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Interaction Equations
Pu Mu
+ ≤1
φc Pn φb M n
LRFD Criteria
• For Pu
≥ 0.2,
φ c Pn
Pu 8 ⎛ M u ⎞⎟
+ ⎜ ≤1
φc Pn 9 ⎜⎝ φb M n ⎟⎠
• For Pu
< 0.2,
φ c Pn
Pu ⎛ Mu ⎞
+⎜ ⎟ ≤1
2φc Pn ⎜⎝ φb M n ⎟⎠
φ c = 0.85, φ b = 0.90
Pu
≥ 0.2, large axial load, bending term is slightly reduced.
φ c Pn
Pu
< 0.2 , small axial load, axial load term is reduced.
φc Pn
Moment Amplification
-- (1) If w( z ) = 0 and M 1 = M 2 = M ,
kL
M z max = M sec , where k = P / EI
2
-- (2) If w( z ) = w and M 1 = M 2 = 0 ,
wL2 ⎛ 8 ⎞⎛
⎟⎟⎜ sec − 1⎞⎟
kL
M z max = ⎜⎜
8 ⎝ (kL ) ⎠⎝
2 2 ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞ Pu
M max = M0⎜ ⎟; α =
⎝1− α ⎠ Pe
⎛ 1 ⎞; α = Pu π 2 EAg
⎜ ⎟ Pe =
⎝1− α ⎠ Pe , ( KL / r ) 2
Cm Pu π 2 EI π 2 EAg
B1 = ≥ 1; α = ; Pe1 = =
1−α Pe1 ( KL ) 2
( KL / r )2
Evaluation of Cm
⎛ M1 ⎞
Cm = 0.6 − 0.4⎜ ⎟
⎜M ⎟ (AISC Equation C1-2)
⎝ 2⎠
1
B2 =
(∑ Pu ) ⎛ Δoh ⎞ (AISC Equation C1-4)
1− ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
(∑ H ) ⎝ L ⎠
Or
1
B2 =
⎛ ∑ Pu ⎞ (AISC Equation C1-5)
1− ⎜ ⎟
⎜∑P ⎟
⎝ e2 ⎠
where
∑ Pu = sum of factored loads on all columns in the
story under consideration
Δoh = drift (side sway displacement) of the story
under consideration
∑ H = sum of all horizontal forces causing Δoh
L= story height
∑ Pe 2 = sum of the Euler loads for all columns in the
story (when computing Pe2, use KL/r for the
axis of bending and a value of K corresponding
to the unbraced conditions)
• Refer to Pages 6-10 and 6-11 of the AISC Manual for more details.
1 8
where b = , m= which can be obtained from
φc Pn 9(φb M n )
AISC-LRFD Manual Table 6.1 and Table 6.2 for all W-shape
steels.
Procedure: