heraldika

zogadi heraldika
heraldika (frangulad _ Héraldique, germanulad _ heraldik, italiurad _ araldic, polonurad _
heraldyk, rusulad _ геральдика) sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis mecnierebaa, romelic Seiswavlis gerbebs da
maT geneziss. sazogadoebrivi da politikuri ganviTareba gansazRvravs heraldikis ganviTarebis
Taviseburebebsa da tendeciebs.
gerbi (Armes, armoiries, blason, wappen, arma, herb, ecu, ecusson) garkveuli saxelmwifos, olqis,
qalaqis, sasuliero Tu saero organizaciis, sazogadoebis, gvaris, piris, mudmiv gamosarCev niSans
warmoadgens, romelic gadmoscems garkveul sazogadoebaSi arsebul samarTlebriv, socialur-
politikur, moralur-eTikur da sxva urTierTobebsa da cnebebs. gerbi aucileblad unda
emorCilebodes heraldikuri mecnierebis mkacr kanonebs (Seqmnils xangrZlivi droisa da praqtikis
Sedegad), winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi gerbi araa da mxolod ubralo niSans warmoadgens; amave dros,
yoveli niSani, romelic akmayofilebs heraldikis moTxovnebs, gerbad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
iqnas miRebuli, roca igi dafiqsirebuli da dakanonebulia arsebuli politikuri mmarTvelobis,
xelisuflebis mier.
gerbis mTavari damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa memkvidreobiToba.
TviTon sityva `gerbi~ warmoSobilia Zvelgermanuli sityvidan arbi, romelic droTa
ganmavlibaSi gadakeTda herbed da aRniSnavs miwas, miwis flobas, miwis memkvidreobiTobas.
gerbisaTvis aucilebelia:
1 _ emorCilebodes heraldikuri mecnierebis mkacr kanonebs;
2 _ gadadiodes memkvidreobiT;
gerbis Semadgeneli nawilebia:
1 _ fari;
2 _ gvirgvini anu titularuli gvirgvini da qudebi;
3 _ muzaradi;
4 _ muzaradi morTuloba;
5 _ bureleti;
6 _ lamrekeni;
7 _ faris mcvelebi;
8 _ mantia;
9 _ zonrebi;
xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom faris garda gerbis yvela Semadgeneli nawili araaucilebeli
elementia da isini damatebiT identifikaciis saSualebebs warmoadgenen.

2
8 2

d e v i z i

11 10 7

4 heroldi #1 2012
 heraldika
6 3
4 gerbis blasoni , anu erTi mxriv gerbis
ganmarteba, wakiTxva, misi gaSifvra, meore mxriv,
5
misi sworad, Tanamimdevrulad aRwera sayove-
lTaod miRebuli heraldikuri terminologiis _
specialuri heraldikuri enis (jargon du blason)
gamoyenebiT xdeba _ heraldikis specialistebis _
heroldTa mier. termini `blasoni~ aRebulia
franguli sityvidan, rac sagvareulo gerbs
niSnavs an germanulidan, rac bukis kvras, anu am
7 SemTxvevaSi gamocxadebas niSnavs. heroldTa

1
9

d e v i z i

11 10 11 7

instituti ki XII saukuneSi warmoiSva. pirvelad es

sityva `heroldi~ XIV saukunidan gvxvdeba. (igi 1
moixsenieba peter zuxenvirtis raindul poemaSi
`Ehrendreden~).
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos pa-
rlamentTan arsebuli heraldikis saxelmwifo
sabWoSi mudmivad mimdinareobs muSaoba saerTa-
Soriso heraldikuri terminologiis qarTuli Sesatyvisebis mosaZebnad, rac sakmaod rTul amocanas
warmoadgens, radgan Sua saukuneebis dasavleTevropuli heraldikuri terminologiis metad Tavi-
seburi specifikurobis qarTuli ekvivalenturi terminebiT, azris daukargavad gadmocema Zalze
Znelia, Tumca garkveuli nawili ukve dadgenilia da moqmedebs.
gerbis blasoni Semdegi rigiTobiT aris miRebuli:
1. fari;
2. gerbis zeda mxare (nawili): muzaradi (misi daxasiaTeba: axalia Tu Zveli, aqvs Tu ar
titularuli gvirgvini da a.S.);
3. lambrekeni (feris aRniSvniT);
4. muzaradis morTuloba;
5. faris mcvelebi, an warmomdgenebi;
7. sapatio niSnebi, ordenTa niSnebi (faris gareT moTavsebulni);
6. komporteri;
8. mantia;
9. devizi.
gerbis blasonisas upirvelesad yuradReba eqceva mis mTavar nawils _ fars. asaxeleben mis
formas, rogor aris dayofili, fers, masze gamosaxul figuras da a.S.
fari gerbis mTavari elementia, misi azrobrivi centri, romelic Seicavs maqsimalur info-
rmacias, romelic SeiZleba gamoisaxos, rogorc calke komponenti. Ffarze daitaneba yvela simbolo da
emblema, romelTac unda daaxasiaTon gerbis mflobeli.
gerbis faris aRwera xdeba marjvnidan, magram mxareebi ganisazRvreba ara mayureblis mxridan,
aramed misi warmomdgenis, warmosaxviTi damWeris TvalTaxedviT, romelsac fari uWiravs. Ee.i. roca
gerbs vuyurebT, misi marcxena mxare heraldikaSi iTvleba marjvena mxared da piriqiT. Ggerbis faris
marjvena (heraldikuri marjvena) mxare da zeda nawili, heraldikaSi iTvleba yvelaze sapatiod. es
garemoeba gaTvaliswinebulia figurebis (cxovelebis, frinvelebis adamianis Tu sxva) ganlagebisas.
amave dros, faris kompoziciaSi gamosaxulebis moZraoba, dinamika mimarTulia aucileblad marjvniv
(calkeuli SemTxvevebis garda, roca, magaliTad, raime figura nawilobriv aris gamosaxuli); Tu ase ar
aris, mkvlevarma didi yuradReba unda miaqcios am garemoebas, radgan an gansakuTrebul SemTxvevasTan,
an gamonaklisTan, an siyalbesTan gvaqvs saqme, rac Zalze iSviaTad xdeba heraldikaSi. SeiZleba topo-
grafiuli Secdomac aRmoCndes (e.i. moxda gamosaxulebis sarkiseburi aRqma).

heroldi #1 2012 5
 heraldika
faris Semadgeneli elementebia:
I _ faris veli;
II _ ferebi;
III _ farSi gamosaxuli figurebi.
umravles SemTxvevaSi gerbis fari iyofa nawilebad (velebad). aseT fars ewodeba `rTuli fari~,
xolo im fars, romelic dayofili ar aris _ `ubralo~. faris dayofis Sedegad miRebul nawilebs
ewodeba `heraldikuri figurebi~. isini pirobiTad iyofa sapatio anu pirvelxarisxovan, meore-
xarisxovan da mesamexarisxovan heraldikur figurebad.
TiToeuli heraldikuri figuris (faris velebis) adgilis gansazRvras, maT rigiTobas Zalze
didi mniSvneloba eniWeba da amis codna aucilebelia rogorc gerbis blasonisas, aseve gerbis Sedgenis
(Seqmnis) drosac, radgan igi (nawilebis, velebis, rigiToba) gadmoscems faris Semadgenel nawilTa
metad Tavisebur ierarqias, rac Tavis mxriv, gansazRvravs gerbis farSi gamosaxul niSan_figurebis
met_naklebad mniSvnelobas, maT ierarqias. es ki imazea damokidebuli, Tu faris romel nawilSia isini
gamosaxuli.

