EXERCISE #1

IE 213
(Industrial Materials &
Processes)
The followings are requirements to complete this research:
PRODUCT NAME: TISSUE PAPER
PRODUCTION PROCESS:
The toilet paper manufacturing process starts by creating a paper. Paper is usually created
from recycled materials, but materials like virgin tree pulp is additionally used. the bathroom
paper we use today is sometimes a paper made up of trees, but the paper from hemp plant is
employed too. When hemp plants are used, we get the paper from hemp’s fiber and
pulp. However, most tissue paper today is formed from a “chemical pulp”.
Tissue Paper Processing
Pulping

1. Trees are logged and take chips, which are then are ground into fine flakes, which are
then soaked and pulled-apart (retted). Paper pulp is generated from wood fibre or
recycled materials. 
2. Stirring together these fine retted flakes in a very mixer tank with an outsized quantity of
water and other chemicals generates.
3. The manufacturer adds chemicals like sodium sulphide, limestone, et al while the pulp
continues to be within the mixing tank, to soften, strengthen or colour the paper.
Pressing

1. The prepared pulp is then poured over fast paced belts made of highly porous materials
that are driven over huge drums heated by steam. The pulp is poured uniformly and
consistently across the width of the belt/drum. All the water escapes through the pores,
leaving just the fibres on the belt within the kind of a fragile fabric.
2. The tissue is then transferred on to an outsized heated roller called a Yankee. the heat of
the american makes the fabric dry almost instantly.
3. The tissue is then transferred on to a core to make an oversized diameter roll.
4. Adjust the draw speed of the roll can allow you to induce a thicker or thinner tissue as per
your goal. 
5. The rolls are then put onto the converting machine.

Converting

1. The tissue is taken and its plies are split and saw an embossing roller. 
2. Embossing softens the rest room tissue and can be accustomed create decorative patterns.
3. The plies are removed and held along with glue. The tissue is then perforated by doctor
blades, enabling the sheets to be easily pulled apart. 
4. The tissue can then be made into either flat surfaces or wound around a cardboard tube to
make a cylindrical rolls. 
 5. Many different roll sizes and sheet counts are produced on the winding machines. 
6. The large roll is fed into a doctoring system and cut by an outsized rotating doctor blade
into individual rolls.
PRODUCTION FACILITY OF THE PRODUCT:
Materials needed to make toilet papers are:

1. Trees
2. Water
3. Chemicals for extracting fiber
4. Bleaches like chlorine dioxide

Equipment used in making toilet paper:

1. Yankee Dryer
2. Yankee Cylinder
TYPE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS USED

1. Trees
2. Fiber

For paper recycling, companies use oxygen, ozone, hydrated oxide, or peroxide to whiten
the recycled paper. Toilet tissue is usually perforated, scented, embossed and colored. There are
several differences in manufacturing process reckoning on what materials are accustomed make
tissue paper.
If bathroom tissue is created of recycled paper, process starts by many alternative types of
paper being mixed together. Next step is selecting an answer to get rid of ink. Recycled paper
must be washed and is commonly deinked before being pulped. toilet tissue is then pulverized
and reformed into very thin and soft paper. At the top of process tissue is bleached and scented.
Manufacturers don't use every type of trees to form paper. tissue is usually made of "virgin"
paper, employing a combination of softwood and hardwood trees (a combination of roughly 70%
hardwood and 30% softwood).
The paper manufacturers try and find a compromise between durability and a fine writing
surface on their product. Other materials for final product of loo paper include water, chemicals
and bleaches.
Citation:
How Tissue Paper Manufacturing is Done (pulpandpaper-technology.com)

The Toilet Paper Manufacturing Process (toiletpaperhistory.net)

Machinery Used In Tissue Paper Making (pulpandpaper-technology.com)