2019 ACS Puerto Rico Senior Technical Meeting Book of Abstracts

42nd Senior Technical Meeting – November 9, 2019
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42nd SENIOR TECHNICAL MEETING

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
PUERTO RICO SECTION
NSF-CREST-CIRE2N and NSF-PREM-CIE2M
Scientific approaches to celebrate the International Year of

the Periodic Table
NOVEMBER 9, 2019
MAYAGUEZ RESORT AND CASINO
MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO
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42ND SENIOR TECHNICAL

MEETING
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ACS – PUERTO RICO - BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Chair: Ángela González Mederos
Chair Elect: Myrna Otaño
Past Chair: Carlos Cabrera Martínez
Secretary: Angel G. Colón Santiago
Treasurer: Jorge Colón Rivera
NE Subsection Chairperson: Laura Santiago Pérez
SW Subsection Chairperson: Wilfredo Ayala López
Councilors: Nestor Carballeira

Edmy Ferrer Torres
Jorge Colón Rivera
Juan López Garriga
Alternate Councilors: Orlando Morales Martínez

Sara Delgado
Angel G. Colón Santiago
Brenda Ramos Santana
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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Ángela González Mederos
Edmy Ferrer Torres
Jorge Colón Rivera
REGISTRATION COMMITTEE
Jorge Colón Rivera
Carolina Pellicier
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Edmy Ferrer Torres
Jorge Colón Rivera
Wilfredo Ayala
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS COMMITTEE

FLOOR COORDINATORS
Edmy Ferrer Torres
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MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR
Welcome to our 42nd Senior Technical Meeting!
This year, we are celebrating that the wide range of research done in Puerto Rico is as diverse
as our Periodic Table, which is celebrating 150 years. This meeting gathered three great plenary
speakers sharing with us the latest research in forensic sciences, energy production and
electrochemistry. We also have about 40 oral presentations and over 90 posters, where you will
enjoy science directly from those that create it: our Puerto Rican researchers. This year we also
have projects with Entrepreneurial projections. Look in the book of abstracts to learn how those
scientific researches may be transformed or already are a business. This is our first harvest from
the efforts that our section has been doing to encourage our scientists to pursue entrepreneurship
with their discoveries. Do not miss those presentations, in our oral and poster sessions!
We are also honored to present the ACS-PR Chemical Education Award to Dr. Carlos Cabrera
Martínez. This award honors educators that have helped to guide students and our section
to success. Dr. Cabrera, besides being a great professor, has been Chair of our section in 1996
and 2018, and crucial to the success of our Section Meetings. His diligence, humility, friendly
character and great laugh have made his participation in our Section memorable. Therefore, we
thank Dr. Cabrera for his commitment towards his students, our section and scientific research
advancement.
Our section will also recognize the effort of our Student Chapters. We started a Recognition to
Service Commitment of our student chapters. We recognize that our Chapters are a valuable part
of our Section. Their work, passion, and youth bring new ideas, opportunities and engage us in
new roads. Their work is done, even when they have heavy class loads along with part-time jobs.
Therefore, we want to recognize that effort, this year as International Year of the Periodic Table,
we start to build a Periodic Table of Service. The Chapters being recognized this year are UPR
Arecibo, Mayagüez, Rio Piedras and Bayamón, Inter American University-San Germán and
Ponce. Do not miss the recognition ceremony later in the afternoon, to honor these young
leaders. Continuing with our students, thanks to one of our sponsors, we are going to have
a Poster Presentation Award. Even though we recognize that all the presenters are doing a great
job, because they are building the science of the future, our faculty will select three of the best
poster presentations, both written and oral. These presenters will receive a monetary award
sponsored by JEOL.
This Senior Technical Meeting must thank NSF PREM and the Florida International University for
their support. We also thanks Dr. Luis Echegoyen and ACS for sponsoring the reception at the
end of the meeting. This will be a great opportunity to release stress, enjoy with great people and
start our Christmas celebration, so do not miss it!
Finally, I would like to acknowledge our Section Secretary, Angel Colón Santiago, for his help
organizing our meeting, and to the 2019 ACS-PR Board of Directors for their support, and trust
gave to us to organize the best scientific meeting in Puerto Rico: the Senior Technical Meeting.
Thanks for coming and enjoy our Senior!
Ángela González-Mederos, Ph.D.