bizantiuri
normanuli ZvelgoTuri gviangoTuri anu aRmosavluri

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom arsebobs heraldikuri faris ramdenime pirobiTi forma. unda aRiniSnos,
rom am SemTxvevaSi faris forma saSualebas gvaZlevs ganvsazRvroT faris mflobelis vinaoba da mdgo-
mareoba (magaliTad: rombisebur fars mxolod mandilosanTa gerbebSi vxvdebiT).
rac Seexeba gerbSi gamoyenebul ferebs.
Tavidanve gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos Semdegi garemoeba: kerZod _ simbolikis, emblematikisa
da heraldikur ferTa azrobrivi mniSvneloba, xSirad araerTgvaria da ar emTxveva erTmaneTs.
simbolikasa da emblematikaSi feri mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli nacionalur, politikur, istoriul,
religiur da sxva ideologiur Tu eTnografiul TaviseburebebTan da gamoiyeneba garkveul qveyanaSi,
garkveuli xalxis, an romelime socialuri Tu sxva raime dajgufebis mier. amitom sakralur da saero
simbolikasa da emblematikaSi feri mravalgvari da mravalferovania. xolo heraldikaSi ferTa
raodenoba, maTi Sinaarsobrivi datvirTva, mkacrad aris gansazRvruli; heraldikuri feri inte-
rnacionalur kanonebs emorCileba da araviTari interpretacia aq ar SeiZleba.

berZnuli
espanuri italiuri polonuri anu amazonuri

feri heraldikaSi:
I _ adidebs sxvadasxva figurebis variantebis raodenobas da SesaZlebels xdis sxvadasxva feris
Sexamebas;
II _ TiToeul fers mikuTvnebuli aqvs Tavisi azrobrivi datvirTva, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva
xarisxobrivad gazardos sxvadasxva figuris mniSvneloba;
III _ ferTa saSualebiT gerbi iqca namdvilad mxatvruli Rirebulebis mqone nawarmoebad.
heraldikuri ferebi sam jgufad iyofa:
I. liTonebi;
II. minanqrebi;

6 heroldi #1 2012
 heraldika
III. bewveuli.
heraldikaSi yvelaze mkacri kanonia
is, rom ar SeiZleba gerbis farSi liTonzea
liTonis an minanqarze minanqris gamo-
yeneba; magaliTad: faris vercxlis velze
(anu liTonze) oqros lomis (aseve liTo-
nis), an mewamul velze (anu emalze, mina-
nqarze) porfiris (aseve emalis) arwivis
gamosaxva. magram Tu gerbis fari dayofi-
germanuli
lia ramdenime nawilad, am SemTxvevaSi
faris TiToeuli nawili (veli) hera-
ldikaSi iTvleba calke, damoukidebel gerbad (gerbis farad) da amitom zemoT naxsenebi kanoni am
SemTxvevaSi moqmedebs ara mTlianad gerbis farze, aramed TiToeul velze cal-calke. unda aRiniSnos
isic, rom Tu gerbis faris velze ramdenime erTi da igive figuraa gamosaxuli, maSin yvela figura
erTmaneTis msgavsia gamosaxvis formiTac da feriTac. e.i. isini gamoisaxeba yovelgvari cvlilebebisa
da gansxvavebis gareSe.

inglisuri franguli

heraldikaSi TiToeul fers miniWebuli aqvs astrologiuri niSani, keTilSobili qva, laTinuri
aso. agreTve TiToeuli fers aqvs sakuTari grafikuli gamosaxva (misi Seqmna miewereba frang markus
vilson de la kolomies Marc Vulson de La Colombiere7 romelmac 1639 wels pirvelma gamoiyena daStrixvis
wesi). gansazRvrulia ferTa Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvac. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom heraldikur ferTa
qarTuli Sesatyvisebis moZebna Zalze rTuli aRmoCnda, sabolood saqarTvelos parlamentTan
arsebuli heraldikis saxelmwifo sabWos mier, Fdadginda heraldikur ferTa terminTa qarTuli
Sesatyvisebi.
sayovelTaod miRebuli heraldikuri ferebi da maTi semantika Semdegia:
I. liTonebi
1 _ oqro (E,Fmze) _ grafikulad gadmoicema wertilebis saSualebiT. semantika _ uzenaesoba,
didebuleba, warCinebuloba, Zlevamosileba, simdidre;
2 _ vercxli (F, mTvare) _ grafikulad gadmoicema TeTri feriT. semantika _ keTilSobileba,
umankoeba, ubiwoeba, siwminde, sibrZne.
aRsaniSnavia, rom heraldikaSi mxolos es ori liToni _ oqro, vercxli gamoiyeneba da swored
amitom uwodeben maT `keTilSobil liTonebs~.

oqro vercxli
II. minanqrebi (emali)
1 _ mewamuli (wiTeli) _ grafikulad gadmoicema vertikaluri xazebiT. semantika _ simamace,
gambedaoba, vaJkacoba, didsulovneba, samarTlianoba, siyvaruli;

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 heraldika
2 _ laJvardi (lurji) _ grafikulad gadmoicema horizontaluri xazebiT. semantika _
erTguleba, dideba, patiosneba, Rirseba, gulaxdiloba, xvavrieloba;
3 _ zurmuxti (mwvane) _ grafikulad gadmoicema diagonaluri xazebiT marjvnidan marcxniv
(heraldikurad). semantika _ Tavisufleba, imedi, zeimi, sixaruli, lxini;
4 _ sevadi (Savi) _ grafikulad gadmoicema erTmaneTis gadamkveTi horizontaluri da
vertikaluri xazebiT. semantika _ uryeoba, simtkice, erTguleba, windaxeduloba, sulgrZeloba;
5 _ porfiri (Zowi) _ grafikulad gadmoicema diagonaluri xazebiT marcxnidan marjvniv
(heraldikurad). semantika _ mefuroba, uzenaesoba, Zalaufleba, RvTismosaoba.

mewamuli laJvardi zurmuxti sevadi

III. bewveuli
1 _ yaryumi (hermine)9
2 _ ciyvi (le vair).
yaryumis bewvi gerbSi gamoisaxeba Savi feris, boloSi gafarToebuli
samyuras msgavsi patara jvrebis saxiT (vuwodoT pirobiTad `jvrebi~). aqve
SevniSnavT, rom mantiaSi yaryumis bewvi gadmoicema vercxlis velze Savi
patara kudebis saxiT.
gerbis farSi gadmoicema sami saxis yaryumis bewvi:
1 _ "Ermine" _ Savi feris `jvrebi~ vercxlis velze;
2 _ "Ermines" _ TeTri feris `jvrebi~ oqros velze; porfiri
3 _ "Erminois" _ Savi feris `jvrebi~ oqros velze.
iSviaTad gvxvdeba e.w. "Pean" (tyavi), romelic gadmoicema _ oqros `jvrebi~ Sav velze.

yaryumi ciyvi

ciyvis bewvis aRmniSvneli termini le vair, warmoiSva imis gamo, rom gerbSi gamoiyeneboda ciyvis
sxvadasxva bewvis kombinacia (de variis coloridus). amitom misi bewvi ori feriT, ZiriTadad TeTriT da
laJvardiT gadmoicema. davumatebT, rom ciyvis bewvis erT - erTi saxeoba T-s msgavsi figuriT gadmo-
icema. igi mxolod inglisur gerbebSi gvxvdeba da ewodeba "potent".
winamdebare statiaSi Cven SevecadeT zogadad gadmogveca heraldikuri mecnierebis raoba. imeds
gamovTqvamT, rom miuxedavad Zalze mcire informaciisa, es statia interess aRZravs mkiTxvelSi am
metad saintereso mecnierebis dargis mimarT.

