Professional Documents
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Plumbing Reviewer PDF
Plumbing Reviewer PDF
A. WATER SUPPLY
7. FORCE PUMP is used to deliver water at a point higher than the position
of the pump itself. When the plunger (a piston) descends, valve ‘A’ is
closed and water in the cylinder is forced out through valve ‘B’ and up to
the storage. When the plunger is raised, valve ‘B’ is closed and ‘A’ open
to admit water to the cylinder. [A pump that uses pressure to move liquid]
10. WATER TANK may be used either for the collection of water without
consideration of pressure, or for storing water under air pressure or under
a static head for future distribution by pneumatic or gravity means.
Materials are PVC, G.I., reinforced concrete, stainless steel or plain steel.
11. A SUCTION TANK is a tank constructed of riveted or welded steel plate;
the larger tanks often being divided into two compartments. They should
be large enough to contain at least one day’s supply for the entire
building in case the city main is temporarily shut off. The pipe from the
pump to the tank should be across connected to the city main so that the
water may be pumped directly from the main in case of fire. These tanks
are used so that the pneumatic tank or other pumps suck the water from
this tank and not from the public main, so that it will not deprive the
neighbors of water due to pressure.
12. PNEUMATIC TANK – A tank using air pressure from a suction tank to
distribute water for tall buildings which cannot be reached by normal
pressure.
13. UPFEED SYSTEM . Water is distributed from the normal water pressure
coming from the public water main, for low rise buildings.
15. The pipe from the public water main or source of water supply to the
building served is called: SERVICING PIPE.
16. The vertical supply pipe which extends upward from one floor to the
next is called a RISER and the horizontal pipes that serve the faucets are
called BRANCHES.
B. WATER SUPPLY
2. GOOSENECK. One end is 0.30M and the other end is 0.90M long.
This prevents the pipe from snapping when the soil settles. [U-
shaped?]
5. UNION. A G.I. fitting which is used when a pipe has already been
installed but dismantling is difficult.
6. Excessive pressure produces a rumbling sound called the WATER
HAMMER . This occurs when a valve is suddenly turned off and causes
the water to stop, forcing the pipes to shake and to reduce this, an
additional 0.30m to 0.90m length of pipe is added to the riser to give
air pressure which absorb it.
7. STREET ELBOW or TEE . A kind of G.I. fitting that has one end
external threads, while the other end has internal threads.
11. CHECK VALVES . These valves are used when it is desired that
the flow through a pipe be always in one direction and there is a
possibility of a flow taking place in the opposite direction. One type
has a pivoted flap which is readily pushed open by the pressure of
water from one side but is tightly closed by the force of a reverse
flow.
13. OVERHEAD HEIGHT. This is the vertical distance from the higher
source of water or overhead tank to the outlet (faucets, shower head)
and is distributed by gravity.
2. SOIL STACK PIPE. A vertical soil pipe containing fecal matter and
liquid waste.
3. WASTE PIPES. A pipe which conveys only liquid wastes free of fecal
matter.
14. TRAP SEAL. This is the vertical distance between the dip and
the crown weir (an embankment or levee) built to hold water in its
course or to divert it to a new course of a p-trap. Also it is the water
in the trap between the dip and the crown weir to prevent unpleasant
and odorous gases to enter the room through the fixtures.
8. After the ground preparation, a LINER should be laid out on the area
enclosed for sanitary landfill. The main purpose is to prevent the
seepage of leachate (dirty water, to cause liquid to percolate) deep
down to the ground water strata. This consists of soil or composite
material such as synthetic plastic or asphalt sheets.
12. BIDET. A fixture that appears like a water closet, since a person
sits down on it. But it is designed as a combination lavatory which
can plug the drain and collect hot & cold water, with an inverted
water sprayer to clear the most delicate and well-guarded parts of
the body.
F. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS
a. Correct
*Dry pipe sprinkler systems are more efficient than wet pipe
systems.
*The hazard classification does not necessarily affect sprinkler
layout.
b. Incorrect
*Siamese connections serve both sprinklers and standpipes
*Standpipes must be located within stairways or vestibules of smoke-
proofed enclosures.
*Standpipes are required in buildings four or more stories high or
those exceeding 150 feet.
10. FIXTURE DRAIN -The drain from the trap of the fixture to the
junction of the fixture to the drain of the pipe.
11. SPECIAL WASTE OR INDIRECT WASTE PIPE - Waste water pipe from
fixtures or appliances which is allowed to discharge into a properly vented
fixture and with no direct connection with the drainage system.
ALLEY - any public space, public park moroughiare less than three (3)
meters but not less than two (2) meters in width which has been dedicated
or deeded to the public for public use.
BACKFLOW - The flow of water into a water supply system from source
other than its regular source. Back siphonage is one type of backflow.
BAK PRESSURE - Air pressure in drainage pipes greater than atmospheric
pressure.
BACK VENT PIPE - the part of a vent line which connects directly with an
individual trap
underneath or behind the fixture and extends to the branch or main, soil,
or waste pipe at any point higher than the fixture or fixture trap it serves.
This is sometimes called an individual vent.
BALL COCK - A faucet opened or closed by the fall or rise of a ball floating
on the surface of water.
BENDING PIN (OR IRON) - A tool used for straightening or expanding lead
pipe.
BIDET - A plumbing fixture used for washing the middle part of the body,
specially the
genitals. Also a sitz bath (Used to wash posterior parts of the body).
BLIND FLANGE - A flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening
for the passage of water. (Used for black iron pipes).
BLOW OFF - A controlled outlet on a pipe line used too discharge water or
detritus. (In
Sanitary house trap).
