Design and Fabrication of Foot step Power

Genration

Authors

Muhammad Tahir Sattar 2015UETSCETRYKMECH10

Muhammad Kaleem 2015UETSCETRYKMECH37
Hamid Mehmood 2015UETSCETRYKMECH39
Mursaleen Shahid 2015UETSCETRYKMECH46

Supervisor

Engr.Altaf Hussain

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SWEDISH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY RAHIM YAR KHAN

April 2019
 Design and Fabrication of Foot step power Genration

Author

Muhammad Tahir Sattar 2015UETSCETRYKMECH10

Muhammad Kaleem 2015UETSCETRYKMECH37
Hamid Mehmood 2015UETSCETRYKMECH39
Mursaleen Shahid 2015UETSCETRYKMECH46

A Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering

Project Supervisor:

Engr Altaf Hussain

Designation & Department

Project Supervisor Signature:_____________________________________________

Head of Department Signature:___________________________________________

External Examiner Signature:____________________________________________

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SWEDISH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY RAHIM YAR KHAN
April 2019

i
 Abstract

Energy is a main source for growth of all countries. Most of the developing countries are
facing serious energy crisis and Pakistan is one of those. One of the most important forms
of energy is electrical energy. Pakistan is facing serious crisis in electrical energy. Need
of the hour is that engineers should fulfill this requirement through non-conventional
innovative methods. Our project is one of non-conventional innovative source of
producing electricity.

An energy crisis may be referred to as an oil crisis, petroleum crisis, energy shortage,
electricity crisis. So an alternative energy source is required which is cheap where no
natural input source is required to generate electricity. This project is about generation of
electricity using footstep power generation. The idea has been conceived keeping in view
that people walking is also a naturally existing source of energy. Now a day a trend has
cropped leading to health issues due to the fact that people do not prefer to walk. This
foot step power generation may not be enough to produce electricity to fulfill the power
requirements of a home or shopping mall but it may be used as an innovative method to
encourage people to walk instead of using escalators or lifts in public places such as
shopping malls.

In this project a mechanism to generate power by converting the potential energy

generated by a pedestrians walking on it. When the pedestrians move over it, it gains
potential energy which is commonly wasted. The foot plate comes down so the rack and
pinion mechanism fitted under the plate converts translational motion into rotary motion.
This in turn rotates a fly wheel at the middle of the shaft which rotates a gear at the end of
the shaft and then rotation transfer to gear train (rpm increased). This in turn rotates a
generator connected through the gear train and hence produces electric power.

ii
 UNDERTAKING

We, Hereby Declare That This Project Neither As A Whole Nor A Part There Of Has

Been Copied Out From Any Source, It Is Further Declared That We Have Developed This

Project And The Accompanied Report Entirely On The Basis Of My Personal Efforts

Made Under The Sincere Guidance Of My Supervisors. No Portion Of The Work

Presented In This Report Has Been Submitted In Support Of Any Other Degree Of

Qualification Of This Or Any Other University Or Institute Of Learning, If Found We

Shall Stand Responsible.

Signature

Tahir Sattar

2015UETSCETRYKMECH10

Signature

Muhammad Kaleem

2015UETSCETRYKMECH37

Signature

Hamid Mehmood

2015UETSCETRYKMECH39

Signature
Mursaleen shahid

2015UETSCETRYKMECH46

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all we thank Allah Almighty for giving us the strength and ability to complete this
project thesis.

We would like to thank our supervisor Engr.Altaf Hussain for his guidance and support
throughout the course of this thesis. We are thankful to our other class fellows, teachers
specially Sir Mirza Abu Bakar, Sir Amir shahzad and Sir Imran shabir who guided us
well. At the end special thanks to our parents for their support and prayers because it
would have not been possible without it.

Date:
Date of Project Submission.