malxaz afridoniZe

8 heroldi #1 2012
 heraldika

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo gerbis Sesaxeb

“`wminda mowame giorgi gancxadebulad da
yovelTa saxilvelad win uZRoda mas (qarTvelTa laSqars) da
mklaviTa TvisiTa mosvrida zedamowevnulTa
usjuloTa maT warmarTTa.~”

“qarTlis cxovreba”

qarTulma sazogadoebam didi yuradReba da daintereseba gamoavlina saxelmwifo atributikis

cvlilebis procesisadmi, kerZod ki saxelmwifo gerbis konkursis mimarT. mravali azri gamoiTqva da
mravali kiTxva daisva, gakeTda Sefasebebi, maT Soris bevri sakmaod araobieqturic, rac am sakiTxebSi
gauTviTcnobieroblobis Sedegi iyo.
Ees mdgomareoba gvavaldebulebs, rom garkveuli axsna-ganmarteba gavakeToT sazogadoebis
winaSe, gagacnoT Cveni mosazrebebi, gamovkveToT is samarTlebrivi da mxatvruli prioritetebi, ris
safuZvelzec Seiqmna da Camoyalibda axali saxelmwifo gerbi, ufro swori iqneba, Tu vityviT
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos istoriuli simbolikis samarTalmemkvidre gerbi.
1990 wels, mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Sedegad, arCeuli saqarTvelos respublikis uzenaesi
sabWos mier. axali redaqciiT aRdgenili iqna 1918-1921 ww saxelmwifo simbolika da gauqmda 1922 wels
23 Tebervals saqarTvelos sabWoebis I yrilobaze miRebuli sabWoTa saqarTvelos gerbi, romelic
Sesrulebuli iqna e.w. `socrealizmis” stilSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom orive, rogorc demokratiuli, aseve
sabWoTa socialisturi respublikebis gerbebis avtori iyo bat. ioseb Sarlemani. (meore SemTxvevaSi
iyo Tanaavtoric evgeni lanserec).
1991 wels, demokratiuli respublikis simbolikis aRdge-
nisTanave rogorc sazogadoebaSi, aseve xelisuflebaSi gaCnda
mosazreba, rom arsebuli atributika ar asaxavda saqarTvelos
istoriul da kulturul tradiciebs. miTumetes axali redaqcia
kidev ufro susti da gaurandavi aRmoCnda istoriul-kultu-
rologiuri TvalsazrisiT; amave dros, CvenTvis naTeli iyo, rom
igi ar eqvemdebareboda heraldikis mkacri kanonebis moTxovnebs.
am viTarebidan gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi daiwyo muSaoba
saxelmwifo atributikis SeqmnisaTvis. Tavidan es muSaoba
araorganizebulad warimarTeboda, heraldikiT daintresebuli
pirebis calkeuli jgufebi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad
awarmoebdnen kvleva-Ziebebs. (aqve SevniSnavT, rom Cveni azriT
saqarTvelos 1918-21 wlebis atibutika unda gamocxaddes saqa-
rTvelos kulturul memkvidreobad raTa Rirseuli adgili
daikavos saqarTvelos istoriaSi). sabWoTa saqarTvelos gerbi

jer kidev 1991 wlis da-

sawyisSi, saqarTvelos xelisu-
flebis TxovniT daiwyo ga-
rkveuli mosamzadebeli samu-
Saoebi saxelmwifo gerbisa da
droSis cvlilebisaTis. 1991
wlis oqtomberSi TiTqmis Ca-
moyalibda ZiriTadi konce-
fcia. dRevandeli codnisa da
gamocdilebis gaTvaliswi-
nebiT Cans, rom aRniSnuli
proeqti jer kidev safuZvli-
an kvleva-Ziebasa da mniSvne-
lovan damuSavebas saWiro-
ebda. M m iuxedavad imisa, rom
miRebuli iyo politikuri ga-
1918-1921wlebi axali redaqcia. 1991-2004 wlebi dawyvetileba am simbolikis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb, yvelasa-
Tvis samwuxarod, cnobili samoqalaqo dapirispirebis gamo, axali saxelmwifo simbolika im
droisaTvis ver iqna damtkicebuli.
1994 wels xelisuflebis mier Seqmnili iqna saxelmwifo komisia daD ukve oficialurad daiwyo
msjeloba saqarTvelos axali saxelmwifo gerbisa da droSis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.

16 heroldi #1 2012
 heraldika
1997 wels heraldikis sakiTxebiT dainteresebul
specialistTa jgufis mier, dafuZnda arasamTavrobo
organizacia _ `qarTuli heraldikis asociacia~ (damfu-
Zneblebi: malxaz afridoniZe; Tornike asaTiani; mamuka
wurwumia; mirian kiknaZe; daviT kldiaSvili; gamgeobis
wevrebi: zaqaria kiknaZe; mamuka gongaZe; mixeil mayaSvili).
2000 wlisaTvis (am droisaTvis saqarTvelos parla-
mentma dadgenileba miiRo istoriuli simbolikis
aRdgenis Sesaxeb) moZiebuli da Seswavlili sxvadasxva
istoriuli wyaros safuZvelze qarTuli heraldikis
asociaciam SeimuSava is ZiriTadi parametrebi, romliTac
unda agebuliyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifo gerbi.
mravalwliani kvlevis Sedegad asociaciaSi Camo-
yalibda garkveuli azri: istoriuli gerbi erTiani saxiT
ar arsebobda da droTa ganmavlobaSi igi mudmivad
icvleboda qveyanaSi arsebuli politikuri mdgomareobis
mixedviT.
istoriul gerbebSi arsebuli heraldikuri niSnebi Cvens
mier klasificirebul iqna Semdeg jgufebad:
1.saxelmwifo si- samefo kvarTian-daviTianis
mboloebi: gvirgvi- versiebi

ni, faris mtvirTve-

lebi; saswori, xma-
li, skiptra;
2. teritori-
uli simboloebi:
uflis kvarTi (mcxe-
Ta), wminda giorgi
1991-92 w.w. saxelmwifo atributikis
(zogadad saqarTve-
proeqti
m. gongaZe; m. mayaSvili; lo), iberiis mTa
(aRmosavleT saqa-
rTvelo), oqros sawmisi (dasavleT saqarTvelo);
3. dinastiuri simboloebi: daviTis Surduli, daviTis
qnari.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos, rogorc respublikuri da
konstituciuri mmarTvelobis qveyanas, ar SeeZlo (arc hqonda
amis iurdiuli ufleba)
gamoeyenebina sagvareulo _ vaxuSti batoniSvili
monarqiuli simboloebi da
emblemebi, romlebic uSu-
alod iyo dakavSirebuli
bagrationebis samefo dina-
stiasTan da warmoadgenda
maT pirad kuTvnilebas.
aseT SemTxvevaSi TiTqos
erTi gamosavali arsebobda
_ bagrationebis sagvareu-
los, maT yvela Stos uari
unda eTqva Tavis gerbebze,
maTSi gamoyenebul dina-
stiur simboloebze da
emblemebze da `saCuqrad~
bagration-gruzinski gadaeca saxelmwifosaTvis,
anu gamxdariyo saxelmwifos moqalaqeTa kuTvnileba da
erekle II; giorgi XII
gansaxiereba, rac saxelmwifo gerbs samefo dinastiur elfers
SeunarCunebda. es sxva da sxva obiqturi Tu subieqturi mizezebis gamo SeuZleblic iyo da
arasasurvelic.