BRANCH - A branch is any part of a piping system other than the main,
riser or stack.
CAP - A fitting into which the end of a pipe is screwed for the purpose of
closing the end of the pipe.
CIRCUIT VENT - A group vent extending from in front of the last fixture
connection on a horizontal branch to the vent stack. See also loop vent.
(Loop vent, Branch vent)
DEAD END - The extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end to
which no connections are made on the extended portion, thus permitting
the stagnation of water or air therein. (Water hammer arrester or air gap
or air chamber).
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH -The length along the center line of the pipe and
the fittings.
DRAIN - A sewer or other pipe or conduit used for conveying ground water,
surface water, storm water, or sewage.
DRY VENT - A vent that does not carry water or water- borne wastes.
FIXTURE BRANCH - The supply pipe between the fixture and the water
distributing pipe.
FIXTURE DRAIN - The drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of the
drain with any other drain pipe.
FIXTURE UNIT - One fixture unit is equivalent to a flow rate of one (1)
cubic foot of water per minute or seven and a half (71/2) gallons of water
per minute.
FLASHING - A piece of sheet metal fitted under another piece of flat metal
or wood over which water is expected to run.
FLOOD LEVEL - The level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow the
top or rim of the fixture.
FLOOR AREA - The area included within surrounding walls of a building (or
portion thereof), exclusive of vent shafts and courts.
FLUSH VALVE - A valve used for flushing a fixture by using water directly
from the water supply pipes or in connection with a special flush tank.
GATE VALVE - A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a
circular disk, fitting against machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to
the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by means of a threaded
stem connected to the handle of the valve. The opening in the valve is
usually as large as the full bore of the pipe.
GLOBE VALVE - A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a
circular disk that fits against the valve seat. The plane of movement of the
disk is parallel to the normal direction of flow of water, which is turned
through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the face of the
disk.
GOOSE NECK - A return bend of small-sized pipe one end of which is about
one (1) foot long and the other end is about three (3) inches long. It is
commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the lead connection
between a service pipe and a water main.
GRADE - The slope or fall of a line of pipe in reference to a horizontal
plane usually expressed in percent.
GROUP VENT - A branch vent that performs its function for two (2) or more
traps.
HEIGHT OF BUILDING - The vertical distance from the “Grade Line” to the
highest point of the coping of a flat roof or to the deck line of a mansard
roof or to the average height of the highest gable of a pitch or hip-roof.
HOUSE STORM SEWER - A house storm sewer is the pipeline from the
building to the public storm sewer system.
INDIRECT WASTE PIPE - A waste pipe that does not connect directly with
the building drainage system but discharges into is through a properly
trapped fixture or receptacle.
INDUSTRIAL WASTES - Industrial waste are liquid waste resulting from the
processes employed in industrial establishments and are free from fecal
matter.
INVERT - The lowest portion of the inside of any pipe conduit that is not
vertical.
LOCAL VENT - A pipe or shaft serving to convey foul air from a plumbing
fixture or a room to the outer air.
MAIN - The main of any system of continuous piping is the principal artery
of the system, to which branches may be connected.
RISER - A water supply pipe that extends vertically one full story or more
too convey water to branches or fixtures.
SEAL - The vertical distance between the dip and the crown weir of a trap.
Also, the water in the trap between the dip and the crown weir.
SERVICE PIPE - The pipe from the water main or source of water supply to
the building served.
SOIL PIPE - A soil pipe is any pipe which conveys the discharge of water
closets, urinals, or fixtures having similar functions. Also, a cast-iron pipe,
with bell and spigot ends, used in plumbing to convey fecal matter or
liquid wastes.
SOIL STACK PIPE - A vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter and liquid
waste.
SPIGOT - The end of a pipe, which fits into a bell. Also a word used
synonymously with faucet.
STACK - A general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste, or vent
piping.
STACK VENT - A stack vent is the extension of a soil or waste stack above
the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.
SUBSOIL DRAIN - Subsoil drains are underground drain pipes that receives
only sub-surface or seepage water and convey it to place of disposal.
SUMP - A pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid wastes are
drained.
TAPED TEE - A cast-iron bell-end tee with the branch tapped to receive a
threaded pipe of fitting
UNIT VENT - An arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will
serve two (2) traps.
WET VENT - portion of a vent pipe through which liquid waste flow.
WASTE PIPE - a pipe, which conveys only liquid waste, free of fecal matter.
COMMON VENT- single vent that ventilates multiple traps of back to back
fixture
AIR OUTLET- air generated device to open or close a damper or valve
4. acid resistant cast iron pipe- made of alloy, cast iron & silicon
- installed in chemical labs for acid waste disposal
5. asbestos pipe- made of asbestos fibers & Portland cement
- suitable for embedment on concrete structures
6. bituminous fiber sewer pipe- cheapest and lightest
- for house sewer
7. vitrified clay pipe- made of clay & w/ length of 0.75 m threaded w/
glazed compound. High resistant to acid & suited in
underground installation. Brittle, cracks easily when laid on
unsuitable ground
8. lead pipe- one of the oldest plumbing material . not recommended to convey water
for human consumption
9. galvanized wrought iron pipes- better than steel pipes for plumbing
because it is more resistant to acid waste
10. brass pipe- most expensive. Made of alloy of zinc & copper mixed
15% :85% highly suitable for waste & water because of its
smooth surface aside from its high resistance to acids
11. copper pipes- durable material w/c is extremely corrosive resistance.
Easiest to install
Type K- heaviest for underground installation
L- lighter than K, comes in flexible & rigid type
M- thinner & available only in rigid form