DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT

MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

WATER QUALITY
(RIVER) MONITORING
SYSTEM/PROGRAMME AND
POLLUTION CONTROL
By:
MR. HASHIM DAUD
DIRECTOR,
DIRECTOR WATER & MARINE DIVISION
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCTION TO DOE
„ Environmental Quality Act (EQA) - gazetted on 14 March 1974

„ 1 April 1975 – EQA came into force

„ 15 September 1975 – Establishment of Division of Environment under

Ministry of Local Government & Environment

„ 1 March 1976 – Division of Environment placed under Ministry of Science,

Technology & the Environment

„ 1983 – named as Department of Environment

„ 27 March 2004 – Department of Environment placed under the newly

formed Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment. 2
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

NATIONAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Policy Statement:
FOR CONTINUOUS ECONOMIC, SOCIAL & CULTURAL PROGRESS &
ENHANCEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF MALAYSIANS, THROUGH
ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

3
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

NATIONAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Obj ti
Objectives
„ A clean, safe, healthy & productive
environment for present & future
generations;

„ Conservation of the country’s unique &

diverse cultural & natural heritage with
effective p
participation
p byy all sectors of
society ;

„ Sustainable lifestyles & patterns of

consumption & production
4
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

NATIONAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENT

8 Principles
„ Stewardship of the Environment „ Integrated Decision
Decision-Making
Making

„ Conservation of Nature’s Vitality & „ Role of the Private Sector

Diversity
„ Commitment & Accountability
„ Continuous Improvement in the
Quality of the Environment
„ Active participation in the
International Community
„ Sustainable Use of Natural
Resources
5
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

NATIONAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENT

7 Green Strategies
ƒ Education & Awareness ƒ Strengthening
administrative & institutional
ƒ Effective management of mechanisms
natural resources & the
environment
i
ƒ Proactive approach to
regional & global
ƒ Integrated development environmental issues
planning & implementation

ƒ Prevention
P ti & control
t l off ƒ Formulation &
pollution & environmental implementation of Action
degradation Plans 6
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT, 1974

• 37 subsidiary environmental regulations
introduced to deal with specific issues
ranging from
- agro-based and manufacturing
industries,
- air emissions from stationary &
mobile sources,
- noise from motor vehicles
- management of scheduled wastes
- environmental impact
assessment.
• Planning, design, operation, waste
generation & disposal 7
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

THE ENVIRONMENTAL Q
QUALITY ACT
Areas of coverage, include:

„ Enforcement
„ Environmental Monitoringg
„ Pollution Prevention and Control
„ Waste Management
„ Environmental Planning
„ Environmental Information and Education
„ Coordination with States/Countries
8
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

PROGRAMMES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL

„ Enforcement Programme
„ Environmental Monitoring Programme:-
- Air Quality
- River Water Quality
- Marine Water Quality
- Ground Water Quality
„ Pollution Prevention/Abatement Programme
- Environmental Impact Assessment
- Preliminary Site Evaluation / Site suitability Evaluation (PAT)
- Written Approval
- Written Permission
9
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

ENFORCEMENT OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
O QU
QUALITY
ACT 1974
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

• Environmental management in
M l i became
Malaysia b focused
f d with
i h the
h
gazettement of EQA 1974 on 14
March 1974.
1974

• The Department of Environment’s

main role is to prevent, control and
abate pollution through the
enforcement of the EQA 1974, and its
37 subsidiary legislations.

11
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

List of Regulations and Orders in the Environmental Quality Act

1974 Related to Water Pollution :
ACTIVITY - Control of Agro-Based Water Pollution:
ƒ Environmental Quality ( Licensing ) Regulations 1977
ƒ Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) (Crude Palm
Oil ) Regulations 1977
ƒ Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) ( Raw Natural
Rubber) Regulations 1978
ƒ Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises) (Crude Palm
Oil ) Order 1977
ƒ Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) (Raw Natural
Rubber) Order 1978 12
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

List of Regulations and Orders in the

Environmental Quality Act 1974 Related to Water
Pollution :
ACTIVITY - Control of Municipal and Industrial Waste
Water Pollution

ƒ Environmental Quality (Sewage

g and Industrial Effluents)
Regulations 1979

ƒ Environmental Quality (Prohibition on the Use of

Controlled Substance in Soap, Synthetic Detergent and
Other Cleaning
g Agents)
g Order 1995

13
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
PROGRAMME
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

OBJECTIVE OF MONITORING PROGRAMME

„ FFulfill
lfill the
th requirement
i t ffor DOE tto publish
bli h an annuall reportt on
environmental quality

„ To classify the environmental resources

- Planning for development and utilization of a water resource
necessary to classify rivers according to its quality and
prospective
i uses.

„ Collection of base-
base-line data
- To collect necessary data regarding the natural quality of water
in order to indicate changes over long duration which may
interfere with the present and planned uses of the water
resources
15
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

ƒ Environmental Quality Surveillance

- To assess the effectiveness of wastewater management
programmes in the river basins.
basins

ƒ Investigating cases of pollution event and providing effective

corrective measures
- The information collected may then be used to warn other
users of the particular water body about any potential hazard.

16
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

RIVER WATER QUALITY

MONITORING
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

RIVER WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMME

„ Started in 1978 to establish baselines and to detect water
quality changes in river water quality and has since been
extended to identifying of pollution sources as well.
well.

„ Water samples are collected at regular intervals from

designated stations for inin--situ and laboratory analysis to
determine its physico
physico--chemical and biological characteristics
characteristics..

„ Water quality monitoring activities were privatized to ASMA (Alam

Sekitar Malaysia Sdn Bhd) on 1st January 1995
Î both manual & automatic monitoring
18
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

RIVER WATER MONITORING PROGRAMME

(a) Manual Water Quality Monitoring (MWQM) Programme
- In 2006 : 1,064 manual stations in 146 river
basins were monitored (Thorough review of river
basins & monitoring stations in 2004)
- Sampling
p g Frequency
q y = 4 to 12x/yr/station.
y

(b) Continuous Water Quality Monitoring (CWQM)

Programme

19
 Sabah

Sarawak
Peninsular Malaysia

146 River Basins Monitored by DOE 20

Distribution of DOE Water Quality Monitoring Stations
in Peninsular Malaysia

Red flag = stations

21
 Distribution of DOE Water Quality Monitoring Stations
in Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysia

Red flag = stations

22
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

MANUAL WATER QUALITY MONITORING

(MWQM) PROGRAMME
„ Parameter for in-situ measurement
– DO (%), DO (mg/l)
- T bidit (NTU)
Turbidity
- Conductivity (Us/cm)
- Salinity (ppt)
- pH
- Temperature

„ Parameter for lab analysis - BOD, COD, SS, NH3-N, pH, DS, TS, NO3-N,
Cl, PO4-P, O&G, MBAS, E.coli, Coliform, As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ca, Fe, K,
Mg, Na. [ 24 chemical and biological parameters ]

23
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

CONTINUOUS WATER QUALITY MONITORING

„ 15 Automatic water quality monitoring stations on major

rivers
(S
(Sg. Kl
Klang, S Li
Sg.Linggi,
i S M l k
Sg.Melaka, S S
Sg.Sarawak,
k
Sg.Terenganu,Sg.Skudai, Sg.Keratong, Sg.Selangor,
Sg.Perak, Sg.Perai, Sg.Labu, Sg.Rajang, Sg.Putat & Sg.Batang
Benar).
Benar)

„ Currently installed at sensitive locations including

upstream of water abstraction points.
points

24
AT
Typical Di A TypicalofDiagram
i l Diagram of Continuous Water Quality Monitoring
f Continuous
C tibeside WQM
the River beside
b id a River
Bank Ri Bank
B k

MILD STEEL CABIN

Gate
Electrical parts
board Gate
Autosampler

Data acquisition Signal cable to

system (DAS) Autosampler
Rail guard
Autosampler
A tosampler
PVC conduit bottles
Platform Wall plug Telephone line
Electricity conduit
Lock conduit
Sonde cable
Sampler tubing

Sonde rope CONCRETE BASE Earth

Stainless steel Gravel in metal

bracket net
Slot

PVC casing
RIVER Metal force
W ATER

Slot
multiparameter
sonde

Galvanised iron
Stainless steel frame
rod

25
 ALAM SEKITAR MALAYSIA SDN BHD CONTINUOUS WATER QUALITY MONITORING
STATIONS THROUGHOUT PENINSULAR MALAYSIA-13 STATIONS

Perai River
Kuala Terengganu
George Town Terengganu River

Ipoh

P k Ri
Perak River

Kuantan

Selangor River
Klang River,
Keratong River,
Shah Alam Kuala Lumpur

Langat River Batang Benar River,

Seremban
Se e ba
Labu River Linggi River

Malacca River
Putat River

Malacca

Skudai River,
Johore Bharu
26
 ALAM SEKITAR MALAYSIA SDN BHD CONTINUOUS WATER QUALITY MONITORING
STATIONS THROUGHOUT EAST MALAYSIA-2 STATIONS

Sibu
Rajang River

Sarawak River

Kuching

27
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

CONTINUOUS WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMME

ƒ T d
To detect
t t changes
h iin river
i water
t quality
lit on a continuous
ti b
basis.
i

ƒ Parameters monitored: D.O. ,,Mg

g & % ,NH4,
, , NH3,, Conductivity,, Turbidity ,
Salinity, pH, Temperature, Time.