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 heraldika
amave dros, Cven gvqonda pirdapiri wyaro _ vaxuSti bagrationis mixedviT, saqarTvelos gerbi iyo
wm. giorgis gamosaxuleba (`saqarTveloisi~). xolo meore sagvareulo simboloebiT aRWurvil gerbze
iyo warwera; `samefo kvarTian daviTiani~ rac pirdapiri miniSneba iyo monarqiaze.
rac Seexeba saxelmwifo simboloebs, Cveni azriT, maTi
wminda giorgi gamoyenebis ufleba gvqonda, vinaidan isini ekuTvnoda saqa-
rTvelos saxelmwifos da ara romelime konkretul dinastias.
saswori gamoxatavda umaRles sasamarTlo xelisuflebas,
Cveni dRevandeli kanonmdeblobiT ki sasamarTlo gamijnuli
aris sxva xelisuflebebisagan da aqedan gamomdinare, ar
SeiZleboda, misi saxelmwifo gerbSi Seyvana; xolo xmali,
rogorc umaRlesi mTavarsardlis simbolo, gamoyenebuli unda
yofiliyo Sesabamis saxelmwifo atributikaSi _ prezidentis da
generaluri Stabis ufrosis pirad standartebSi.
qarTuli heraldikis asociaciis erT-erT Sekrebaze
miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo gerbi dafuZnebuliyo te-
ritoriul da memkvidreobiTobis pri-
ncipze, rogorc es miRebulia evropis
qveynebSi. migvaCnda da dResac migvaCnia,
rom es principi yvelaze misaRebi da
heraldikis TvalsazrisiTac gamarTu-
lia.
dadgenili iqna, rom saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos ganmasaxierebeli Ziri-
gerbi saqarTveloisi Tadi emblema unda yofiliyo mxedari _
vaxuSti bagrationi wminda giorgi, rogorc sruliad saqa-
rTvelos mfarveli wmindani, romelic gerbis farSi dafiqsirdeboda marcxni-
dan marjvniv mimarTuli mxedris saxiT (heraldikis kanonis mixedviT).
teritoriuli simboloebidan auci- muxranbatonis
leblad miviCnieT, rom saxelmwifo gerbSi droSis buni
dafiqsirebuliyo kvarTi, rogorc saqarTvelos istoriul-kultu-
rologiuri da rac mTavaria, sulieri memkvidreobis gansaxiereba.
istoriulad arsebul saqarTvelos gerbze igi mcxeTis, rogorc
saqarTvelos sulierebis sawyisis, misi centris damafiqsirebelic
iyo.
kvarTi

istoriuli versiebi Cveni SemoTavazeba

“titularniki’’ 1672 weli

aseve saWirod CavTvaleT, rom gerbis farSi gamosaxuliyo oqros sawmisi. es simbolo, romelic
siuxvis, zeobisa da bednierebis gamomxatvelia, mTeli msofliosaTvis aris cnobili, ufro metic, es
erTaderTi simboloa, romelic yvela SemTxvevaSi asocirdeba saqarTvelosTan, kolxeTTan da es
semantikuri kavSiri modis jer kidev elinisturi xanidan. heraldikaSi aRniSnuli simbolo imdenad
mniSvnelovnadaa miCneuli, rom gamoiyeneba iseTi saxelmwifoebis atributikaSi, romelTac mcire ram
akavSirebT argonavtikasTan. saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebul istoriulad arsebul gerbebSi igi
gamoxatavda dasavleT saqarTvelos.

18 heroldi #1 2012
 heraldika
swored amave mizeziT gadawyda oqros sawmisi “iveriis mTa”
gerbSi dafiqsirebuliyo erT-erTi
uZvelesi heraldikuri niSani `iveriis
mTa~, romelic aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
ganasaxierebda.
gerbis Semamkobelad, anu gerbis Se-
madgenel nawilebad istoriulad arse-
buli detalebis gamoyeneba gadawyda –
lomebi, gvirgvini, devizis bafTa. aqve
gvsurs ganvmartoT, rom gvirgvini erT
ferSi, feradi Tvlebis gareSe, SesaZle-
belia gamoyenebuli iqnas, rogorc saxe-
quTaisis gubernia qarTlis gerbi
lmwifo suverenitetis simbolo. aRni- imperiis didi saxlmwifo
gerbis manifestidan
Snuli mosazreba dagvidastures didi
britaneTis heraldikis cnobilma spe-
cialistebma, Amiuxedavad imisa, rom isini
zogadad winaaRmdegi arian gvirgvinis
aramonarqiuli qveynebis mier gamoye-
nebisa.
gerbze muSaobisas viziarebdiT
aRmosavleT evropis gamocdilebas.
iseTma qveynebma, rogoric aris ungreTi,
poloneTi, litva, bulgareTi, serbeTi
da montenegro, TavianTi istoriuli
gerbebi gvirgvinebiT aRadgines da amiT
xazi gausves TavianTi saxelmwifoebri-
obis istorias. am sakiTxis gadawyvetisas
dadianebis gerbi “titularniki” 1672
mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa im garemo-
ebamac, rom gagvaCnda heraldikuri sa-
myarosaTvis cnobili originaluri gvi-
rgvini _ `iveriuli gvirgvini~, romelic
swored am saxiT iyo dafiqsirebuli va-
xtang VI droindel da Semdgomi periodis
gerbebSi. am saxiT iyo igi gamoyenebuli
ruseTis imperiis did gerbSi dafiqsi-
rebul saqarTvelos gerbzec (sxvaTaSo-
ris, sainteresoa, rom am gvirgvinis qveS
gaerTianebuli iyo mTeli kavkasia).
TavisTavad cxadia, aseTi mniSvnelovani
faqtis ignorireba arasasurvelad mivi-
CnieT.
Cveni SemoTavazeba Cveni SemoTavazeba

gvirgvini

istoriuli versiebi Cveni SemoTavazeba

heroldi #1 2012 19
 heraldika
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom analogiurad moiqca fineTi da poloneTi, rodesac maT ruseTis
imperiis didi gerbis safuZvelze aRadgines TavianTi gerbebi (amiT ufleba waarTves momavalSi ruseTs
gamoeyenebina maTi simboloebi).

bevri kamaTi da miTqma-moTqma gamoiwvia gerbze

wminda giorgis gamosaxulebis mimarTulebam. opone-
ntebi, ZiriTadad momxreni iyvnen wminda giorgis
gamosaxvis, magram heraldikaSi gauTviTcnobiere-
blobis gamo miiCnevdnen, rom mxedari Tavisi
mimarTulebiT ukuRma iyo da moiTxovdnen mis
sapirispiro mimarTulebiT gamosaxvas. Cvens mier
heraldikis kanonika zustad iyo daculi, garda
amisa, vaxuSti batoniSvili mxedars _ wminda giorgis
swored amgvari mimarTulebiT afiqsirebda.
(aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
gerbze swored am mimarTulebiT iyo gamosaxuli
wminda giorgi, saqarTvelos axali saxelmwifo
poloneTi gerbis damtkicebamde) fineTi

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gerbi

sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevaSi Cven miviRebdiT ru-
seTis gerbze gamosaxul mxedars, romelsac zo-
gierTi specialisti moixseniebs rogorc _ U"Ге-
оргий Победоносец".

2004 wlis Semdeg. 2004 wlamde.

rac Seexeba marTlmadideblur tradi-

ciebs, romelic oponentebis azriT irRveoda,
wminda giorgi orive mimarTulebiT gamoisaxeba
da mTavaria ara is, Tu romel mxares aris Se-
brunebuli wmindani, aramed is rom igi saku-
rTxevlisaken unda iyos mimarTuli. qarTul
xatebSi mravlad gvxvdeba am mimarTulebiT
gamosaxuli wm. giorgi. ruseTis federacia moskovi

xirxonisi wm. giorgi X s. sakao X s. zugdidi XIX s.

asociaciis mier Sedgenil iqna saxelmwifo gerbis ramodenime varianti, Tumca erTxmad iqna
aRiarebuli, rom saqarTvelos mcire saxelmwifo gerbi unda yofiliyo wminda giorgis gamosaxulebiT.

