Advance Anatomy & Physiology (SMSOO23) : Diploma in Medical Assistant

ADVANCE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY SMS0023
FERTILIZATION
Shamsul Kamal bin Shamsuddin
Diploma in Medical Assistant
COHORT 7
ADVANCE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

(SMSOO23)
STUDENT NAME : Shamsul Kamal Bin Shamsuddin

STUDENT ID : 012010051577
LECTURER NAME : Mr. Ghazlizar Bin Ghazali
BATCH/INTAKE : 201005 (05) DMA-F-2014
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 5th November 2010
FERTILIZATION
1
FERTILIZATION
OBJECTIVES
 UNDERSTANDING CONCEPTS AND FERTILIZATION PROCESS
 ELABORATES ON FERTILIZATION PROCESS
 ELOBORATES ON FETUS DEVELOPMENT
2
FERTILIZATION
Sperm voyage
 During ovulation, ovum being formed by ovary with only one intention which is
to stay in fallopian tube for the ultimate purpose of fertilization.
 Within 4 days trip to uterus, ovum must be fertilized by sperm before it
dies.
 Sperms that been ejaculated during coitus will remains in the cervix even
only it just a few minutes after coitus take place.
 In order to succeed the fertilization process, sperms must be ejaculate in a
large volume of numbers. Because the probability of sperms will die on the
way to meet ovum is high.
3
FERTILIZATION
 In 5cm3 consists of 500 millions of sperms.
 Sperms that ejaculated during coitus in vagina must speed up move to cervix
to be in fundus uterus to be able to get through the fallopian tube in support
of fertilization.
 On the journey to fallopian tube spermatozoon will go through final maturity
state called capacitation.
 Capacitation is the process whereby the spermatozoon, undergoes series of
changes that lead it into the ability to fertilize, this happen when the
spermatozoon reaches the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
4
FERTILIZATION
 Process where sperm gain the "capacity" to fertilize the egg and Occurs in
the female reproductive tract
 “Decapacitation factor” coating added to sperm in the epididymis, must be
removed in the female tract
 Capacitation involves removal of this factor by compounds secreted from the
uterine environment
 Gives sperm capacity to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuse with
the vitelline membrane (oocyte plasma membrane)
 Time required completing ranges from minutes to hours
5
FERTILIZATION
After Capacitation
 Spermatozoon cilia(tail) will change from ‘wavelike’ to ‘whiplike’ so that
the sperm can swim faster towards it destination.
 Spermatozoon also goes through special reaction called Acrosome
Reaction.
 Acrosome/Acrosomal reaction according to Mosby’s Pocket Dictionary
6th edition is the pattern of various chemical changes that occur in the
anterior of the head of the spermatozoon in response to contact with the
ovum and that lead to the sperm’s penetration and fertilization of the
ovum.
6
FERTILIZATION
SPERM’S PENETRATION
 Sperm’s penetration is a series of events that results in the
combination of the haploid genomes of the sperm and egg resulting
in the formation of a Zygote.
 1st step is the acrosome reaction and It can divided into two steps:
 Fusion of sperm plasma membrane and outer acrosomal
membrane, subsequently fusionof the two membrane leads to
‘Vesiculation’
 During vesiculation holes has develop at the point of fusion, so that
Acrosomal enzymes can freely leak out.
o The utmost important acrosomal enzymesis the
‘Hyaluronodase’;that being used to breaks down
‘hyaluronic’ acids which hold cumulus mass cell together.
o Secondly is the ‘Acrosin enzymes’ that digests the zona
pellucid thereby sperm penetrate in the ‘Zona pellucida’
7
FERTILIZATION
 After the reaction, the vesicles are sloughed, leaving in the inner
acrosomal membrane and the equatorial segment intact.
FERTILIZATION PROGRESSION
 Fertilization can be described when male gamete and female gamete
merge/unite to form a zygote from which embryo develops.
 The process usually take place/happen in the outer ⅟3 of the fallopian
tube of the female when spermatozoon (male gamete),
carried(ejaculated) in the seminal fluid discharged during the coitus,
come in contact with and penetrates the matured ovum(female
gamete) otherwise known as egg for reproductive system in female
body.
 The unification will occur in the fallopian tube less than 24 hours
after the coitus (sexual intercourse).
 After the unification of the two gametes zygote will drawn to inferior
(lower) of the fallopian tube by peristaltic contraction.
8
FERTILIZATION
 It takes almost three (3) days for the zygote to exit from the
fallopian tube to enter the Uterus.
 Throughout blastomere stage (zygote will expanded within the uterus)
will stayed in free condition within 2 to 4 days before implantation
take place (usually after 7 days of unification).
 Zygote will be receiving nutrients from ‘endometrium secretion glands
known as ‘uterine milk’
 Implantation will go on when thropoblast (cell-cell that surrounded
blastocist) established direct contact with the endometrium.
 This will enable the blastocist to attached itself to the endometrium,
consequences of the enzymes release by thropoblast will disintegrate
the endometrium wall to make the process of blastocist dropdown into
the endometrium.
 The placenta development will eventually follow after it and this is to
continue fetus growth.
 There were several cases whereby matured ovum that been fertilize
did not make way down to uterus but continually growth in the
fallopian tube or got attached/glued to peritoneum
9
FERTILIZATION
 These situations are known by ‘Ectopic Pregnancy’ or pregnancy
outside womb.
 One of the serious emergency conditions for pregnant mother and
need to undergo operation immediately.
FETUS DEVELOPMENT
 As soon as blastocist obscured within endometrium, Placenta
development will started for the purpose of supplying nutrients, bloods,
and hormones to the fetus.
 There’s three (3) stages of fetus development:
 Pre-embryonic
First stage, whereby the zygote grows through mitosis
process pertaining the formation of 2 genetically
identical daughter cell. (Containing diploid number of
chromosomes characteristic of the species). Then the
fetus is precipitated to uterus wall.
10
FERTILIZATION
 Embryonic
 Second stage will took place approximately five (5) and
half (⅟2 ) weeks, ‘foetus’ is known as embryo where organ-
organ is assemble to develop system.
 Fetus
 Start from eight month of pregnancy till delivery of the
baby (child), foetus will be known as fetus
 Body organs become more visible such legs, hands, face
where it will took time to fully develop till thirty (30)
weeks until the last weeks of pregnancy
(delivery,labour,birth).
11
FERTILIZATION
CONCLUSIONS
Human population in this world can be correlated with the success of fertilization
process. In order to accomplished successful fertilization we should take a good
care of ourselves by living in healthy way and maintaining good environment to live
on. As a conclusions fertilization is devotion of love by ours parent and ancestor.
12
FERTILIZATION
REFERENCES
I. Ross & Wilson Basic Anatomy and Physiology 12th edition.