ƒ Water quality levels exceeding the ambient standard for specific

parameters will be transmitted real-time to DOE.

ƒ I
Immediate
di t inspection
i ti will
ill be
b conducted
d t d att suspected
t d sites.
it

ƒ Continuous monitoring is vital for early detection of pollution influx. In

2006 – 21 incidences of distinctive pollution influx were observed.
28
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

TYPES OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATION

(a) Baseline stations – located upstream of the catchments / basin,

undeveloped
d l d area or minimum
i i activities.
i ii

(b) Ambient stations – far away,

away downstream from point/non-point
point/non point
pollution sources. Generally indicates the actual quality of river
water.

(c) Impact stations - for enforcement purposes (not included in WQI

calculation)

29
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

EVALUATION
OF
WATER QUALITY
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY

„ Using Water Quality Index (WQI).

„ WQI - a method
h d that
h combinedbi d numerous water quality
li parameters
into one concise and objective value representing the state of water
quality trends in a river.

„ The WQI can be defined as a number on a scale from 0 to 100 that is

used to show the water quality.
quality

31
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI)

Water Pollution Index - computed
p based on 6 main p
parameters ;;-

(i) Total Suspended Solids – as a measure of suspended

particulate in rivers;

(ii) Biochemical Oxygen Demand – as a measure of

organic
i pollution
ll i resulting
l i ffrom agro-based
b d andd other
h
industries;

(iii) Ammoniacal Nitrogen – as a measure of organic

pollution from sewage and animal waste; sewage
(human and livestock)

32
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

(iv) Chemical Oxygen Demand – as a measure

of chemical pollution;

(v) Dissolved Oxygen - construction / mining;

mining DO
level should not be below 1ppm.

(vi) pH – measures the amount of acid in water. pH

level of 5.5 and lower are particularly at risk

33
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

WATER QUALITY INDEX

WQI = ( 0.22 x SIDO ) + [ 0.19 x SIBOD ] + [ 0.16 x SICOD ] +

0 5 xS
[0.15 SIAN ] + [ 0 6 xS
0.16 SISS
SS] + [ 0
0.12 x S
SIpH
p ]

„ SIDO Sub-Index DO (in % saturation)

„ SIBOD Sub-Index BOD

„ SICOD Sub-Index COD

„ SIAN Sub-Index NH3N

„ SISS Sub-Index SS
„ SIpH
SI H S b I d pH
Sub-Index H
34
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION

Q
BASED ON WQI
Status of the river water quality will be given according to the index range

Parameter Index Range

Cl
Clean Sli htl Polluted
Slightly P ll t d P ll t d
Polluted

Water Quality Index 81-100 60-80 0-59

(WQI)

Biochemical Oxygen 91-100 80-90 0-79

Demand (BOD)

Ammoniacal Nitrogen 92-100 71-91 0-70

(NH3-N)

Suspended Solid (SS) 76-100 70-75 0-69

35
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

NATIONAL WATER
QUALITY STANDARDS
(NWQS)
(MALAYSIA)
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

ƒ NWQS used for classification of rivers or river

segments based on 5 classes of water quality

ƒ NWQS helps DOE to identify problem areas & develop

appropriate strategies for water quality
management.

37
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

CLASSIFICATION
River water quality is classified into 6 classes according to the beneficial uses
of the river.
CLASS USES
Class I Conservation of natural environment Water Supply 1 – practically no
treatment necessary
Fishery – very sensitive aquatic species
Class IIA Water Supply II – conventional treatment required
Fishery II – sensitive aquatic species
Class IIB Recreational use with body contact
Class III Water supply III – extensive treatment required
Fishery III – common, of economic value, and tolerance species;
livestock drinking
Class IV Irrigation
Class V None of the above 38
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

NATIONAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (NWQS)

Class
I II III IV V
Parameter
BOD <1 1-3 3-6 6-12 >12
COD <10 10 25
10-25 25 50
25-50 50 100
50-100 >100
NH3N <0.1 0.1-0.3 0.3-0.9 0.9-2.7 >2.7
DO >7 57
5-7 35
3-5 13
1-3 <1
pH >7 6-7 5-6 <5 >5
SS <25
25 25 50
25-50 50 150
50-150 150 300
150-300 >300
300
WQI >92.7 76.5-92.7 51.9-76.5 31.0-51.9 <31.0

39
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

DATA PROCESSING
„ About 5,256 samples were taken annually , generating over 157,600
water quality data each year.