20 heroldi #1 2012
 heraldika
swored am monacemebiT da aseTi dasabuTebebiT warvsdeqiT saxelmwifos mier gamocxadebul
konkursze. MCveni asociaciis wevrebis mier warmodgenili sakonkurso versiebi mxolod mxatvruli
gamomsaxvelobiTi saxiT da Sesrulebis xelweriT gansxvavdeboda, Sinaarsi ki ucvleli iyo.
ZiriTadad muSaoba warima-
rTa im mimarTulebiT, rom moZe-
bniliyo iseTi esTetiuri da mxa-
tvruli safuZvlebi, romliTac
SesaZlebeli iqneboda saqarTve-
los atributikis Rirseuli gamo-
saxva. Munda iTqvas, rom es sakmaod
rTuli procesi iyo, vinaidan
saqme exeboda saxelmwifo atri-
butikas da yovlad dauSvebeli
iyo araswori gadawyvetilebis
miReba.
mravalZalis wm girogis bareliefi XI s. konkursisaTvis mzadebis
periodSi yuradReba gamaxvilda mxedris _ wminda giorgis da faris warmomdgenebis _ lomebis
mxatvruli saxis SemuSavebaze.
wm. Ggiorgis mxatvrul gamosaxulebaze muSaoba warimarTa qarTuli
ikonografiis safuZvelze. jer kidev 1991 wels xelisuflebis TxovniT, Cveni
yuradReba miiqcia onis municipalitetis sofel mravalZalis wminda giorgis
saxelobis eklesiaze gamosaxul wminda giorgis bareliefma. rogorc cnobilia,
am bareliefze gveleSapi gamosaxulia vefxvis saxiT. prezidenti zviad
gamsaxurdia Tvlida, rom es iyo e. w. xalxuri wminda giorgis gamosaxuleba,
romelic warmoadgenda vefxistyaosanis, tarielis alegorias. Tavis droze
jer kidev 1991 wlis miwisZvramde, bareliefi adgilze SeviswavleT da vecadeT,
gveleSapis gamosaxuleba garkveulwilad gamogveyenebina. TviT wminda giorgis
gamosaxuleba, misi aRWurviloba damuSavebuli iqna labeWinas wminda giorgis
xatis mixedviT.
lomebi
labeWina XI s
yovelive zemoTqmulidan
gamomdinare, Tamamad SeiZleba
ganvacxadoT, rom wminda giorgis
gamosaxuleba Tavisi mxatvruli
saxiT qarTuli ikonografiisa da
heraldikis tradiciebze da-
yrdnobiT aris Seqmnili.
rac Seexeba lomebis gamosa-
xulebas, es metad mniSvnelovani
amocana iyo, vinaidan lomebis da-
dasavleT evropuli
xvewili gamosaxva, Tu SeiZleba
iTqvas, maTi pompezurobac ki gerbis mxatvrul saxes gaamTlianebda da srulyofils gaxdida. amave
dros, vecadeT, vaxuStiseuli mxatvruli memkvidreobiToba SegvenarCunebina, rac Zalze Znel
amocanas warmoadgenda, radgan Zvel gerbebSi gamoxatuli lomebi, rogorc esTetiurad, aseve

aRmosavleT evropuli istoriuli versiebi. Cveni SemoTavazeba

heroldi #1 2012 21
 heraldika
heraldikuradac Zalze gaumarTavi iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom dasavleT evropul gerbebSi gamoyenebuli
lomis gamosaxuleba metad dekoratiulia da igi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba aRmosavleTSi
gamoyenebuli figurebisagan. aRmosavleT evropaSi figurebis naturalurad, anu bunebrivad gamosaxva
ufroa miRebuli. sabolood, safuZvlad aviReT erekle II da giorgi XII droindel gerbebze gamosaxuli
lomebi. amave dros, davumateT garkveuli dekoratiuli elementebi qarTuli ornamentikidan da
gaviTvaliswineT heraldikaSi miRebuli lomis da misi sxeulis nawilebis gamosaxvis Taviseburebebi.
asociaciaSi Rrmad viyaviT darwmunebuli, rom sadevizo bafTaze warwera aucileblad
asomTavruliT unda yofiliyo gakeTebuli. Tumca, devizis Sesaxeb politikuri gadawyvetilebis
miRebis Sedegad, miviReT is rac dRes gvaqvs.
Kkonkursze gamarjvebuli proeqti specialistebis azriT, saukeTeso iyo Tavisi simboluri
datvirTviT. Tavs aRar SegawyenT im peripetiebiT, romelic mis damtkicebas moyva. Mmxolod is unda
aRvniSno, rom parlamentis mier gamarjvebuli gerbis proeqtis uaryofis Semdeg, iZulebulni gavxdiT
gerbis axal versiaze gvemuSava, romlis safuZvlad mcire gerbi iqna aRebuli da Sesabamisad, masze
mTavari sagerbe figura – mxedari wm. giorgi gamoisaxa.

konkursSi gamarjvebuli proeqti

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo gerbi

migvaCnia, rom konkursSi gamarjvebuli proeqti Tavisi koncefciiT, heraldikuri niSnebis

mravalferovnebiT da rac mTavaria, Sinaarsobrivad sruliad Seesabameboda saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos.
Tumca, is rac sabolood iqna miRebuli heraldikurad gamarTuli da daxvewilia da rac mTavaria,
igi samarTalmemkvidreobis gadmomcemia, im memkvidreobiTobis, romelic saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
gaaCnda damoukideblobis aRdgenamde. im istoriuli memkvidreobiTobis, romelic qarTvel xalxs erT
erad aerTianebs.
mamuka gongaZe