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sample is given below:

Abstract ............................................................................................………...ii

Acknowledgement..........................................................................................iii

List of Figures.................................................................................................vi

List of Tables..................................................................................................vii

Abbreviations................................................................................................viii

Chapter I: Introduction.....................................................................................1

1.1 Background..........................................................................................1

1.2 Problems statement...............................................................................3

1.3 Problems Solution.................................................................................3

1.4 Project Flow Chart Diagram…………………………………………...

Chapter II: Literature Review……………………………………....................4

2.1 Objective Research significance

2.2 Principle of Project

2.3 Defining the Problems

2.4 Renewable energy resources

2.5 Energy crises in Pakistan

2.6 Footstep power generation resources

2.7 Operating System

2.8 Brief Summary

v
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sample is given below:

Number Page

Fig 2.1Block diagram of xyz block..................................................................8

Fig 2.2 Basis Functions Diagram.....................................................................9

Fig 2.3 Block Diagram of Codec...................................................................10

Fig 3.1Encoder...............................................................................................13

Fig 3.2 Decoder..............................................................................................14

vi
 Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background

Pakistan is in the state of crises in terms of energy resources, and it’s almost a
decade now and no proper solution has been advised to overcome the shortfall. The
power crisis is proving to be unbearable. Pakistan has to import a huge amount of
hydrocarbons from abroad to meet its energy needs. Some of the major energy
resources are oil, gas, petroleum resources, wind and tidal. 90% of the fuels being used
are organic and are decreasing gradually adding more pollution to the environment
harming the ecofriendly environment.

The availability of regular conventional fossil fuels will be the main sources for
power generation, but there is a fear that they will get eliminated eventually by the
next few decades. Therefore, we have to innovate some approximate, alternative, new
sources for the power generation, which are not depleted by the very few years.
Another major problem is the pollution. It is creating suffering for all kinds of living
beings including land and water. Power stations and automobiles are the causes for
major pollution. Therefore, the need of other types of renewable sources that will
produce electricity without using any commercial fossil fuels is necessary.

For reduction of carbon dioxide emission, renewable energies are considered as

proper energy. Renewable energies mainly refer to the wind, solar, biomass and marine
currents which are less harmful to environment, attracting a wide attention of
researchers in design and development of renewable energy conversion systems.

Such systems are already existing that use renewable energy such as solar
wind, OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions) etc. for power generation. The latest
technology which is used to generate the power by such renewable energy is the power
hump.

Electricity, phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electric charges.

Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter and is borne by elementary

vii
particles. In electricity the particle involved is the electron, which carries a charge
designated, by convention, as negative. It is one of most widely used form of energy.
Electricity is the secondary source of the energy and we can get the electricity from the
transformation of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and
other natural sources, which are called primary sources.

The number of consumers of electricity has increased owing to the rapid

urbanization process. The facility of electricity is now provided to the remote villages.
We waste a lot of energy, about 15 to 20 percent through poor distribution system.
Industrial, transport and domestic sectors are the three important consumers of energy.
It is assumed that a misplaced use of energy is rampant in industries which need to be
curtailed.

The availability of power and its per-capita consumptions is regarded as the

index of national standard of living in the present day. Energy is an important input in
all the sectors of any countries economy. Energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly the
population of the world has been increased rapidly and secondly standard of living of
human beings has increased. India is the country, which majorly suffers with lack of
sufficient power generation. The capital energy consumption of U.S.A. is about 8000
K.W.H., whereas per INDIA is only 150 K.W.H. U.S.A. with 7% of world population
consumes 32% of total power generation whereas INDIA as developing country with
20% of world population consumes only 1% of total energy consumed in the world .

Pakistan has been suffering from an energy crisis for about half a decade now.
Despite having enormous renewable resources of energy, Pakistan has to import a huge
amount of hydrocarbons to meet its energy needs. As recently in 2002, the country had
4,000 megawatts of excess power capacity. Today, unfortunately the situation has
gained threatening prospects. According to a research most of the high enthalpy
geothermal resources of the world lie within the seismic belts passing through
Pakistan. Pakistan has a history of geotectonic events. Tectonic plates are segments of
earth’s lithosphere, hard rocky outer shell. Hence this geothermal energy can be used
in a better sense. The major resources of energy such as oil, gas, petroleum products,

viii
coal, nuclear, solar, biomass and wind energy are too costly and require time to build.
Petroleum resources are decreasing day by day and we have to import most of our
petroleum products which effects our economy.

For a last few years Pakistan had to face a shortfall of about 6000MW. Work is
being done on large projects which can produce power in Megawatts but they will take
many years for completion. According to (Pakistan Energy Year Book, 2009) about
430GWh of the electricity was consumed by street lights in Pakistan, so in order to
reduce the load on national grid we need to produce the power which is cheaper and
portable. Electricity from footstep can help too much in this regard.

