2014 in Computing:

Breakthroughs in Artificial
Intelligence
 Skimming y Scanning
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 2014 in Computing: Breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence
 The past year saw progress in developing hardware and software capable of human feats of
intelligence.
 by Tom Simonite December 29, 2014

1. The holy grail of artificial intelligence—creating software that comes close to mimicking human
intelligence—remains far off but 2014 saw major strides in machine learning software that can gain
abilities from experience. Companies in sectors from biotech to computing turned to these new
techniques to solve tough problems or develop new products.
2. The most striking research results in AI came from the field of deep learning, which involves using
crude simulated neurons to process data.
3. Work in deep learning often focuses on images, which are easy for humans to understand but very
difficult for software to decipher. Researchers at Facebook used that approach to make a system that
can tell almost as well as a human whether two different photos depict the same person. Google
showed off a system that can describe scenes using short sentences.
4. Results like these have led leading computing companies to compete fiercely for AI researchers.
Google paid more than $600 million for a machine learning startup called DeepMind at the start of the
year. When MIT Technology Review caught up with the company’s founder, Demis Hassabis, later in
the year, he explained how DeepMind’s work was shaped by groundbreaking research into the human
brain.
5. The search company Baidu, nicknamed “China’s Google,” also spent big on artificial intelligence.
It set up a lab in Silicon Valley to expand its existing research into deep learning, and to compete with
Google and others for talent. Stanford AI researcher and onetime Google collaborator Andrew Ng was
hired to lead that effort. In our feature-length profile, he explained how artificial intelligence could
turn people who have never been on the Web into users of Baidu’s Web search and other services.
6. Machine learning was also a source of new products this year from computing giants, small startups,
and companies outside the computer industry.
7. Microsoft drew on its research into speech recognition and language comprehension to create its
virtual assistant Cortana, which is built into the mobile version of Windows. The app tries to enter a
back-and-forth dialogue with people. That’s intended both to make it more endearing and to help
it learn what went wrong when it makes a mistake.
1. Startups launched products that used machine learning for tasks as varied as helping you get
pregnant, letting you control home appliances with your voice, and making plans via text message .
2. Some of the most interesting applications of artificial intelligence came in health care. IBM is now close to
seeing a version of its Jeopardy!-winning Watson software help cancer doctors use genomic data
to choose personalized treatment plans for patients . Applying machine learning to a genetic database
enabled one biotech company to invent a noninvasive test that prevents unnecessary surgery.
3. Using artificial intelligence techniques on genetic data is likely to get a lot more common now that
Google, Amazon, and other large computing companies are getting into the business of storing digitized
genomes.
4. However, the most advanced machine learning software must be trained with large data sets, something
that is very energy intensive, even for companies with sophisticated infrastructure. That’s motivating
work on a new type of “neuromorphic” chips modeled loosely on ideas from neuroscience. Those chips
can run machine learning algorithms more efficiently.
5. This year, IBM began producing a prototype brain-inspired chip it says could be used in large numbers to
build a kind of supercomputer specialized for learning. A more compact neuromorphic chip, developed by
General Motors and the Boeing-owned research lab HRL, took flight in a tiny drone aircraft.
6. All this rapid progress in artificial intelligence led some people to ponder the possible downsides and long-
term implications of the technology. One software engineer who has since joined Google cautioned
that our instincts about privacy must change now that machines can decipher images.
7. Looking further ahead, biotech and satellite entrepreneur Martine Rothblatt predicted that our personal
data could be used to create intelligent digital doppelgangers with a kind of life of their own. And
neuroscientist Christof Koch, chief scientific officer of the Allen Institute for Brain Science in Seattle,
warned that although intelligent software could never be conscious, it could still harm us if not designed
correctly.
8. Meanwhile, a more benign view of the far future came from science fiction author Greg Egan. In a
thoughtful response to the sci-fi movie Her, he suggested thatconversational AI companions could make
us better at interacting with other humans.
1. The holy grail of artificial intelligence—
creating software that comes close to
mimicking human intelligence—remains far
but 2014 saw major strides in machine
learning software that can gain abilities from
experience. Companies in sectors from
biotech to computing turned to these new
techniques to solve tough problems or
develop new products.