22 heroldi #1 2012
 heraldika
lomi da arwivi
winamdebare statiaSi Cven ar ganvixilavT heraldikis
zogad kanonebsa da terminologias, aramed zemoTqmuli dar-
gis or mniSvnelovan figuraze, lomsa da arwivze gavamax-
vilebT yuradRebas.
mogexsenebaT heraldika Sua saukuneebSi dasavleT evro-
paSi daibada da Camoyalibda. nimuSebi, romlebsac ukve Tama-
mad SegviZlia heraldikuri vuwodoT, mxolod XII saukunis Sua
wlebs miekuTvneba.
heraldikis xelovnebaSi gamoyenebuli yvela figura or jgufad iyofa. geometriuli formis
mqone figurebs _ jvrebs, Zelebs, nivnivebs, rombebs da a.S. pirvel xarisxovan heraldikur figurebs
uwodeben. yvela danarCens ki _ araheraldikur figurebs. es mxolod pirobiTi terminebia da
`araheraldikur~ figurebs sulac ar akninebs. am figuraTa Soris ki yvelaze xSirad swored lomi da
orbi gamoiyeneba.msoflios heraldikosTa umravlesoba Tvlis, rom erT-erTi pirveli fari, romelze
gamoxatul figurebsac heraldikuri SeiZleba vuwodoT, Jofrua plantagenetis 1155-60 wlebSi
Seqmnil saflavis mominanqrebul filazea gamosaxuli.
beri Jan de marmutie TxzulebaSi anJus istoriis Sesaxeb (1170-1180) gvauwyebs Jofrua
plantagenetis (anJusa da menis konti, normandiis mTavari Jofrua, inglisis pirveli plantageneti
mefe henri II-is mama da cnobili jvarosnisa da meomris, inglisis mefis riCard I
lomgulis papa iyo) 1128 w. ruanSi raindad kurTxevis ceremonialis Sesaxeb,
romelic misi inglisis mefe henri I-is asul matildasTan qorwinebamde erTi
kviriT adre Sedga. TxzulebaSi naTqvamia, rom henrim sasiZos eqvs oqros lomiani
laJvardovani fari Camohkida kiserze. xSirad am faqts miiCneven sagerbo faris
pirvel aRwerad da amgvarad heraldikis pirvel moxseniebad. Jofruas saflavis
(+1151) mominanqrebuli fini axlac SegviZlia vixiloT menis (safrangeTi)
kaTedralis muzeumSi, igi dReisaTvis heraldikis uZveles ferad nimuSs
warmoadgens. identuri faria gamosaxuli Jofruas nabuSari SviliSvilis,
solzberis erlis uiliam longspis saflavze (+1226 solzberis kaTedrali).
aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleba iTqvas, rom farma STamomavlobiTi mniSvneloba
SeiZina.
Tavidan gerbebis kompozicias umetesad Tavad raindebi igonebdnen, Tumca
aris SemTxvevebi (zemoT aRniSnulis CaTvliT), rodesac rainds gerbs iera-
rqiulad maRla mdgomi seniori uboZebda, an sabrZolo Rirsebis aRsaniSnavad
mianiWebdnen.
Tavidan, ise rogorc Jofrua plantagenetis farze, lomi mxolod yalyze
Jofrua plantagenetis mdgomi gamoisaxeboda. am faqts heraldikosebi XII saukuneSi, egreTwodebuli
saflavis fila
normanuli, anu zemodan qvemoT Seviwroebuli ovalis formis mqone faris
farTo gavrcelebiT xsnian da Tvlian, rom vinaidan am formis farze oTx fexze
mdgomi lomis horizontalurad gamosaxva rTuli iqneboda, loms yalyze mdgoms
amitomac xatavdnen. droTa ganmavlobaSi oTx fexze mdgomi lomis gamosaxvac
daiwyes. ase ukve oTx fexze
mdgomi sami lomia gamosa-
xuli Jofrua plantagenetis
SviliSvilis riCard I lo-
mgulis gerbze. amis Semdeg es
kompozicia aRar Secvlila
da dRemde warmoadgens ing-
lisis gerbs. britaneTis kun-
Zulebze oTx fexze mdgom da
anfasSi drunCSemotriale-
bul lomebs `moguSage lome-
riCard I lomguli bad~ moixsenieben, konti-
nentur evropaSi ki amgvarad
gamosaxul loms leopards uwodeben. aRsaniSnavia uiliam longspis saflavi
isic, rom aseTi heraldikuri leopardi lomisgan arafriT gansxvavdeba da oTx fexze mdgomi lomis
amsaxvel teqnikur termins warmoadgens.

heroldi #1 2012 41
 heraldika

lomi
loms samarTlianad Tvlian cxovelTa mefed. igi
ganasaxierebs simamaces, sidiadesa da siZlieres. aseve lomi
aris sifxizlis simbolo, vinaidan Zvelebis TqmiT mas ara-
sdros sZinavs. igi miCneulia `mzis cxovelad~, radgan `mzec
arasdros xuWavs manaTobel Tvals~. rogorc aRvniSneT, lomi
arwivTan erTad yvelaze gavrcelebuli araheraldikuri
simboloa. qristiastianul emblematikaSi lomi wminda markoz
maxarobels warmoadgens da rogorc `iudas tomis loms~ Tavad
qristesac. heraldikaSi igi garegnuli msgavsebiT cecxlTa-
nac asocirdeba. farze gamosaxuli, yalyze mdgomi, enaga-
moyofili da zurgisken kudmitrialebuli lomis gamosaxu-
leba, mis absolutur mdgomareobas warmoadgens.
flamandiis grafi XIII s.
leopardi
leopardi, Zveli gadmocemiT lomisa da panteris Sejvarebis
Sedegadaa gaCenili da misi saxelic swored amas miuTiTebs. iTvle-
boda, rom leopardebi mamac da sulgrZel meomrebs warmoadgenden.
rogorc zeviT aRvniSneT, heraldikuri lomi da leopardi erTma-
neTisagan arafriT gansxvavdeba _ leopardi ewodeba oTx fexze
mimaval, mayureblisaken Tavmotrialebul loms. Tuki leopardis
Tavi profilSia gamosaxuli, mas lomisebri leopardi ewodeba da le-
opardsac Tu igi lomis mdgomareobaSia (ukana fexebze aRmarTuli),
leopardisebri lomi. gamonakliss britaneTis kunZulebi warmo-
adgens, sadac inglisuri tradiciis mixedviT, leopards `moguSage~
an `guSagad maval~ loms uwodeben.
Sua saukuneebSi lomi gamosaxuli iyo bohemiis, leonis,
somxeTis (kilikiis samefo), kviprosis, norvegiis, Sotlandiis
mefeebis, burgundiis, brabantis mTavrebis, flamandiis grafis,
Sotlandiis mefe aleqsandre II–is sagerbo farebze. leopardebi ki inglisis garda daniis samefo gerbs
(1198-1249) didi saxelmwifo beWedi amSvenebda. mogvianebiT lomi niderlandebis, belgiisa da bulga-
reTis samefoebis, xolo leopardebi estoneTisa da fineTis gerbebzec daitanes. damoukideblobis
gamocxadebis Semdeg ki afrikis qveynebis mTelma rigma, farismtvirTvelebad lomi gamoiyena.
bagrationebis gerbma erekle II-is 1785 w. sigelidan lomma da
heraldikurma leopardma aristokratiis yvela fenaSi SeaRwies da
dResac mravali evropeli aznauris sagerbo farze waawydebiT maT.
mogvianebiT lomma da leopardisebrma lomma heraldikuri farismtvi-
rTvelis sapatio funqciac SeiTvises da dResac msoflio teritoriuli
Tu sagvareulo heraldikis yvelaze gavrcelebul farismtvirTvelebs
warmoadgenen.
ruseTis imperiaSi ganaTlebul da brwyinvale Tavadebs, grafebs,
baronebsa da Zveli warmoSobis aznaurebs (saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi
samefo, anu taxtis aznaurebs) farismtvirTve-
lebad lomebis gamoyenebis neba hqondaT da-
rTuli.
qarTuli samefoebis (qarTli, kaxeTi,
qarTl-kaxeTi, imereTi) gerbebis farismtvir-
Tvelebadac yovelTvis lomebi gvevlineba da mariam I stuartis (1542 – 1587)
didi saxelmwifo beWedi
dRevandeli saqarTvelos did saxelmwifo ger-
bSi farismtvirTvelebi isev lomebi arian. leopardia (mjdomare lomi)
gamosaxuli vaxuSti batoniSviliseul qarTlis gerbze (xarTan erTad) da XIX
saukunis guriis samTavros gerbzec. warCinebul qarTvelTa gerbebSi ki lomi
gvxvdeba Tavadebis _ abameliqebis, arRuTaSvilebis, baraTaSvilebis,
vaxtang VI-is (1675 -1737) gerbi
kavkasiZeebis (kalatoziSvilebi), orbelianebis, ratiSvilebis, sumbaTaSvi-
lebis (erT versiaSi lomicaa gamoxatuli da leopardic), wereTlebis, wulu-
kiZeebis, javaxiSvilebis, aznauri da grafi loris-meliqiSvilebis, gerbebSi.
42 heroldi #1 2012