An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy
resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to
electricity or other natural resources. Political riots that occurred during the 2007
Burmese antigovernment protests were initially sparked by rising energy prices.
Likewise the Russia Ukraine gas dispute and the Russia-Belarus energy dispute have
been mostly resolved before entering a prolonged crisis stage .

In many systems and processes, dissipation of energy is inevitable whatever

renewable or conventional energy was used. For instance, as a Man passes over a
footstep, most of men kinetic energy will be wasted as heat in it. On other hand, to
ensure the security of the populated areas of streets, the footstep are required.

1.2 Purpose
The objective of this project is to generate the electric power through the fabrication of
foot step arrangement. Now a day’s demand is increased, so this project is used to
generate the electrical power in order to compensate the electric power demand. The
whole human/bio-energy being wasted if can be made possible for utilization it will be
great indentation and crowd energy frames will be very useful energy in crowded
countries.

ix
In this project the conversation of the force energy into electrical energy by mechanical
energy. The control mechanism carries the spring, metal plates, metal bars, rack and
pinion gears, chain drive system, bearings, small size generator and inverter which are
used to drive AC/DC loads. The inverter is used to convert the 12 volts DC to 230 volt
AC.

Man has needed and used energy at a increasing rate since a long time with the energy
consumption due to large growing number of electronic devices, the great effort has
been taken to find eco-friendly and renewable source of energy ,The most popular
renewable energy sources has high initial investment (such as wind power
,hydropower, solar power). Concept of utilization of foot power is very important for
highly populated countries like India, China where the temples and railway stations are
overcrowded all around the clock. One of the most interesting methods to obtaining
energy by surrounding a system is to use Rack and pinion. The Rack and pinion has
ability convert mechanical pressure to electrical energy or vice versa. And this power
has many applications as in agriculture, street lighting, and home applications.

1.3 Problems statement

x
Power is the mainly central basis in support of financial increase of a state. There will
be main power crises that must look Pakistan in future for next two to three years in
power, oil and natural gas. Now Pakistan is suffering energy crises in all most every
field. So that’s why Pakistan gross domestic product is low because due to industrial
shut down, shut down of local factories as well domestic factories. Today mostly
everything every business is depended upon power. Now power is the backbone of
every country and in Pakistan which is also nuclear country is suffering too much
problem of energy from last five to seven years.

Energy crises in Pakistan have a lot of reasons. Recession is one of them Pakistan is
suffering recession and economic crises from last seven years. Inflation is increased to
its higher value, so that’s why investment from foreigner is decreased to great extent.
Due to all these problems Pakistan is suffering the energy crises.

The other reason of short fall is that money not giving to independent power
producers. So these independent power producers not deliver full power and also they
mostly shut down their units. And also money is no giving to oil delivers and oil
producers. Money also doesn’t give to Pakistan state oil which delivers oil to power
plants. When they don’t have money then they don’t deliver oil and oil is necessary for
power plant so short fall increases. Pakistan has also loan on it so they don’t get any
loan from World Bank. So that’s why energy is not producing in the plants and they
shut down their units and our economic growth is decreased. If they don’t have power
industrial and domestic structure will be finished.

Further reason of energy crises in Pakistan are not constructed the new dams and new
power plants units. Kala Bagh dam is constructed in past not completely but the
feasibility report of this dam is completed and equipment for this dam is also
purchased and also it fulfills all our electricity needs but due to political reasons this
dam is not started and its work is stopped so that’s why short fall increases day by day.
Huge amount of money is also wasted on this dam while there is no output also caused
a lot of problems. So if we are not constructed new dams and wasting the money then
the short fall increases and energy crises also increases to great extent. So construct
new dams to fulfill the need of energy.

xi
The other reason for energy crises in Pakistan is not maintaining the already build
power plants once the power plant is damaged due to any reason then that unit will be
completely shut down. And burden on other units increase which in turns increase the
short fall. Also the staffs don’t take care of power plants. So this is also very bad
aspect of energy crises in Pakistan. This can be reduced by taking proper caring of
power plants and maintained at right time. So in this case short fall can be reduced.