Chair, ACS Puerto Rico Section
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GENERAL PROGRAM
Saturday, November 9, 2019
6:30 AM Registration and breakfast

Room: Lobby
WELCOME REMARKS:
8:30 AM Ángela González Mederos, Ph.D., 2019 Chair ACS Puerto Rico Section
Room: CC2
PLENARY LECTURE I
Physical evidence examinations and comparisons; from basic research to standardized
forensic practice.
8:35 AM José R. Almirall, Ph.D.
International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, FL
Room: CC2
Moderator: Milagros Delgado, Ph.D.
CONCURRENT ORAL PRESENTATIONS

9:35 AM
Rooms: CC2, Victoria, Flamboyán, Escofier
PLENARY LECTURE II
Energy Conversion and Storage: Novel Materials and Operando Methods
Héctor D. Abruña, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Center for Alkaline Based Energy Solutions
11:35 AM
(CABES), Energy Materials Center at Cornell (emc2)
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,
Room: CC2
Moderator: Carlos Cabrera, Ph.D.
Lunch and 2019 Education Award Presentation

12:35 PM
Room: CC2
PLENARY LECTURE III

Actinide-based Buckyball maracas: Fullerene cages as nanocontainers that stabilize
monometallic and actinide clusters inside
1:40 PM Luis Echegoyen, Ph.D.
President Elect, American Chemical Society
Room: CC2
Moderator: Jorge Colón, Ph.D.
CONCURRENT ORAL PRESENTATIONS

2:40 PM
Rooms: CC2, Victoria, Flamboyán, Escofier
4:40 PM NETWORKING BREAK
STUDENT CHAPTER AWARDS

4:40 PM Room: Escofier
Moderator: Ángela González Mederos Ph.D.
POSTER SESSION
5:10 PM Room: CC1
Moderator: Edmy Ferrer Torres Ph.D.
7:00 PM ACS President-Elect’s Reception / Cocktail
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ORAL SESSIONS
Session A - Room: Flamboyán

Moderator: Celia Osorio Ph.D
9:35 AM A1 Molybdenum-Catalyzed Hydrodeoxygenation of Tartaric Acid to Succinic Acid
Nacy, A. University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez Campus
9:55 AM A2 Unraveling Estrogen-Metabolizing Microbial Bioprospects in the Guanica Dry

Forest
Soriano, B. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
10:15 AM A3 Influence of Dilution Rate and pH Control in the Growth Rate of P. vulgaris
During Batch Simulations of a Wastewater Continuous Bioreactor Cardona-
Vélez, W. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
10:35 AM A4 Block-Copolymer Derived Nanoporous Thin Films for the Development of a L-

BMAA Aptamer-Based Biosensor
Santiago-Maldonado, X. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
10:55 AM A5 Ecotoxicity of nanomaterials in marine ecosystems through the study of the

metabolic response of Vibrio fischeri as a model microorganism
Torres-Díaz, M. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
Session B - Room: CC2

Moderator: Ricardo Noriega
9:35 AM B1 Commercialization Analysis of the Cell Manufacturing Industry
Hernández-Torres, M. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
9:55 AM B2 Puerto Rico and the Cell Therapies Manufacturing Global Value Chain: Detailed
Mapping of the Existing Pharma/Biotechnology Industry in Puerto Rico
Hernández-Rovira, M. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
10:15 AM B3 Polymers and Aptamer-Modified Microelectrodes for the Selectively Detection of

Neuropeptide Y.
López, L. Universidad Ana G. Méndez - Gurabo Campus
10:35 AM B4 Reprogramming an iron(II)- and 2-(oxo)-glutarate-dependent hydroxylase to

halogenate aliphatic N-succinyl-L-amino acids.
Rivera-Pomales, P. Penn State University
10:55 AM B5 Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species in Hemeproteins

Peroxidative Reactions via Sulfheme Derivatives
López-Garriga, J. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
11:15 AM B6 Zirconium phosphate for electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction of

water splitting
Colón, J. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
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Session C - Room: Victoria

