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METHODS OF PLANTING CROPS: I. WHAT IS DIRECT

SEEDING AND WHAT IS TRANSPLANTING?
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Various methods of planting are practiced in crop farming. These can be

put under broad classifications such as direct seeding vs. transplanting,
direct planting vs. indirect planting, and manual vs. mechanized planting.
This page is about the first alternative methods as applied mainly to crops
that can be grown from seeds.

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Direct Seeding vs. Transplanting

In general, a farmer who intends to raise a crop has to choose between these
two  methods of planting: direct seeding and transplanting. To briefly
distinguish, direct seeding means planting at the crop area with the use of
seeds while transplanting is planting with the use of pre-grown seedlings or
plants that had been propagated from seeds. Crop area is here meant to refer to
any space intended for the growing of crops for the purpose of harvesting some
products.
 Muddied but they joyfully transplanted the
seedlings they raised by wet-bed method on
concrete rice paddy
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Therefore, the two methods of planting can also be described as direct

planting and indirect planting. For transplanting, it is indirect because the seeds
are not immediately sown on the field. Instead, these seeds are first used to
raise seedlings in pots or in any temporary place and only when they reach the
right age are they outplanted. The actual field planting may be accomplished
either manually or by mechanical means.

Where These Methods of Planting are More Preferred

First, let it be clarified that crop plants which are normally grown from seeds can
also be grown from seedlings, theoretically at least. In fact, corn (maize) grains
at milking stage can be used as raw material to produce seedlings. By tissue
culture techniques, the embryo can be extracted and used as propagule. Its
application for commercial grain production, however, is another matter.

Whether to choose direct seeding or transplanting for field planting depends on

many factors. Among others, these include: (1) the crop species to be
grown, (2) ease in planting and survival rate, (3) farmer's
familiarity, (4) timeliness, (5) financial capability of the farmer, and (6) return on
investment.
Consider corn. Why is it grown from seeds (grains) all throughout the world?
First, because corn cannot be propagated using other plant parts. It is likewise
presumed that only a very few are aware that immature corn seeds can be used
to produce potted seedlings which in turn can be outplanted. The supporting
technology is not even available, indicating perhaps that producing seedlings for
commercial grain production is too farfetched.

Crop Examples

Even if the technology for the production

Organic of pre-grown seedlings has been
established, it may be too costly and may
Fertilizer just cause delay. Indeed, why experiment
on the use of seedlings when corn can be
plantdesigns.com readily grown from seeds and has been for
thousands of years? Even back in 1588
Find Non-Toxic, when Thomas Hariot of England came to
what is now the United States of America,
Safe Solution For the native Indians were already planting
Agriculture. corn with seeds in well spaced hills!
Reduced Nitrogen (Hariot 1588).

Input It is different with rice. Both methods of

planting are applicable and have, likewise,
been proven effective and adaptable to
OPEN farmers.

Direct seeding is common in cereals such

as upland rice, corn, sorghum and millets;
pulses such as soybean, peanut, and mungbean; large-seeded vegetables like
squash and other cucurbits including melons, root vegetables such as carrot
and radish, many leafy vegetables, okra or lady's finger (Abelmoschus
esculentus), and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia).
Examples of crops that are commonly transplanted are small-seeded
vegetables like the solanaceous plants tomato, eggplant and peppers,
ornamental crops, fruit trees, and many perennial crops including palms such as
coconut and African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis).

Examples of crops where both direct seeding and transplanting methods of

planting are commonly used are lowland rice and the Cruciferous (Brassica)
vegetables cabbage, pechay and mustard, and lettuce. Although pregrown
seedlings are commonly used in the establishment of coconut plantations,
unsprouted seednuts can also be directly planted.

Do you know that some seeds used in plant propagation are not entirely seeds?
Click to read.

More About Direct Seeding and Transplanting Methods of Planting

The term direct seeding, also called direct sowing, is also used to refer to the
planting of seedpieces or underground vegetative planting materials directly into
the soil as in potato (Solanum tuberosum). However, direct seeding may not be
interpreted literally as “direct” as in corn. In rice, the seeds are pretreated to
break dormancy, soaked in water, and incubated to initiate germination
immediately before drilling or broadcating on puddled soil.

In contrast, transplanting, sometimes called replanting, is a method of planting

that only requires the use of pre-grown plants, or seedlings, or vegetatively
propagated clones for field planting. It does not distinguish as to the source of
the planting material, that is, whether from seed or from vegetative parts of
plants.
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In addition, the transplanting method of planting is also used to refer to the

practice of replanting in which an already established plant in one location is
moved elsewhere. Transplanting is also convenient with a few plants that can
be transferred with a ball of soil around the roots. Heavy-duty mechanical
transplanters have been invented for large trees.

In some vegetables, it is common to prick seedlings from the seedbed and

transplant them bareroot to the garden plot. In perennial species like coffee at a
time when rainfall has become frequent and light is not intense, wildlings have
been outplanted immediately after uprooting. In fact, bare-root transplanting can
apply even in mature mango trees (Click here to read).

Memory Check: Can bamboo be grown from seed?

LITERATURE CITED

HARIOT T. 1588. A brief and true report of the new found land of Virginia.
Retrieved May 29, 2015
from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1020&context=etas. 
(Ben G. Bareja 2011, edited May 7, 2019) 

l Direct Seeding Methods l Calculations l Farmers' Practice in No-Till Corn

Farming I Row Planting l Multiple Row l Orchard Patterns l 

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III. Broadcasting, Hill and Drill: More Comparison,
Calculations
Compares broadcasting, hill and drill methods of planting as to calculated
seeding rate and spacing, with formulas given.

Intercropping vs. Crop Rotation vs. Relay in Multiple

Cropping
Intercropping, relay cropping and crop rotation practices are discussed, their
advantages compared to monocropping.

Common Planting Patterns in the Orchard

Common planting patterns for fruit trees and other perennial crops are
described. Calculated plant population densities are compared.

Row Planting and Spatial Arrangement of Crops

Row planting is for convenience and for optimum crop yields. Several
types of planting arrangement are available.

Adult, Bare-root Mango Trees Can Be Transplanted

Bare-root transplanting is common with seedlings and tufted plants. But
it has also find application in large and adult mango trees and others.

More reading
Making Potting Soil Urban Farming: Pot Bonsai Shaping
With Coconut Coir Gardening Technique Did
Dust as Main Amazing
Container or pot
Ingredient Transformation
gardening is ideal for
About potting soil and urban farming. Its Demonstrates bonsai
how to make a general advantages are shaping in which an
purpose, light-weight numerous and best “ugly” multiple trunked
potting mix using exploited by the urban tree was magically
agricultural wastes poor. converted into cascade
such as cocopeat and prebonsai.
rice hulls.

Let The Plastic Tent Growing Dwarf

Take Care of Your Potted Bamboo
Potted Plants in
It is quite easy to
Absentia
produce and maintain
Tip: Apply the plastic dwarf, potted bamboo.
tent or kulob method to The cultural practices
are basically the same
serve as caretaker of with other potted
bonsai or other favorite plants, with some
potted plants in case of bonsai techniques
extended leave. applied.

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Pam Gladys Salar

great idea
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Pam Gladys Salar

i hope that there is a lot of idea ive learned about this
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Pam Gladys Salar

thanks:)
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Joan Rodriguez Favillaran

thankz a lot for the additional information.
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Clayne Cezclark Cabatingan

Thanks
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