Due to corruption while running the power plants is also increase the energy crises. As
the corruption ratio in Pakistan is very high especially in government sectors. So due
to bad management and corrupt staff as well as illegible officers working in power
plants caused energy crises in Pakistan. Miss management also causes problem while
running the power plants. If power plant unit is not turn off and turn on completely at
specific time will increased energy crises and short fall will be increased and this all
happens in Pakistan.

Pakistan is also have very high demand of gas, industries and factories needs gas to
great extent but in Pakistan availability of gas is very low, some of the power plant unit
also works on gas but of not continuous supply of gas some of unit shut down so that’s
why short fall increases and energy crises also increases.

Solution: above mention we write all crises in Pakistan about energy so the economy is
low so we should find a way to generate electricity which is cheapest and efficient. If
we install our system to 300ft and 2500 men walk through that area four times in a day
then we can produce 0.7MegaWatt in a day. If we need more energy, area should be
increased.

1.4 Problem solution

There are various resources of power generation through which we can generate the
power with footsteps. It is unique and different type of power generation system it
requires a technology and huge amount of research work that is why this type of
generation system is mostly in use of developed countries.

xii
 This type of power generation can be done through various techniques and methods
like piezoelectric sensors, through mechanical arrangement like fly wheel and gear
wheel, pedal and springs type arrangement, staircase energy generating system by
rotating the generator, then also by implementing the faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction by moving magnet into the coil through spring system.

Our project is based on Rack and pinion we have designed structure like mat where
some gears and pinions are placed in series and parallel arrangements . The springs
are placed between the sheets of springs have enough tensile strength that they can
bear the weight. . This type of footsteps power generation system are eligible to be
installed in crowded places and rural areas cities in the places like railway stations,
airports, footpaths where there is a rush of pedestrians.

1.5 Project flow chart Diagram

xiii
 Chapter 2
Literature
Introduction
Energy surrounds us in all aspects of life, it’s up to us weather we use
it constructively for the benefit of mankind or we use it destructively to
harm others. Alternative energy resources are not based on fossils
fuels or atom distribution.
The alternatives are
 Solar energy
 Wind power
 Geothermal
 Hydroelectric
 Nuclear
We are introducing a new way to overcome the increasing demand of
energy. We are utilizing human force and we named it FSGS (Foot Step
Generating System).
2.1 Objective of project
Our aim is to produce energy by a source that has no negative effect
on environment and its output can be used to overcome the crises in
Pakistan.
2.2 Principle of project
The principle of project has few steps in it regarding which generate
power through footsteps. We start with the proper arrangement of
electrical components and equipment which transforms the mechanical
energy in to electrical energy.
2.3 Defining the problem
In Pakistan the demand is more than the daily energy produced so we
are facing power-cut after approximate 1 hour and industries are in hell
these days. People uses rechargeable batteries (UPS) or diesel/petrol
engine to fulfill their demands. The use of stand by generator is
common in industries and large offices.
When producing power with footsteps there is some load placed at the
end which used power, then power stored in battery is decreased so
more footsteps on spring which vibrate the step and due to vibration
force power generated.

xiv
So this A.C voltage is used in different appliances such as for charging
the laptop battery and also to charge the handset, it can also be used
to lightening up the energy savor. If we need more power from this
technique then used more steps for more electric current, The ability of
battery and inverter should be increased, battery should be of high
current and voltages and inverter is such designed that it convert that
electrical power to A.C voltages and also no loss in it, then output
power will be increased and can be used more electrical appliances
and also can be used such appliances which need more electric
current.
2.4 Renewable energy resources
Due to global warming and worldwide heating now globe is stirring to
renewable energy resources. Other alternative resources which are
using for generating electrical power are very expensive and either
their units are shut down in Pakistan. Maintenance of already existing
energy sources caused huge amount of cost, so much cost is due to
the heavy machinery involving in it which need maintenance and also
the labor and engineering work. These existing energy sources are also
harmful for humans, the rays from nuclear generator caused cancer to
the nearer city, and hydroelectric projects caused flood to cities and
also damaged the fields. So due to these problems globe is stirring to
renewable energy resources which are fairly low cost, efficient while
using, reliable and caused no uneasiness to human nature. The
renewable energy resources such as solar panels, wind turbine, geo
thermal, bio gas etc. they all used natural things for generating
electrical power so the danger to human will be no more as in the case
of nuclear energy. The maintenance costs of these plants are very low.
These plants do not contain any heavy machinery for generating
electrical power. So when these plants are out of working or some error
in it and it needs maintenance then the maintenance cost is not so
much high and also it don’t need labor works because it is not
involving any heavy machinery in it and it only requires engineering
work in it. So that’s why our project is of renewable energy resources
and we generate electrical power by footsteps and it is fairly low cost
and efficient technique.
2.5 Energy crises in Pakistan
The other reason of short fall is that money not giving to independent
power producers. So these independent power producers not deliver
full power and also they mostly shut down their units. And also money
is no giving to oil delivers and oil producers. Money also doesn’t give to
Pakistan state oil which delivers oil to power plants. When they don’t
have money then they don’t deliver oil and oil is necessary for power
plant so short fall increases. So that’s why energy is not producing in
the plants and they shut down their units and our economic growth is