Moderator: Wilfredo Ayala Ph.D.
9:35 AM C1 Traceability of raw material batches in a pharmaceutical continuous

manufacturing system
Sanchez-Paternina, A. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
9:55 AM C2 Nano-Engineered Mortars with Pozzolanic Material for Structural Parchment

Castro, A. University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez Campus
10:15 AM C3 Synthesis and Characterization of Cu Oxide Nanostructures Grown by a

VaporSolid Process
Torres, D., Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Bayamon Campus
10:35 AM C4 Using GCxGC-HRTOFMS and DART-HRTOFMS to Analyze Complex Materials

Dane, J. JEOL USA, Inc.
10:55 AM C5 Potential Application of Polysaccharides in the Manufacture of electronics

devices
Chaves-Baldovino, E. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
Session D - Room: Escoffier

Moderator: Mitk'El B. Santiago-Berrios Ph.D.
9:35 AM D1 Directly Predicting Onset Potentials from Structural Properties of Graphene-
Supported Single-Atom Electrocatalysts by Machine Learning
Lin, S. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
9:55 AM D2 Synthesizing a Novel Janus Carbon Nano-Onions Modified as a Support for

Electrocatalytic Nanoparticles
Del Valle-Pérez, A. Universidad Ana G. Méndez - Gurabo Campus
10:15 AM D3 The Synthesis of Cu2O@Pt nanoshuttles and their application as

Electrocatalysts for ammonia oxidation and oxygen reduction
Liu, X. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
10:35 AM D4 Exploring a New Class of PGM-free Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Production of

Hydrogen Peroxide
Del Pilar-Albaladejo, J. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
10:55 AM D5 Metal Oxide Inclusion In Polycrystalline Platinum Nanoparticles For A Cost-

Effective Ammonia Oxidation Electrocatalyst
Huertas, N. Universidad Ana G. Méndez
11:15 AM D6 Biotemplated synthesis of brookite nanoparticles for anodes in dye-sensitized

solar cells
Quiñones-Vélez, G. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
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Session E - Room: CC2

Moderator: Ileana González-González Ph.D.
2:40 PM E1 Synthesis of Square Planar and Octahedral Metal Phthalocyanine Complexes

for the Development of Gas Sensors for Oxidizing Gases
González-Espiet, J. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
3:00 PM E2 Medicament disposal practices used by people in Puerto Rico western towns.
Rosado, R. Inter American University of Puerto Rico - San Germán Campus
3:20 PM E3 Evaluating Vibrio fischeri as a Bioindicator of Ecotoxicity

Somohano-Short, J. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
3:40 PM E4 Results of short bioblitzes at the Pterocarpus Forest at Palmas del Mar
Pastor-Dávila, M. Universidad Ana G. Méndez
4:00 PM E5 Initial vegetation cover regeneration of a coastal urban wetland after hurricane
Impacts: Ciénaga Las Cucharillas.
Hernández, H. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
Session F – Room: Victoria

Moderator: Vilmalí López-Mejías Ph.D.
2:40 PM F1 Biodegradable Chitosan Matrix Composite Reinforced with Titanium Dioxide for
Biocidal Applications
López-Calero, J. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
3:00 PM F2 Evaluation of Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Activity of Novel Carvacrol

Derivatives
Colón-Alicea, J. Universidad Ana G. Méndez - Gurabo Campus
3:20 PM F3 Growth of Proteus Vulgaris In Human Synthetic Urine for an Ureolysis System
Barreto-Vazquez, D. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
3:40 PM F4 Global and Local Structural Changes of Catalase Induced by Persulfidation

Pietri-Meléndez, R. University of Puerto Rico - Cayey Campus
4:00 PM F5 Puerto Rico and the Cell Therapies Manufacturing Global Value Chain:
Insurance Logistics and Treatment Coverage Alternatives
Vélez, D. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
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Session G - Room: Flamboyán

Moderator: Claribel Báez Ph.D.
2:40 PM G1 Viability and CYP-450 Activity of HEP-G2 Cells after exposure to CdSTe QDs.
Alamo-Nole, L. Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce
3:00 PM G2 Implementation of lyotropic liquid crystals for the functionalization of bio-reactive

forward osmosis membranes.
Santiago-Martoral, L. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
3:20 PM G3 Study of Al11Ce3 Distribution in Aluminum Matrix Produced via Centrifugal

Casting.
De Jesús-López, M. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
3:40 PM G4 Big Data Driven High-throughput strategy to Screen and Design of Novel 2D
Materials from Non-vdW Bulk Materials.
Gu, J. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
4:00 PM G5 Characterization of surfactant-colloidal particle interactions towards the

development of a composite system for enhancing efficiency of green
detergents.
Pagán-Aponte, N. University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
4:20 PM G6 Influence of chemically-functionalized gold nanoparticles on emulsions of

thermotropic liquid crystals
Zabala-Rodríguez, K. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
Session H: - Room: Escofier

Moderator: Raquel Feliciano Ph.D.
2:40 PM H1 Hydrogen peroxide production by the ORR pathway using CoxZn1-xO materials
in alkaline media
Santiago-Berríos, M. Universidad Ana G. Méndez - Cupey Campus
3:00 PM H2 Electrochemical Synthesis of Polymers on Carbon Nano-Onions as catalytic

support for Oxygen Reduction Reaction by RoDSE Technique
Vargas-Pérez, B. Universidad Ana G. Méndez - Gurabo Campus
3:20 PM H3 Conversion of 1,4-Anhydroerythritol to Tetrahydrofuran using MoOx-Pd/TiO2

catalysts
Albarracín, S. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
3:40 PM H4 PtNi-Nanowires as catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in Alkaline

Medium
Soto-Pérez, J. University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
4:00 PM H5 Fabrication of aluminum welding fillers reinforced with niobium diboride

nanoparticles for aerospace applications
Burgos-León, N. University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
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Speakers
Bio sketches
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José R. Almirall
José R. Almirall is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Director

Emeritus of the International Forensic Research Institute at Florida International University and
Director of the National Science Foundation-funded Center for Advanced Research in Forensic
Science (CARFS). He was a practicing forensic scientist at the Miami-Dade Police Department
Crime Laboratory for 12 years, where he testified in over 100 criminal cases in state and federal
courts prior to his academic appointment at FIU in 1998. Professor Almirall has authored one
book and ~ 140 peer-reviewed scientific publications in the field of analytical and forensic
chemistry. The interests of Prof. Almirall’s research group include fundamental analytical
chemistry and the development of analytical chemistry tools for use in forensic science including
materials analyses using LA-ICP-MS and detection and identification of small organic compounds
such as drugs, explosives, ignitable liquid residues and gunshot residue. His research group has
developed novel air sampling tools to improve the detection and preconcentration of VOCs of
interest to forensic scientists. Dr. Almirall is also interested in the standardization of analytical
methods used by forensic scientists and currently leads a global effort to standardize the analysis
of glass evidence using LA-ICP-MS and the interpretation of the data for use in courts of law.
Prof. Almirall is a Fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) since 1998, past
member of the editorial board of the Journal of Forensic Sciences and Editor-in-Chief of Forensic
Chemistry, an Elsevier journal.
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Héctor D. Abruña
Professor Abruña, Émile M. Chamot Professor of Chemistry, is Director of the Center for Alkaline
Based Energy Solutions (CABES) and the Energy Materials Center at Cornell (emc 2). He
completed his graduate studies with Royce W. Murray and Thomas J. Meyer at the University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1980 and was a postdoctoral research associate with Allen J.
Bard at the University of Texas at Austin from 1980-81. After a brief stay at the University of
Puerto Rico, he joined Cornell in 1983. He was Chair of the Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology from 2004-2008. Prof. Abruña has been the recipient of numerous awards
including a Presidential Young Investigator Award, A. P. Sloan Fellowship, J. S. Guggenheim
Fellowship and J. W. Fulbright Senior Fellow. He is the recipient of the Electrochemistry Award
for the American Chemical Society (2008), and the C.N. Reilley Award in Electrochemistry for
2007. He was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in
2007, member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007 and Fellow of the
International Society of Electrochemistry in 2008. He received the D. C. Grahame Award from
the Electrochemical Society for 2009, the Faraday Medal of the Royal Society for 2011, the Brian
Conway Prize from the International Society of Electrochemistry for 2013, was named Fellow of
the Electrochemical Society in 2013 and in 2017 was the recipient of the Gold Medal of the
International Society of Electrochemistry. Most recently, he was elected member of the National
Academy of Sciences (2018) was awarded the A. J. Bard Award of the Electrochemical Society
(2019) and the Frumkin Medal of the International Society of Electrochemistry (2019). Prof.
Abruña is the co-author of over 490 publications (h-index = 99) and has given over 630 invited
lectures world-wide. He considers his 56 Ph.D. students and 70 Post-Doctoral associates as his
most important professional achievement.
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Luis A. Echegoyen
Luis Echegoyen has been the Robert A. Welch Chair Professor of Chemistry at the University of
Texas at El Paso since August 2010 and was elected President of the American Chemical Society
in 2018, so he will serve as president elect in 2019 and as president in 2020. He was the Director
of the Chemistry Division at the National Science Foundation from August, 2006 until August,
2010 where he was instrumental in establishing new funding programs and research centers. He
was simultaneously a Professor of Chemistry at Clemson University in South Carolina, where he
maintained a very active research program with interests in fullerene electrochemistry, monolayer
films, supramolecular chemistry, endohedral fullerene chemistry and electrochemistry; and
carbon nanoonions, synthesis, derivatization and fractionation. He served as Chair for the
Department of Chemistry at Clemson from 2002 until his NSF appointment. Luis has published
426 research articles and 47 book chapters and his current h index is 83 (Google Scholar, 11-1-
19). He was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003
and has been the recipient of many awards, including the 1996 Florida ACS Award, the 1997
University of Miami Provost Award for Excellence in Research, the 2007 Herty Medal Award from
the ACS Georgia Section, the 2007 Clemson University Presidential Award for Excellence in
Research, and the 2007 University of Puerto Rico Distinguished Alumnus Award. He was also
selected as an ACS Fellow in 2011 and was the first recipient of the ACS Award for Recognizing
Underrepresented Minorities in Chemistry for Excellence in Research & Development, also in
2011. Luis is a coveted speaker who has to his record over 469 scientific invited lectures and
presentations. He has delivered several named lectureships in places like Northwestern
University, Georgia Tech., UC-Riverside and is a member of several international advisory
boards, such as the IMDEA-Nanoscience Center in Madrid and Physical Chemistry of Solid
Surfaces (PCOSS) Center at Xiamen University in China. He has been the editor in chief of the
Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry, a Wiley publication, since 2010.
Luis was born in Habana, Cuba in 1951. His family moved to Puerto Rico in 1960, where he spent
his formative years. He received a BS in Chemistry and a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from the
University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of