„ Data processed and used to calculate Water Quality Index.

„ Water quality status of each river basin were determine by

averaging the WQI from the total stations & sampling frequency
every year.

40
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

STATUS OF
RIVER WATER QUALITY
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

RIVER WATER QUALITY STATUS (EQR, 2006)

„ 146 River Basins:

Clean - 80 basins (55%)

Slightly
Sli htl Polluted
P ll t d - 59 basins
b i (40%)
Polluted - 7 basins (5%)

42
 Malaysia : River Basins Water Quality Trend ( 1990 - 2006)
(Note : Number of basin monitored changed in 1998)
100
Clean
90 Slightly Polluted
Polluted 80 80
80
73 72 74
71
70 68
64 63
61 60 59
BER OF BASIN

60 59 58
55
53 52 53 51
50 48 48 47
44 43
MB

42
NUM

40 37 38
35 35 34
32 33

30
25 24 25

20 16
14 15
14 14 13 13 13
12
11 9 9
10 7 7 7
6

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YEAR

43
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

POLLUTED RIVER BASINS (DOE, 2006)

1. Sg. Juru
2. Sg. Pinang
3. Sg. Buloh
4
4. Sg Segget
Sg.
5. Sg. Tebrau
6
6. Sg Danga
Sg.
7. Rivers in Pasir Gudang Area

44
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT
Perlis Map 1 Malaysia: Water Quality Status for River Basins of Peninsular Malaysia, 2006
U
Pengkalan Chepa
Kedah Kemasin
S Merbok Golok Semerak
Besut
Perai Muda
Kluang
Pinang Setiu
Kluang
Ibai
Bayan Lepas
Kerian Terengganu Marang
Juru
Kelantan Landas/Merchang
Jejawi
Perak Dungun
Sepetang Perak
Kerteh

Raja Hitam Chukai

Kemaman
Deralik Pahang

Bernam Kuantan

Tengi
Selangor
Buloh Bebar/Merchong
Klang
Langat R
Rompin
i
Sepang Kesang
Muar
Linggi Mersing
Melaka
Polluted Endau Sedili Besar
Duyong Batu
Merlimau P h t
Pahat Sedili Kecil
Slightly Polluted Kesang Johor Skudai
Benut
Air Baloi Tebrau
Clean Danga
Kaw. Pasir Gudang
Segget 45
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

U Map 3 Malaysia: Water Quality Status for River Basins of Sarawak, 2006
Lawas
Terusan
S

Polluted Brunei
Miri
Limbang
Limbang
Sligh
g tly
y Polluted Kabuloh
Clean Niah

Balingian
Similajau Suai
Batang Baram
Mukah
Oya
Kemena
Kemena

Tatau

Kayan

Sarawak /
Samarahan Sungai Rajang
Sadong Kerian

Saribas

Sungai Lupar
Sungai Lupar
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

U
Bengkoka

S Bingkongan
Polluted
Kedamaian R kit
Rakit
Paitan Slightly Polluted
Tuaran/Membakut Clean
Sembulan Sugut
Inanam Segaliud
g &
T li k
Telipok Mounad
Moyog Labuk/Liwagu
Papar

Membakut
Segama
Kinabatangan
Padas
Silabukan
Menggalong

Tingkayu

Pensiangan Kalabakan
Tawau
Kalumpang

Merutai Besar

Umas-Umas
Brantian
47
Map 2 Malaysia: Water Quality Status for River Basins of Sabah, 2006
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

RIVER POLLUTION PREVENTION

AND
WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME
(PROGRAM PENCEGAHAN PENCEMARAN DAN
PENINGKATAN KUALITI AIR SUNGAI - PPPPKAS)
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

„ The objectives of this programme are:

„ To identify the sources of pollutions and determine the

pollution load and its impact in the entire river basin.
basin

„ Preparation of action plans to improve the water quality from

slightly polluted to clean (Class II) for beneficial use

„ To conserve and maintain river water quality status at clean

level

49
RIVER BASIN SELECTED UNDER THE RIVER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND
WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME (9th MP)

- -

Btg Rajang

50
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

PPPPKAS COMPONENT
„ Detailed study on selected river basins Output:
(i) Inventory of pollution sources and pollution loads
(ii) Decision Support System (Water Quality Modeling
& Spatial Database of pollution sources)
(iii) Action Plan for Pollution Prevention & Water
Quality Improvement for the selected river basin

„ Implementation of Action Plans

„ Inventory, Enforcement and Awareness Programme

51
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY
Ministry
OF NATURAL
of Natural RESOURCES
Resources & Environment
& ENVIRONMENT

THANK YOU.

52