Review Exercises for Chapter 10 503

  102. 0 ≤  ≤ 2 104. 0 ≤  ≤ 2
100.  ≤  ≤
2 2
2 ≤ r ≤ 4  
0 ≤ r ≤ 3 ≤  ≤
z 2 ≤ r 2  6r  8 4 2
0 ≤ z ≤ r cos  0 ≤  ≤ 1
z
z
4 z
4 3

3 2
−5

−4 5 y −2
5 −2
x
4 y
4 y
x 2
2
x

106. Cylindrical: 0.75 ≤ r ≤ 1.25, z  8

108. Cylindrical z 110.   2 sec  ⇒  cos   2 ⇒ z  2 plane

≤ r ≤ 3
1
2
4
  4 sphere
0 ≤  ≤ 2 The intersection of the plane and the sphere is a circle.
 9  r2 ≤ z ≤ 9  r2 −4

4 y
x

−4

Review Exercises for Chapter 10

1 1
2. P  2, 1, Q  5, 1 R  2, 4 4. v  v cos  i  v sin  j  cos 225 i  sin 225 j
\ \
2 2
(a) u  PQ  7, 0  7i, v  PR  4, 5  4i  5j
2 2
 i j
(b) v  42  52  41 4 4
(c) 2u  v  14i  4i  5j  18i  5j

6. (a) The length of cable POQ is L. y

OQ  9i  yj
O
x

 L2 −9 9
L  292  y2 ⇒  81  y
4
\
θ
Tension: T  c  OQ   c81  y 2 P Q
500 lb
Also,
18 in.
250 250 L 250L
cy  250 ⇒ T 
81  y 2 ⇒ T 
2
y L24  81 L2  324
Domain: L > 18 inches
(b)
L 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

T 780.9 573.54 485.36 434.81 401.60 377.96 360.24

(c) 1000 (d) The line T  400 intersects the (e) lim T  250
L→ 
curve at
The maximum tension is 250
L  23.06 inches. pounds in each side of the cable
since the total weight is 500 pounds.
18 25
0
504 Chapter 10 Vectors and the Geometry of Space

8. x  z  0, y  7: 0, 7, 0 10. Looking towards the xy-plane from the positive z-axis.
The point is either in the second quadrant x < 0, y > 0
or in the fourth quadrant x > 0, y < 0. The z-coordinate
can be any number.

12. Center: 0 2 4, 0 2 6, 4 2 0
 2, 3, 2
Radius: 2  02  3  02  2  42  4  9  4  17
x  22  y  32  z  22  17

z
14. x2  10x  25   y 2  6y  9  z 2  4z  4  34  25  9  4
x  52   y  32  z  22  4 6

4
Center: 5, 3, 2
2
Radius: 2
2 y
4
6
8
x

16. v  3  6, 3  2, 8  0  3, 5, 8 18. v  8  5, 5  4, 5  7  3, 1, 2

z
w  11  5, 6  4, 3  7  6, 10, 4
(3, −3, 8) 8
7 Since v and w are not parallel, the points do not lie in a
6
5 straight line.
4
v 3
2
1
1
2 1
3 y
4
5
6
x (6, 2, 0)

20. 8
6, 3, 2
49
8
 6, 3, 2 
7
48 24 16
7
, ,
7 7
  22. P  2, 1, 3, Q  0, 5, 1, R  5, 5, 0
\

(a) u  PQ  2, 6, 2  2i  6j  2k,

\

v  PR  3, 6, 3  3i  6j  3k
(b) u
v  23  66  23  36
(c) v
v  9  36  9  54

24. u  4, 3, 6, v  16, 12, 24 26. u  4, 1, 5, v  3, 2, 2
Since v  4u, the vectors are parallel. u
v0 ⇒ is orthogonal to v.


