonable, clean electricity,
which is able to give relief to the shoppers by conveyance down the facility tariff. The building
of water storages can meet the water needs besides enjoying their role for mitigation of flood
hazards.

2. KESC

In 1913, the karachi electrical offer Corporation (KESC) was fashioned to fulfill the facility
desires of alittle port city referred to as Karachi, incorporated below the currently presently
corporations Ordinance, 1984. In 1952, the govt of Pakistan nationalized KESC so as to facilitate
the a lot of required investment in its infrastructure.

In 2005, KESC was privatized, with the govt retentive a stake of roughly twenty sixth,
whereas seventy one was transferred to a foreign association. In 2009, the new management,
light-emitting diode by Abraaj Capital, took charge, starting a turnaround story that has so far
seen investments of over USD 2.1 billion.

As of 2017, the Abraaj cluster and Aljomaih/NIG have a 66.4% stake in KE; the govt
of Pakistan’s material possession stands at twenty four.36%. K-Electric (KE) may be a vertically
integrated investor-owned utility managing all 3 key stages – generation, transmission and
distribution – of manufacturing and delivering energy to shoppers. KE may be a Pakistani
electrical offer company, based mostly in metropolis, Sindh, Pakistan.
KE provides power to whole Pakistan home to an calculable twenty two million folks (as of
2018). the corporate encompasses a client account base of over a pair of.5 million, and around
ten,000 workers. KE engages within the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical
energy to industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential areas that falls below its network.
In Jan 2018, the utility conjointly initiated the method of distributed generation below a web
metering program. On twenty nine Apr 2019, K-Electric has signed AN agreement with the
state-owned China Machinery Engineering Corporation (CMEC) for the event a progressive
700MW IPP based mostly power project at Port Qasim, Karachi.

IPPs:

Power shortage had been one in all the chronic issues hampering Pakistan’s socio-
economic growth since late 1980s; the matter had assumed such acute dimensions that power
offer fell in need of demand by nearly 2000MW throughout peak load hours. On a routine basis
the resulted in forced interruptions within the offer of electricity to shoppers throughout peak
hours ensuing load shedding. There was a niche between demand and provide because of fast
increase in electricity demand.

In 1994, Government of Pakistan declared an capitalist friendly policy to develop IPPs

supported oil, coal and gas, that helped in institution of sixteen IPPS. Later in 1995, a hydro
power policy was declared that resulted in development of country's 1st Hydro IPP.

In 2002, new government adopted new policy, by that another twelve IPPs started operations.

In 2015, Pakistan adopted a brand new power policy by that another thirteen IPPs were
established, largely by Chinese corporations. A transmission policy for development of
conductor privately sector was conjointly declared. As of 2018, presently over forty IPPs are in
operation in Pakistan.

PAEC:

As of 2017, nuclear energy in Pakistan is provided by five industrial nuclear power plants.
Pakistan is that the 1st Muslim country within the world to construct and operate civil nuclear
energy plants. The Pakistan energy Commission (PAEC), the scientific and nuclear governmental
agency, is alone to blame for in operation these power plants. As of 2012, the electricity
generated by industrial nuclear energy plants constitutes roughly ~3.6% of electricity generated
in Pakistan, compared to ~62% from fuel, ~33% from electricity power and ~0.3% from coal
electricity. Pakistan isn't a celebration to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation accord however may be
a member of the International energy Agency. Pakistan plans on constructing thirty two nuclear
energy plants by 2050.

Discussion:

As the population of Pakistan is increasing day by day terribly apace and so the consumption of
electricity will increase. therefore we want a lot of energy day by day. Pakistan is additionally a
developing country and business is growing here. Pakistan isn't most economically robust. we
tend to can’t afford costly energy and Government can’t pay grant to the folk owing to money
problems. the entire capability of Pakistan is given on top of and that we can even see the
resources of generation of electricity. largely energy is created by thermal IPPs that is incredibly
pricey (15-20 rupees) per unit which is very costly w.r.t hydro power (7-10 rupees).

We are manufacturing a lot of energy from Coal, Diesel& gas and manufacturing thirty
fourth energy from renewable resources (Water, Solar, Wind & Bagasse).

Under CPEC totally different comes are underneath construction and a few projects are in
pipeline. Pakistan is working on some mega comes like Dasu Dam, Diamar Basha Dam, Kohala
power station, Sukhi Kinari power station etc. It’s a decent for Pakistan.

By keeping in mind of these factors we should always pay a lot of attention to the renewable
energy resources specially on hydro power plants so we are able to manufacture more energy
in low cost and effective method. we should always encourage personal sector to speculate
during this sector and Government should build simple path and facilitate conjointly to the
investors.
 Grid Stations:
NTDC operates and maintains sixteen 500 KV and forty five 220 KV Grid Stations.

500KV Grid Stations:

City Number of grid stations

Islamabad 2

Lahore 5

Multan 4

Hyderabad 5

Total 16

List of 220KV Grid Stations:

City Number of grid stations

Islamabad 11

Lahore 19

Multan 5

Hyderabad 5

Quetta 5

Total 45

Discussion:
As the population of West Pakistan is increasing day by day terribly. Consequently urban and
rural areas are increasing day by day and their wants conjointly will increase. The business is
additionally growing in West Pakistan. thus we want additional grids however the most issue
 is to manage of these things in an exceedingly great way. the amount of
grids(500KV&200KV;) is increasing day by day.

we should always use latest technology in grid stations. In our grids principally
instrumentality is employed of SIEMENS and pixel. we should always target safety. Our
workers ought to be extremely trained. we should always build additional 500KV&200KV;
grid stations with correct coming up with. solely 2 GIS grid stations in West Pakistan. we
should always target GIS instead of AIS grid station thanks to safety.

Length of lines:

Line Length

500KV 5,970Km

220KV 11,322Km

Longitudinal network, extends from North to South Hydro generation is principally in Northern
a part of the country and major thermal generation in South & in lower middle part of the
network. giant load centers are remote from major generation sources. seasonal variation in
generation dispatch and in power flows:

• Bulk power flows from north to mid-country in summer.

• Bulk power flows from south to mid-country and north in winter.

Future comes:
NTDC has planned sure future comes and from future projects some projects are being
planned in China Pak Economic corridor (CPEC). The comes that are planned in CPEC are given
below.

1. HVDC ±660 kV Matiari-Lahore conductor Project:

The HVDC Project can evacuate Power from the coming Coal based mostly Thermal Power
Plants set at Port Qasim, Hub and Thar. NTDC applied a study through international adviser,
 World Health Organization planned HVDC technology for transfer of bulk power being value
effective and low line losses. Moreover, the need of Right of means is a smaller amount
than HVAC lines.

2. Scope Of Project (Under CPEC):

• HVDC ±660 kV Line, approx. 886 kilometre with capability of 4000 MW from Matiari to
lahore.

• 2 device Stations with AC change Stations at Matiari and metropolis.

• 2 Grounding Stations at sixty kms from Matiari & lahore convertor Stations.

3. Power To Be exhausted From Following Coal Power Plants:

• Port Qasim Coal (Karachi) with 185 kilometre Line

660 MW Dec 2017, 660 MW Jun 2018.

• Hub electric company (Bal) with 200 kilometre Line

660 MW Dec 2018, 660 MW Aug 2019.

• Engro Power gen (Thar - Matiari 250 kilometre Line)

660 MW June 2019.

• Block-I Power gen Thar (Shanghai) (275 Km)

660 MW March 2021, 660 MW Aug 2021.

• Thal nova (Thar) (275 km)

330 MW April 2021.

• Thar Energy Ltd (TEL) (275 km)

330-MW April 2021.

 Total = 5280 MW
Conclusion:
As the population of Pakistan is increasing day by day terribly so the consumption of
electricity will increase. therefore we want a lot of energy day by day. Pakistan is
additionally a developing country and business is growing here. Pakistan isn't most
economically robust. we can’t afford costly energy. Altoughh there are many projects on
which NTDC is working but still we need to install more genrating stations to meet up our
increasing load demand.