1.

MOSFET Equations

a) N-channel MOSFET

Cut Off VGS " VT IDS = 0

Linear VGS > VT , VDS " VGS # VT W # VDS 2 &
IDS = µn Cox (V
% GS " VT )VDS " ((1+ )VDS )
L $ 2 '
! !
Saturation VGS > VT , VDS > VGS " VT 1 W
! ! IDS = µn Cox (VGS " VT ) 2 (1+ #VDS )
2 L
!
! !
!

The simplest model in SPICE (Level 1 or default model) uses the above equations.

Parameter SPICE Parameter Units Typical Values

µnCox KP A/V2 200µ
VT0 VTO V 0.5 – 1.0
λ LAMBDA V-1 0.05 – 0.005

b) P-channel MOSFET

Cut Off VSG " VT ISD = 0

Linear VSG > VT , VSD " VSG # VT W# VSD &
2
ISD = µ p Cox %(VSG " VT )VSD " ((1+ )VSD )
L$ 2 '
! !
Saturation VSG > VT , VSD > VSG " VT 1 W
! ! ISD = µ p Cox (VSG " VT ) 2 (1+ #VSD )
2 L
!
! !
!
 Example)
VS = 4 V, VG = 2 V, VD = 1 V
VT = -0.8 V, λ = 0, Kp = 100 µA/V2
W = 10 µm, L= 2 µm
Find MOSFET type, operation region, IDS.

- Solution
VDS > VGS " VT # saturation
100µ 10µ
ISD = (2 " "0.8 ) 2 (1+ 0) = 360µA
2 2µ
IDS = "360µA

! 2. MOSFET Circuits

Example) The PMOS transistor has VT = -2 V, Kp = 8 µA/V2,

L = 10 µm, λ = 0.
Find the values required for W and R in order to establish
a drain current of 0.1 mA and a voltage VD of 2 V.

- Solution
VD = VG " VSD > VSG # VT " saturation
1 W 8µ W
IDS = Kp (VSG # VT ) 2 (1+ $VSD ) = (3 # 2) 2 (1+ 0) = 0.1mA
2 L 2 10µ
V 2
IR = D = = 0.1mA
R R
W = 250µm, R = 20k%

!
 Example) The PMOS transistor has VT = -1 V, Kp = 8 µA/V2,
W/L = 25, λ = 0.
For I = 100 µA, find the VSD and VSG for R = 0, 10k, 30k, 100k.

- Solution
λ = 0 (no channel length modulation)

1) R = 0
VD = VG " VSD > VSG # VT " saturation
1 W 8µ
ISD = Kp (VSG # VT ) 2 = $ 25 $ (VSG #1) 2 = 100µ
2 L 2
VSG = 2V VSD = 2V

2) R = 10k
VD # VG = IR = 100µ $10k = 1 " VSD = VSG # VT " saturation or linear
1 W 8µ
ISD = Kp (VSG # VT ) 2 = $ 25 $ (VSG #1) 2 = 100µ
2 L 2
VSG = 2V VSD = 1V

3) R = 30k
VD # VG = IR = 100µ $ 30k = 3 " VSD < VSG # VT " linear
W V 2 V 2
ISD = Kp ((VSG # VT )VSD # SD ) = 8µ $ 25 $ ((VSD + 3 #1)VSD # SD ) = 100µ
L 2 2
VSD % 0.24V VSG = 3.24V

4) R = 100k
VD # VG = IR = 100µ $100k = 10 " VSD < VSG # VT " linear
W V 2 V 2
ISD = Kp ((VSG # VT )VSD # SD ) = 8µ $ 25 $ ((VSD + 10 #1)VSD # SD ) = 100µ
L 2 2
VSD % 0.06V VSG = 10.06V