Elseviers Churchill Livingstone
II. Tortora Anatomy and Physiology

John Wiley Publication
III. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_fertilization
13

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ADVANCE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY SMS0023

Diploma in Medical Assistant

ADVANCE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

STUDENT NAME : Shamsul Kamal Bin Shamsuddin

 UNDERSTANDING CONCEPTS AND FERTILIZATION PROCESS

 ELABORATES ON FERTILIZATION PROCESS

 ELOBORATES ON FETUS DEVELOPMENT

to stay in fallopian tube for the ultimate purpose of fertilization.

 Within 4 days trip to uterus, ovum must be fertilized by sperm before it

only it just a few minutes after coitus take place.

 In order to succeed the fertilization process, sperms must be ejaculate in a

way to meet ovum is high.

 In 5cm3 consists of 500 millions of sperms.

to be in fundus uterus to be able to get through the fallopian tube in support

 On the journey to fallopian tube spermatozoon will go through final maturity

state called capacitation.

 Capacitation is the process whereby the spermatozoon, undergoes series of

spermatozoon reaches the ampulla of the fallopian tube.

the female reproductive tract

 “Decapacitation factor” coating added to sperm in the epididymis, must be

removed in the female tract

 Capacitation involves removal of this factor by compounds secreted from the

the vitelline membrane (oocyte plasma membrane)

 Time required completing ranges from minutes to hours

 Spermatozoon cilia(tail) will change from ‘wavelike’ to ‘whiplike’ so that

the sperm can swim faster towards it destination.

 Spermatozoon also goes through special reaction called Acrosome

 Acrosome/Acrosomal reaction according to Mosby’s Pocket Dictionary

anterior of the head of the spermatozoon in response to contact with the

 Sperm’s penetration is a series of events that results in the

combination of the haploid genomes of the sperm and egg resulting

in the formation of a Zygote.

 Fusion of sperm plasma membrane and outer acrosomal

membrane, subsequently fusionof the two membrane leads to

 During vesiculation holes has develop at the point of fusion, so that

Acrosomal enzymes can freely leak out.

o The utmost important acrosomal enzymesis the

‘Hyaluronodase’;that being used to breaks down

‘hyaluronic’ acids which hold cumulus mass cell together.

o Secondly is the ‘Acrosin enzymes’ that digests the zona

pellucid thereby sperm penetrate in the ‘Zona pellucida’

acrosomal membrane and the equatorial segment intact.

 Fertilization can be described when male gamete and female gamete

merge/unite to form a zygote from which embryo develops.

 The process usually take place/happen in the outer ⅟3 of the fallopian

tube of the female when spermatozoon (male gamete),

carried(ejaculated) in the seminal fluid discharged during the coitus,

come in contact with and penetrates the matured ovum(female

gamete) otherwise known as egg for reproductive system in female

after the coitus (sexual intercourse).

(lower) of the fallopian tube by peristaltic contraction.

fallopian tube to enter the Uterus.

 Throughout blastomere stage (zygote will expanded within the uterus)

will stayed in free condition within 2 to 4 days before implantation

take place (usually after 7 days of unification).

 Zygote will be receiving nutrients from ‘endometrium secretion glands

known as ‘uterine milk’

 Implantation will go on when thropoblast (cell-cell that surrounded

blastocist) established direct contact with the endometrium.

 This will enable the blastocist to attached itself to the endometrium,

consequences of the enzymes release by thropoblast will disintegrate

the endometrium wall to make the process of blastocist dropdown into

 The placenta development will eventually follow after it and this is to