Wisconsin, Madison, and a research scientist at Union Carbide Corporation in Bound Brook, New
Jersey. Realizing that his vocation was in academic research and teaching, he returned as
Assistant Professor to the University of Puerto Rico in 1977. Luis was invited to serve as Program
Officer in the Chemical Dynamics Program at NSF in 1981, and he held a simultaneous Adjunct
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Associate Professor position at the University of Maryland, College Park during his work at the
NSF. He moved to the University of Miami in 1982, where he served as Associate Professor and
Professor for 18 years. While at Miami, he took two very rewarding sabbatical leaves: one at Louis
Pasteur University in Strasbourg, France in 1990, where he collaborated with Professor Jean-
Marie Lehn, and a second one at the ETH in Zurich, Switzerland in 1997, where he worked with
Professor François Diederich. Luis maintains active research collaborations with researchers in
Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland, Poland and all across the US. Luis has been
continuously funded since the start of his academic career, and is proud to have directed the
research of a very large number of undergraduate and graduate students in Puerto Rico, Miami,
Clemson and Texas, all of whom have gone on to successful academic, professional, and
industrial careers.
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2019 Excellence in
Chemistry Education
Award
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Dr. Carlos Cabrera
Professor Carlos R. Cabrera is Director of the NSF-PREM Center for Interfacial Electrochemistry
for Energy Materials (CIE2M) and the NSF-CREST Center for Innovation, Research and
Education in Environmental Nanotechnology (CIRE2N) Programs at the Río Piedras Campus. He
obtained a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Cornell University in 1987, under the supervision of Professor
Héctor Abruña. He then was a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the University of Texas at
Austin from 1987 to 1989 working with Prof. Allen Bard. He started as an Assistant Professor at
the Department of Chemistry of the University of Puerto Rico in 1989, where he is now a Full
Professor. He was a NASA Administrator Fellow at the NASA Glenn Research Center in 2000-
2001. His research interests are in the areas of nanomaterials for alkaline fuel cells, dye sensitized
solar cells, microbial fuel cells, and nanobiosensors. He founded the Nanoscopy Facility at UPR
with UPR and NASA-URC funds, was the first Scientific Director of the UPR’s Molecular Sciences
Research Center, and was Associate Vice-President for Research and Development of the UPR
System. He has over 200 highly cited publications in peer-reviewed journals and has contributed
to seven textbooks. He is in the Editorial Board as Associate Editor for Journal of Nanotechnology,
and has been a member of the Editorial Review Board and Associate Editor of Research Letters
in Nanotechnology, and Journal of Nano Education.
He has helped develop state-of-the-art infrastructure and has been a pioneer in Puerto Rico and
the Caribbean in establishing various centers for nanotechnology research and other new areas
of chemistry. In these centers he has brought collaborations with researchers from numerous
institutions, such as NASA Glenn Research Center, Ames Research Center, Johnson Space
Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Langley Research Center, Brookhaven National
Laboratory , Cornell University and its Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), and
the Universidad de Alicante, among others.
Prof. Cabrera has received numerous awards, such as the Scholarly Productivity Award (SPA)-
EPSCoR, UPR in 1989-2001, the Excellence in Teaching and Productivity Award, UPR in1998,
the University of Puerto Rico President’s Research Award in 2000, he was named Professor-
Researcher of the year in 2007 given by the Chemistry Graduate Student Society at UPR, and
won the Igaravídez Award from the Puerto Rico Section of the American Chemical Society in
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2010. He has won over 40 competitive research grants from different agencies such as the
National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),
and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), among others, and has distinguished himself as
scientific entrepreneur with the establishment of companies where sensors for the detection of
diseases have been developed.
Prof. Cabrera has taught more than ten different courses during his career at UPR and is one of
a few professors who has given courses beyond UPR through distance learning from Cornell
University and Brookhaven National Laboratory, with students from UPR and other institutions.
He has been a mentor of over 100 undergraduate students and over 40 graduate students (35
who have obtained Ph.D. and 8 M.S. degrees). Through the centers that he has established he
has contributed to the formation of over 1,000 preschool to university students and the
development of new faculty, including the creation of the NanoSummer Camp sponsored by the
Center for Advanced Nanoscale Materials (funded by NASA-University Research Center) which
trained 12 High School teachers and students per year at UPR-Río Piedras, Mayagüez, and
Cayey campuses in nanotechnology. He was a member of the Steering Committee of the NIH-
BUILDing SCHOLARS Center at UT-El Paso, and Vice-Chair of INCREASE (Interdisciplinary
Consortium for Research and Educational Access in Science and Engineering). His commitment
to the quality of education in our country is reflected in all his education and knowledge
dissemination initiatives in his research centers, which provide opportunities to teachers,
students, researchers and the community.
Professor Cabrera was President of the Puerto Rico Section of the ACS in 1996 and in 2018 and
has been in the Board of Directors of the Nanotechnology Technical Advisory Group (TAG) of the
President’s Council.
19
PLENARY LECTURE
ABSTRACTS
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PL-1
Physical evidence examinations and comparisons; from basic research to