solomon II-is (1772-1815) gerbi
bohemiis samefos gerbi XIX s
Tanamedrove somxeTis gerbis farismtvirTveli lomi ki Zveli axlo aRmosavleTis lapidaruli
gamosaxulebebis mixedviTaa Seqmnili da kargi naxatis miuxedavad heraldikurisagan Sors dgas.
heraldika
heraldikis dabadebis xanaSi evropaSi xelovnebis romanuli
stili iyo gavrcelebuli da bunebrivia, rom pirveli gerbebic, maT
Soris Jofrua plantagenetis mominanqrebuli fini swored romanuli
xelovnebis nimuSebs warmoadgens. Tumca heraldikis gamoyenebam
umaRles wertils mogvianebiT, ukve gotikuri xelovnebis zeobis
xanaSi miaRwia. am dros heraldika yovlismomcveli xdeba da hera-
ldikis saukeTeso nimuSebic swored am epoqas ekuTvnis. dasavleT
evropaSi heraldikuri naxati axlac umetesad gotikuri stiliT
sruldeba da arc lomia gamonaklisi. dasavleT evropuli lomebi
axlac Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis gadmonaSTebi arian da magaliTad
skandinaviis qveynebSi aragotikuri stiliT gerbis daxatva da-
uSvebladac ki miaCniaT.
sxvagvaradaa saqme aRmosavleT evropis zog qveyanaSi, maT
Soris saqarTveloSic. am regionis qveynebs heraldikis sawyisi etapi,
farze gerbis gamosaxva ar gauvliaT da heraldikam aq mogvianebiT im
periodSi SemoaRwia, rodesac
gerbs mxolod simboluri, deko-
ratiuli funqcia hqonda Senar-
Cunebuli. saqarTveloSi swored
aseTi gerbebi gavrcelda da er-
ekle II-is mefobis droindel sa-
xelmwifo gerbebze gamosaxuli
qarTuli heraldikuri lomebic
ufro barokuli xelovnebis
nimuSebs warmoadgens. Taname-
drove bulgareTSi, rumineTSi,
ruseTsa da saqarTveloSi aris
imis mcdelobebi, rom naxatis
stili erovnul tradicias Seu-
sadagon. zemoTqmulis nimuSia
dRevandeli saqarTvelos didi
saxelmwifo gerbis farismtvir-
Tveli lomebi, romelTa mxa-
tvruli Sesruleba evropuli hesenis gerbi XIXs.
heraldikis kanonebis dacviT, qarTul-bizantiur tradiciasac
iTvaliswinebs. aseve tradiciulis da dasavleTevropulis
SerwymiTaa miRebuli bulgareTis saxelmwifo gerbis lomebic.

arwivi

lingvistebis azriT sityva arwivi xuritul-urartulidan nasesxebi unda iyos. isic sainteresoa,
rom saqarTveloSi arsad gvxdeba dasaxlebuli punqti Tu adgili, romelsac arwiveTi erqmeva, magram
bevria orbeTi da Cvenc swored orbi migvaCnia arwivis ufro Zvel qarTul Sesatyvisad.
Tumca qarTuli heraldikuri terminologia (jer Tanamedrove qarTuli heraldikuri arwivi)
Camoyalibebis stadiaSia da sabolood romeli termini damkvidrdeba, dReisaTvis naTeli ar aris.
amitomac statiaSi vixmarT termins `arwivi ~. xeTuri arwivi anatolia Z.w. II aTaswleuli arwivi, iseve
rogorc lomi, samefo arsebaa. orTaviani arwivis uZveles gamosaxulebebs qristeSobamde II
aTaswleuliT daTariRebul xeTur reliefebze waawydebiT. iTvleba, rom arwivi romis respublikis
simbolod pirvelad gaius mariusis konsulobis dros, qristes Sobamde 102 wels gamoiyenes. romis
imperiis dros arwivi ukve imperiasa da uzenaesobas aRniSnavda.
gadmocemis mixedviT, arsebobs arwivis eqvsi saxeoba, magram Aquila chrysaetus-ad (mTis arwivi)
wodebuli maT Soris yvelaze warCinebuli da msubuqi sxeulis mqonea, rasac misi berZnuli
saxelwodebac miuTiTebs. arwivi uzenaesobis, siZlierisa da samefo brwyinvalebis simboloa.

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elinistur samyaroSi igi zevsis simbolos warmoadgenda. arwivis heraldikuri

maxasiaTeblebi ZiriTadad emTxveva lomisas. es frinveli sifxizlisa da Zalis
emblemaa da qristianul simbolikaSi wminda ioane maxarobels Seesabameba.
wminda ioanes arwivi TeTri (heraldikaSi vercxlis) ferisaa, xolo imperiebis
arwivebi ufro Savia (sevadi). magram aris gansxvavebebic. adgilmdebareoba _
lomi miwazea, arwivi ki _ caSi.
lomi ZiriTadad samefos simboloa, xolo arwivi _ romis imperiis
`memkvidre~ imperiebisa (bizantia, ruseTi da germania-avstria). anfasSi
gamosaxuli da farTod frTebgaSlili, marjvniv TavSetrialebuli (mayure-
erekle II-is (1720-1798)
blisTvis marcxniv) arwivis gamosaxuleba mis absolutur mdgomareobas sakabineto gerbi
warmoadgens, Tumca arwivs sxva mdgomareobaSic gamosaxaven. arwivs
xSirad amkoben gvirgviniT.
dResac igi bevr saxelmwifo gerbSi gvxdeba. mag.: poloneTis,
avstriis, germaniis, SeerTebuli Statebis, meqsikis, CexeTis (aqve
aRvniSnavT imasac, rom CexeTis oTx nawilad gayofili sagerbo faris
pirvel da meoTxe velebze bohemiis vercxlis lomebia moTavsebuli,
xolo meore da mesame velebze ki moraviis da sileziis aRmniSvneli
erTTaviani arwivebi) . orTaviani arwivebi gamosaxulia serbeTis,
Cernogoriis, ruseTis, somxeTisa da albaneTis gerbebze.
aleqsi III komnenosi da Teodora kantakuzena _ pirveli
heraldikurad gamarTuli orTaviani arwivi, aRmosavleT romisa da
karlos didis dros aRdgenili dasavleT romis imperiebis Sua
saukuneebis gerbebze gaCnda. maTgan yvelaze adreulad aRmosavleT
romis imperatorebis paleologosebis mmarTvelobis dros
bagrationebis gerbi
arsebuli orTava arwivis gamosaxulebas miiCneven. gamomdinare im erekle II-is 1785 w. sigelidan
faqtidan, rom orive saxelmwifo romis imperiis memkvidred, xolo
bizantiis SemTxvevaSi uwyvet gamgrZeleblad Tvlida Tavs, es gasakviri ar unda iyos, vinaidan swored
romaelebi xmarobdnen arwivian standarts. oRond bizantiamac da romis saRvTo imperiamac Zveli
romis erTTaviani arwivi orTavianiT Secvales.
CvenTvis Zalze sainteresoa trapizonis imperiaSi Seqmnili, 1374
wliT daTariRebuli sigelis miniatura, romelzec saqarTvelos mefis
bagrat V-is meuRlis dedofal anas mSoblebi _ imperatori aleqsi III
komnenosi da misi Tanamecxedre Teodora kantakuzena arian gamosaxulni.
paleologebis arwivi mkerdze gamosaxuli sadinastio xelrTviT XIV s.
manuskripti trapizonis dedoflis mewamuli samoseli oqros orTaviani
arwivebiTaa mofenili. mogvianebiT germanelma mxatvrebma arwivs frTebi
ufro maRla auwies da dResac swored aseTi heraldikuri naxati iTvleba
klasikurad. saerTod aRsaniSnavia isic, rom heraldikis xelovnebaSi
germanulma saxelmwifoebma yvelaze did ganviTarebas miaRwies da
miuxedavad imisa, rom dRes am kulturis memkvidreebiG germania, avstria
braunSveig-lineburgis da CexeTi (bohemia-moravia) respublikebs warmoadgens, isini aramc Tu ar
samTavros gerbi XIXs.
Camouvardebian Tanamedrove monarqiebs, aramed bevr SemTxvevaSi, maTze
ufro gamarTul heraldikuri xelovnebis axal nimuSebsac qmnian.

