WASTE PAPER

(DEINKING)

Deinking is of two types enzymes supported and chemical supported, Enzymatic

deinking approach maintains a good quality pulp after deinked from laser-printed alkaline
office paper wastes. The chemicals used for deinking are standard and quite complex. Each
chemical had a specific function, adding any aggregates unless it is necessary may lead to
blemish. It is important to remember that some chemicals have more than one action, not all
of which may be pleasing. Sodium hydroxide helps in break down ink by saponification or
hydrolysis and helps in ink dispersion.

Most of the present carton boxes, mould pulp for the fragile products, wall paper etc
are produced by the means of secondary pulp or deinked/recycled pulp. Moulded pulp
products can be made waterproof with a spray or dip coating of wax. Moulding equipment is
used to produce drink trays, cup carriers, wine shippers, egg cartons, egg trays, fruit trays,
pans and end caps, etc.

Process of recycling
The method of waste paper recycling often involves mixing used or old paper with
water and chemicals to break it down. It is then cut and heated, which breaks it down further
into pieces of cellulose, a type of organic plant material resulting mixture is called pulp, or
slurry. It is strained through screens, which remove any glue or plastic which may still be in
the mixture then cleaned, de-inked, bleached, and mixed with water. Then it can be made into
new recycled paper.
 Process of deinking

• Sorting
A waste paper may be comprised of different paper types made of different paper
fibres. Sorting helps in maintaining the pulp quality processed pulp can be of the same or
lower quality than it was original.

• Debaling
The bales are opened objects which are sorted out on the conveyor belt of the pulper.
Many inappropriate materials are readily removed. Twine, strapping, plastic coating etc. are
removed from the hydropulper by a "ragger". Metal straps and staples can be screened out or
removed by a magnet. Adhesive pulp is also cleaned.

• Pulping
Pulpers are either batch uses a tub with a high shear rotor, or continuous, perforated
drum. Drum pulpers are very expensive but have the advantage of not breaking up
contaminants, thus giving an accurate end product.

• Cleaning
The pulp is cleaned before it is packed or used it for further process.

Deinking stage

• Flotation deinking
In flotation deinking, ink is eliminated with the addition of chemicals like surfactants.
With the subsequent air introduction into the recovered pulp hydrophobic components(ink)
particles are then particularly floated & these elements are then taken off in the resulting
foam. In a flotation deinking, the majority of ink removal happens in the flotation process.
The ink particles will already be detached partially from the fibres before it reached the stage
of flotation deinking. Flotation utilizes small bubbles which elevate the inks to the surface in
a froth which is later skimmed away. The left-over pulp fibres are sent to bleach in order to
increase their whiteness levels.
Notes :

Adding the following chemicals together with air bubbles can improve deinking:

 Sodium hydroxide, NaOH - improve fibre swelling and ink detachment

 Sodium silicate, Na2SiO3 - assist ink dispersion

 Alum or CaCl2 - assist frothing and flocculation of ink particles

• Bleaching
Bleaching uses peroxides or hydrosulfites to increase the brightness of the pulp. The
removal of colourants in inks and the brightening of the pulp is done by using the bleaching.
The chemicals used to bleach pulp had a source of environmental concern, and recently the
pulp industry using alternatives to chlorine, such as chlorine dioxide, oxygen, and hydrogen
peroxide.

• Washing
Washing is the removal of other unnecessary components in the recovered pulp like
mineral fillers and other unwanted solid material.
Source : https://www.pulpandpaper-technology.com