2

30. W  F
PQ  F PQ  cos   758cos 30
\ \

28. u  1, 0, 3

v  2, 2, 1  3003 ft
lb

u
v  1
u  10
v  3

cos   u
v  1
u v 310
 83.9
 Review Exercises for Chapter 10 505

< > < >

In Exercises 32–40, u  3, 2, 1 , v  2, 4, 3 , w  1, 2, 2 .< >
32. cos   u
v  11
34. Work  u 
w  3  4  2  5
u v 1429

  arccos 141129
56.9

i
36. u  v  3
2   j
2
4
k
1  10i  11j  8k
3

i
vu 2
3   j
4
2
Thus, u  v   v  u.
k
3  10i  11j  8k
1

i
38. u  v  w  3, 2, 1  1, 2, 1  3
  j
2
2
k
1  4i  4j  4k
1

 
1
i j k
uv 3 2 1  10i  11j  8k
4 3

 
2
i j k
uw 3 2 1  6i  7j  4k
1 2 2
u  v  u  w  4i  4j  4k  u  v  w

1 1 5
40. Area triangle  v  w  22  12  (See Exercise 35)
2 2 2


2
42. V  u
v  w  0
1
2
0 1

  0
1  25  10
2
44. Direction numbers: 1, 1, 1
(a) x  1  t, y  2  t, z  3  t
(b) x  1  y  2  z  3

46. u  v 
 2
3
i j
5
1
k


1  21i  11j  13k
4
48. P  3, 4, 2, Q  3, 4, 1, R  1, 1, 2
\ \

PQ  0, 8, 1, PR  4, 5, 4

 
Direction numbers: 21, 11, 13
\
i \
j k
(a) x  21t, y  1  11t, z  4  13t n  PQ  PR  0 8 1  27i  4j  32k
4 5 4
x y1 z4
(b)  
21 11 13 27x  3  4 y  4  32z  2  0
27x  4y  32z  33
506 Chapter 10 Vectors and the Geometry of Space

50. The normal vectors to the planes are the same, 52. Q5, 1, 3 point
n  5, 3, 1. u  1, 2, 1 direction vector
Choose a point in the first plane, P  0, 0, 2. Choose a P  1, 3, 5 point on line
point in the second plane, Q  0, 0, 3. \

PQ  6, 2, 2

 
\

PQ  0, 0, 5
i j k
   
\

PQ
n PQ  u  6 2 2  2, 8, 14
\

5 5 35
D    1 2 1
 n 35 35 7
\

PQ  u 264
D   211
u 6

54. y  z 2 56. y  cos z 58. 16x 2  16y 2  9z 2  0

Since the x-coordinate is missing, Since the x-coordinate is missing, Cone
we have a cylindrical surface with we have a cylindrical surface with xy-trace: point 0,0, 0
rulings parallel to the x-axis. The rulings parallel to the x-axis. The
generating curve is a parabola in generating curve is y  cos z. xz-trace: z  ±
4x
the yz-coordinate plane. z
3
4y
z
4 yz-trace: z  ±
3
2
1 z  4, x 2  y 2  9
2 z
3 4 y
x −2 4

2 2 y
x

−3 −3
2 3 y
x 3

x2 y2 z2
60.   1 z 62. Let y  r x  2x and revolve the curve about
25 4 100 12
the x-axis.
Hyperboloid of one sheet
−5
x2 y2
xy-trace:  1
25 4 x 5
y

x2 z2
xz-trace:  1
25 100
y2 z2
yz-trace:  1
4 100

43, 34, 3 2 3
, rectangular
 
64.

 43
 34
 3  33
23, 2 , 3 2 3
, cylindrical
 
2 2
(a) r   ,   arctan3  , z ,
2 3 2

 43
 34
 3 2 3

  30 

30 

2 2 2 3 3
(b)    ,  ,   arccos , , , arccos , spherical
2 3 10 2 3 10
 Problem Solving for Chapter 10 507

66. 81,  56, 273, cylindrical 68. 12,  2 , 23, spherical

  6561  2187  543
 23
2
r 2  12 sin ⇒ r  63
5

6 

2
  arccos 2754 33   arccos 21  3


23  6

z   cos   12 cos

543,  56, 3 , spherical

63,  2 , 6, cylindrical

70. x 2  y 2  z 2  16
(a) Cylindrical: r 2  z 2  16
(b) Spherical:   4

Problem Solving for Chapter 10

x
2. f x  t 4  1 dt
0

y
(a) (b) f x  x 4  1
f 0  1  tan 
4

2

x 
−4 −2 2 4 4
−2

−4 u
1
2
i  j  22, 22 
(c) ± 22,  22  (d) The line is y  x: x  t, y  t.

4. Label the figure as indicated. S R

\

PR  a  b
\ a
SQ  b  a
a  b
b  a 
b
2 
a
2  0, because P Q
b

a

b
in a rhombus.

\ \

6. n  PP0   n  PP0  n + PP0 n − PP0

Figure is a square. n n

→
Thus,
PP0

n
and the points P form a circle of radius P0 P

n
in the plane with center at P.
508 Chapter 10 Vectors and the Geometry of Space

8. (a) V  2 0
r
 r 2  x2 dx  2 r 2x  
x3
3 
r

0
4
 r 3
3
(b) At height z  d > 0,
x2 y2 d2
2  2 2 1
a b c
x2 y2 d 2 c2  d 2
2
 21 2
a b c c2
x2 y2
 2 2  1.
a2  d  b c  d 2
c2
2

c2 c2

a c c d b c c d   cab c

2 2 2 2 2 2
Area   2 2 2
2
 d 2

V2 ab 2
0 c
c

2 c  d  dd
2

2ab 2
 
c
d3
 2
cd
c 3 0

4
 abc
3

10. (a) r  2 cos  (b) z  r 2 cos 2

Cylinder z2  x2  y2
Hyperbolic paraboloid

1
12. x  t  3, y  t  1, z  2t  1; Q  4, 3, s
2
(a) u  2, 1, 4 direction vector for line
P  3, 1, 1 point on line
\

PQ  1, 2, s  1

D
\

PQ  u 

\
 i
1
2
j

1
k

PQ  u
7  s2  6  2s2  25


2 s  1  7  si  6  2sj  5k

u
21

(b) 10 (c) Yes, there are slant asymptotes. Using s  x, we have

1 5
Ds  5x2  10x  110  x2  2x  22
21 21
−11 10

−4 
5
21
x  12  21 → ± 215 x  1
The minimum is D 2.2361 at s  1. 105
y± s  1 slant asymptotes.
21
 Problem Solving for Chapter 10 509

14. (a) The tension T is the same in each tow line.

6000i  Tcos 20  cos20i  Tsin 20  sin20j
 2T cos 20i
6000
⇒ T 3192.5 lbs
2 cos 20
(b) As in part (a), 6000i  2T cos 
3000
⇒ T
cos 
Domain: 0 <  < 90
(c)
 10 20 30 40 50 60
T 3046.3 3192.5 3464.1 3916.2 4667.2 6000.0

(d) 10,000

0 90
0

(e) As  increases, there is less force applied in the

direction of motion.

16. (a) Los Angeles: 4000, 118.24, 55.95

Rio de Janeiro: 4000, 43.22, 112.90
(b) Los Angeles: x  4000 sin 55.95 cos118.24
y  4000 sin 55.95 sin118.24
z  4000 cos 55.95
1568.2, 2919.7, 2239.7
Rio de Janeiro: x  4000 sin 112.90 cos43.22
y  4000 sin 112.90 sin43.22
z  4000 cos 112.90
2685.2, 2523.3, 1556.5
u
v 1568.22685.2  2919.72523.3  2239.71556.5
(c) cos   

u

v
40004000
 91.18 1.59 radians
(d) s  40001.59 6366 miles

—CONTINUED—
510 Chapter 10 Vectors and the Geometry of Space

16. —CONTINUED—
(e) For Boston and Honolulu:
a. Boston: 4000, 71.06, 47.64
Honolulu: 4000, 157.86, 68.69
b. Boston: x  4000 sin 47.64 cos71.06
y  4000 sin 47.64 sin71.06
z  4000 cos 47.64
959.4, 2795.7, 2695.1
Honolulu: x  4000 sin 68.69 cos157.86
y  4000 sin 68.69 sin157.86
z  4000 cos 68.69
3451.7, 1404.4, 1453.7
u
v 959.43451.7  2795.71404.4  2695.11453.7
(f) cos   

u

v
40004000
 73.5 1.28 radians
(g) s  40001.28 5120 miles

18. Assume one of a, b, c, is not zero, say a. Choose a point 20. Essay.
in the first plane such as d1a, 0, 0. The distance
between this point and the second plane is

D
ad1a  b0  c0  d2
a2  b2  c2


d1  d2 
d1  d2 .
a2  b2  c2 a2  b2  c2