muxranbatonis saflavis daniis mefis knut VI-is didis

qva sveticxovlidan XIX s. saxelmwifo beWedi 1190 iani w. daniis mcire saxelmwifo gerbi

44 heroldi #1 2012
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erTTaviani TeTri arwivia gamosaxuli poloneTis
gerbzec. am gerbs Zveli warmoSoba aqvs da poloneTis
pirveli samefo dinastiis piastebis arwivis saxeliT
moixsenieba. sainteresoa ruseTis arwivis istoriac. 1453
wels konstantinopoli daeca da aRmosavleT romis
imperiam arseboba Sewyvita. moskovis didma mTavarma
ivane III-m (1440-1505), romelic 1472w. aRmosavleT romis
ukanaskneli imperatoris konstantine XI-is Zmis Svilze
sofio (zoe) paleologinaze daqorwinda, Tavi imperiis
kanonier memkvidred gamoacxada da tituli `car~ (kei-
sari rusulad) miiTvisa. Sedegad bizantiuri orTaviani
arwiviT Secvales moskovis samTavros gerbi, romelsac
manamde mxedari warmoadgenda da mxedari (romelic
xeTuri arwivi anatolia Zv.w. II aTaswleuli mogvianebiT wm. giorgiT Secvales) arwivis gulze
moaTavses. titulis aseT usircxvilo uzurpacias
maSindeli evropis qveynebi ar Seurigdnen da ruseTis
xelmwifes imperatorad TiTqmis arasdros moi-
xseniebdnen (mas sxva enebzec `cars~ uwodebdnen).
arc Tanamedrove ru-
seTisTvisaa ucxo heraldi-
kuri uzurpacia. ase maga-
liTad, ruseTis imperiis
gerbs warmoadgenda oqros
farze moTavsebuli sevadi
(Savi) arwivi. 1990-ian wle-
bSi Seqmnili gerbis naxati
Tbilisis sionis sakaTedro ki mewamul (wiTel) farze
taZris reliefi 1710 w. moTavsebuli oqros arwivi
bizantiis, anu aRmosavleT
romis ferebs imeorebs. gvinda avRni-
SnoT isic, rom gerbis naxati da he-
raldikuri gamosaxva unakloa, magram
gerbis heraldikuri wakiTxvidan
gamomdinare, SeiZleba CavTvaloT,
rom ruseTs pretenzia aqvs yvela im
teritoriaze, romelic odesme Sedi-
oda aRmosavleT romis imperiis Sema- paleologebis arwivi mkerdze
gamosaxuli sadinastio xelrTviT
dgenlobaSi. anu italiaze, espaneTis XIV s. xelnaweridan
nawilze, mTel balkaneTze, Crdilo-
eT afrikisa da axlo aRmosavleTis
nawilze. ruseTis Tanamedrove gerbi
naTeli magaliTia Aimisa, Tu ra absu-
rdamde SeiZleba migviyvanos hera-
ldikis teritoriuli kanonebis ugu-
lebelyofam.
saqarTveloSi ki arwivi vaxtang
VI gerbze gvxvdeba. erTTaviani da
orTaviani arwivebia gamosaxuli Tbi-
lisis sionis sakaTedro taZris fasa-
dze. amave periodis ninowmindis si-
paveza (qveiTTa fari) gelze daxatuli arwivi, bizantiuri
XIV s. centraluri evropa
saxisaa, anu mas frTebi CamoSvebuli
aqvs da brWyalebSi palmis rto da maxvili upyria.…
aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT isic, rom patara da sust saqarTvelos wminda romis imperiis gerbi
mefeebs ufro hqondaT orTaviani saimperio arwivis gamosaxvis ufleba, 1540-iani wlebis xelnaweridan

vidre didi da Zlieri ruseTisas. mniSvnelovania im faqtis gaxseneba, rom giorgi II-es misi dis _ marTa
mariamis meuRlem, bizantiis imperatorma… nikifore III botaniatem 1181 wels keisris tituli uboZa

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(berZnulad kesarosi_am droisaTvis mxolod yvelaze sapatio bizantiur tituls warmoadgenda. am
tituls imperatoris ojaxis wevrebs da zog ucxoel monarqs aniWebdnen. Tumca, romis Zveli
tradiciidan gamomdinare, tituli mainc avgustus-basilevss daqvemdebarebul Tanaimperators
aRniSnavda). manade 812 w. bizantiam keisris tituli uboZa karlos dids, romelic 800 wels romSi ukve
damoukideblad ekurTxa imperatorad. keisris tituli naboZebi hqonda bulgareTis mefesac. swored
amitom iyo, rom ruseTis imperia saqarTvelosa da bulgareTis mefeebs `carebad~ moixseniebda, xolo
aseve marTlmadidebeli rumineTisa da serbeTis mefeebs ki _ ufro dabali titulis gamoyenebiT
`karolebad~.

serbeTi montenegro somxeTi

qarTvelTa Soris arwivi gvxvdeba

Tavadebis avaliSvilebis, andro-
nikaSvilebis (maTi gerbis erT-erT
variantSi erTTaviani arwivicaa
gamosaxuli da orTavianic), arRu-
TaSvilebis, bebuTaSvilebis, sumba-
TaSvilebis, grafi kutaisovebis
(kikian-kiknaZeebi) gerbebSi. ruseTis
saimperatoro arwivi ki Setanili iyo
qarTl-kaxeTis did saxelmwifo
gerbSi.
sainteresoa is faqtic, rom he-
raldikuri lomi da arwivi erTmane-
Tis metoqeebs da mowinaaRmdegeebs
ruseTi albaneTi warmoadgenen. im qveynebSi, sadac
gerbebze ufro lomis gamosaxva iyo
garcelebuli, arwivi TiTqmis ar
gvxvdeba da piriqiT. istoriulad ise
Camoyalibda, rom arwivi ufro impe-
riis simboloa, xolo lomi ki _ sa-
mefosi. asea Tu ise, orive figuras
heraldikaSi Zalze mniSvnelovani da
sapatio adgili miekuTvneba.

germania CexeTi zaqaria kiknaZe

46 heroldi #1 2012
 samxedro simbolika
heraldikis Camoyalibebisa da misi ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani faqtori samxedro saqmea. nebismieri heraldikuri simbolos
mTavari daniSnuleba misi mflobelis identifikaciaa. amas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba qveynis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi, rogorc mebrZoli
sulis CamoyalibebisaTvis, ise mxedaris moraluri simtkicisaTvis. es simboloebi aucileblad unda gadmocemdes qveynis ZiriTad
kulturul da saxelmwifoebriv Rirebulebebs. 1919 wels saqarTveloSi gaCnda pirveli uniformebi da ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi,Seiqmna
kanoni sadac dawvrilebiT iqna gawerili sajariso saxeobebis emblemebi, uniformis feri da a.S. Tumca, gancdili marcxis da Semdgomi
okupaciis gamo am sakiTxis ganviTareba didi xniT SeCerda.
1991 wels damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdgom xelisuflebis iniciativiT am mimarTulebiT muSaoba ganaxlda. dagegmili
iyo, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis danayofebs hqonodaT axali uniformebi, aseve sakuTari emblemebi da samxedro
wodebis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi,samxreebi, romlebic dakavSirebuli iqneboda imdroindel saxelmwifo simbolikasTan. samwuxarod,
yvelasTvis cnobili politikuri movlenebis gamo maTi praqtikaSi danergva ver moxerxda da mxolod proeqtebad darCa.
“heroldi”” 20 wlis Semdeg gTavazobT damoukideblobis pirvel wlebSi saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli ZalebisTvis Seqmnili
uniformebis, emblemebisa da samxedro wodebis ganmasxvevebeli niSnebis eskizebs. (avtorebi: m. mayaSvili, m. gongaZe).

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desanti

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