xv
decreased. If they don’t have power industrial and domestic structure
will be finished.
Further reason of energy crises in Pakistan are not constructed the new
dams and new power plants units. Kala bagh dam is constructed in
past not completely but the feasibility report of this dam is completed
and equipment for this dam is also purchased and also it fulfills all our
electricity needs but due to political reasons this dam is not started
and its work is stopped so that’s why short fall increases day by day.
Huge amount of money is also wasted on this dam while there is no
output also caused a lot of problems. So if we are not constructed new
dams and wasting the money then the short fall increases and energy
crises also increases to great extent. So construct new dams to fulfill
the need of energy.
The other reason for energy crises in Pakistan is not maintaining the
already build power once the power plant is damaged due to any
reason then that unit will be completely shut down. And burden on
other units increase which in turns increase the short fall. Also the
staffs don’t take care of power plants. So this is also very bad aspect of
energy crises in Pakistan. This can be reduced by taking proper caring
of power plants and maintained at right time. So in this case short fall
can be reduced.
Due to corruption while running the power plants is also increase the
energy crises. As the corruption ratio in Pakistan is very high especially
in government sectors. So due to bad management and corrupt staff
as well as illegible officers working in power plants caused energy
crises in Pakistan. Mismanagement also causes problem while running
the power plants. If power plant unit is not turn off and turn on
completely at specific time will increased energy crises and short fall
will be increased and this all happens in Pakistan.
2.6 Footstep power generation resources
ü There are various resources of power generation through which we
can generate the power with footsteps. It is unique and different type
of power generation system it requires a technology and huge amount
of research work that is why this type of generation system is mostly in
use of developed countries.
In our project we used a very simple method to generate the power,
the method is food step power generation, as name Indicates by using
our foot, we press the top side of the project which is connected to the
mechanism called Rack and pinion, Rack and pinion attached with the
large springs, when we push the top side then by the help of springs
Rack and Pinion works which connected to the gears system, gear
Mechanism connect with the generator to produce Electricity.

xvi
2.6 Design of Foot step Power Generation:

2.7 Operating System:

The operating system of Foot step power generation is very simple and unique to
generate green and cheap electricity, The power generation depends on your force which
you used for generating electricity, The good thing in this is, During press the top part the
power generates and when the pushes portion is up then the power is also produced,
which means that during up and down power produced, This is very good method to
generate cheap and green electricity, depends on your investment, The large the system
the more the electricity to be produced.
Operating system of this project is Rack and pinion method which attached to the springs,
after pushing the top portion, spring attached to the Rack and pinion which attached to
the gear mechanism which connects to the shaft and power generates by using generator.
The operating cost is too low, by applying force we can generate electricity as per
requirement.
The operating of this power generating system is too easy to understand.
2.8Brief Summary:
This is very simple method to generate electricity in a very cheap rates, This is one time
cost and after this, the cost of Maintenance is too much low,
The principle is just applying a pushing force to produce electricity, one time pushing
force enables the system two time to produce electricity, one is when the top portion is
going to downward and the second time is when this downward portion is going to his
position.
The Maintenance cost is also too low, The Labour cost is low as well, We can produce
electricity by pushing the force and generate our results as per force pushed.

xvii
Actually our aim is to make our environment free from pollution and to meet our energy
requirement, this is the better way to utilize this amazing system to meet to our daily
requirement and can reduce the energy crisis in very efficient and low budget.

xviii
xix
 CHAPTER 1

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