Idea principal
Idea secundaria
 El santo grial de la inteligencia artificial
– la creación del software que se asemeje a
la imitación de la inteligencia humana –
permanece lejano, pero en el 2014 se dieron
pasos importantes en el software de
aprendizaje automático que puede adquirir
aprendizaje a partir de la experiencia. Las
compañías de los sectores de la
biotecnología a la informática recurrieron a
estas nuevas técnicas para resolver
problemas difíciles o desarrollar nuevos
productos.
 Párrafo 5

• The search company Baidu, nicknamed

“China’s Google,” also spent big on
artificial intelligence. It set up a lab in
Silicon Valley to expand its existing
research into deep learning, and to compete
with Google and others for talent. Stanford
AI researcher and onetime Google
collaborator Andrew Ng was hired to lead
that effort.
The search company Baidu, nicknamed
“China’s Google,” also spent big on
artificial intelligence. It set up a lab in
Silicon Valley to expand its existing
research into deep learning, and to
compete with Google and others for
talent. Stanford AI researcher and
onetime Google collaborator Andrew
Ng was hired to lead that effort.
La compañía de búsqueda Baidu, apodada
"Google de China", también gastó mucho
en inteligencia artificial. Creó un laboratorio
en Silicon Valley para expandir su
investigación existente en el aprendizaje
profundo, y para competir con Google y
otros por el talento. El investigador de IA de
Stanford y antiguo colaborador de Google
Andrew Ng fue contratado para liderar ese
esfuerzo.
 CONECTORES
Palabra o frase que unen las ideas presentes según una relación lógica entre ellas

SECUENCIA CLASIFICACIÓN DUDA

First(ly), second(ly)
In the first, second, third place
SECUENCIA TEMPORAL
Antes: Prior, so far, until now
Durante: meantime, at the
moment
Despues: After, by the time,
following
Según su relación con el texto pueden
ser:
CONTRASTE
On the contrary, rather, but, on one
hand, on te other hand, however,
nonthelesss, despite that, though, even
though
Perhaps, maybe, possibly
EJEMPLIFICACIÓN
For example, for intance, as
an example, examples of
ÉNFASIS
Certainly, in fact, of course, as
a matter of fact, indeed

CAUSA Y EFECTO ADICIÓN

Introducen Causa: due to,
because, as a result, in
response to
Introducen un resultado: with
the result to, so that, for this
reason
Furthermore, also, too, in addition, CONFORMIDAD
According to, in accordance
besides, moreover, as well as with
CONDICIÓN RELACIÓN
If, unless, provided As to, with respect to
 The holy grail of artificial
intelligence—creating software that
comes close to mimicking human
intelligence—remains far off, but 2014
saw major strides in machine learning
software that can gain abilities from
experience.
 The holy grail of artificial intelligence—
creating software that comes close to
mimicking human intelligence—remains far
off, but 2014 saw major strides in machine
learning software that can gain abilities from
experience.
El santo grial de la inteligencia artificial –
la creación del software que se asemeje a la
imitación de la inteligencia humana –
permanece lejano, pero en el 2014 se dieron
pasos importantes en el software de
aprendizaje automático que puede adquirir
aprendizaje a partir de la experiencia.
 Researchers at Facebook used that
approach to make a system that
can tell almost as well as a human
whether two different photos depict
the same person.
 Researchers at Facebook used that
approach to make a system that
can tell almost as well as a human
whether two different photos depict
the same person.
Los investigadores de Facebook
utilizaron ese enfoque para hacer
un sistema que pueda decir casi tan
bien como un humano si dos fotos
diferentes representan a la misma
persona.
 Adjetivos
good bueno
• bad malo
• large grande

• small pequeño
• long largo
• short corto
• thick grueso
• narrow estrecho
• deep profundo, hondo
• shallow llano
• whole entero
• low bajo
• high alto
Traducir al español los comparativos y superlativos presentes en las oraciones
tomadas del texto.

1. The app tries to enter a back-and-forth dialogue with people. That’s intended
both to make it more endearing and to help it learn what went wrong when it
makes a mistake.
2. Some of the most interesting applications of artificial intelligence came in health
care.
3. Using artificial intelligence techniques on genetic data is likely to get a lot more
common now that Google, Amazon, and other large computing companies are
getting into the business of storing digitized genomes.
4. the most advanced machine learning software must be trained with large data
sets.
5. Those chips can run machine learning algorithms more efficiently.
6. Looking further ahead, biotech and satellite entrepreneur Martine
Rothblatt predicted that our personal data could be used to create intelligent
digital doppelgangers with a kind of life of their own.
7. he suggested thatconversational AI companions could make us better at
interacting with other humans.
 Traducción
more endearing - más entrañable

the most interesting applications – las aplicaviones más interesantes

more common – más común

the most advanced machine learning software – el software de aprendizaje automático

more efficiently – más eficientemente

Further – más lejos, más allá

Better - mejor