standardized forensic practice.
José R. Almirall, Ph.D.
International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, FL
almirall@fiu.edu
Elemental analysis of glass using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
(LA-ICP-MS) has been a standard method for the analysis and comparison of glass evidence for
some time [1-6] and is considered the “Gold Standard” in forensic glass examinations. The ASTM
E2927 method for LA-ICP-MS of float glass [7] describes the analytical measurement and
recommends a (match) criterion when comparing the multi-element data derived from this
method. This presentation describes the evolution of glass evidence examinations over the last 2
decades concluding with a collaborative effort to establish an objective and quantitative
calculation of the weight of the evidence in the comparison of glass fragments when no differences
in the multi-element analysis of glass are found, using a likelihood ratio (LR). The use of a
continuous LR provides a quantitative measure of the strength of the evidence (source level) and
accounts for the rarity of an elemental profile through the use of a glass database. In our most
recent work, two glass databases were used to evaluate the performance of the LR; the first
database comprised 420 vehicle windshield samples, while the second database comprised 398
known glass samples from casework. The two-level model proposed by Aitken, Zadora, and Lucy
was used for the calculation of the LR. However, this model led to unreasonable (too high or too
low) LRs. A Pool Adjacent Violators (PAV) algorithm post-hoc calibration step [8] was necessary
in order to improve the accuracy of the likelihood ratio. The results of the calibrated LR, and a
comparison to the match criteria currently in use is presented as a viable alternative for the
reporting of the weight of glass evidence that is both objective and quantitative [9-11].
1.Trejos, T. and Almirall J.R., Effect of fractionation on the elemental analysis of glass using laser ablation
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), Analytical Chemistry, 2004, 76(5) 1236-1242.
2.Latkoczy, C., Becker, S., Ducking, M., Gunther, D., Hoogewerff, J.A., Almirall, J.R., et al., Development
and evaluation of a standard method for the quantitative determination of elements in float glass samples
by LA-ICP-MS, Journal of Forensic Science, Vol 50, No. 6, 2006, 1327.
3.Weis, P., Dücking, M., Watzke, P., Menges, S., Becker, S., Establishing a match criterion in forensic
comparison analysis of float glass using LA-ICP-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. Vol 26, 2011, 1273.
4.Trejos… Almirall, J.R., Cross-validation and evaluation of the performance of methods for the elemental
analysis of glass by μ-XRF, ICP-MS, and LA-ICP-MS, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 405, 2013, 5393.
5.Trejos, T.… Almirall, J.R., Forensic analysis of glass by μ-XRF, SN-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS and LA-ICP-
OES: evaluation of the performance of different criteria for comparing elemental composition, J. Anal. At.
Spectrom. Vol 28, 2013, 1270.
6.Dorn, H., Ruddle, D.E., Heydon, A., Burton, B., Discrimination of float glass by LA-ICP-MS: assessment
of exclusion criteria using casework samples, Can. Soc. Forensic Science, Vol 48, No. 3 2015, p. 85.
7.ASTM E2927-18, Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass
Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons,
ASTM.
8.D. Ramos and J. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Reliable Support: Measuring Calibration of Likelihood Ratios,
Forensic Science International, 2013, 230 (1-3) 156-169.
9.Corzo R., Hoffman T., Weis P., Franco-Pedroso J., Ramos D., and Almirall J.R., The Use of LA-ICP-MS
Databases to Estimate Likelihood Ratios for the Forensic Analysis of Glass Evidence, Talanta, 2018,
186(15) 655-661.
10.Hoffman, T., Corzo, R., …., JR Almirall, An Interlaboratory Evaluation of LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Glass
and the Use of a Database for the Interpretation of Glass Evidence, For. Chem., 2018, (11) 65-76.
21
PL-2
Energy Conversion and Storage: Novel

Materials and Operando Methods
Héctor D. Abruña
Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and
Center for Alkaline Based Energy Solutions (CABES)
Energy Materials Center at Cornell (emc2)
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853 USA
hda1@cornell.edu
This presentation will deal with the development of new materials and operando methods for
energy conversion and storage with emphasis on fuel cells and battery materials and
technologies. The presentation will begin with a brief overview of the methods employed.
Particular emphasis will be placed on the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption
spectroscopy (XAS) X-ray microscopy and tomography and transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) under active potential control. The utility of these methods will be illustrated by selected
examples including electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen oxidation
reaction (HOR) and spectroscopic studies of Li/S and Li/Se batteries and Li metal deposition and
dendritic growth. The presentation will conclude with an assessment of future directions.
22
PL-3
Actinide-based buckyball maracas: Fullerene cages as nanocontainers that

stabilize monometallic and actinide clusters inside
Luis Echegoyen1, Wenting Cai1, Josep M. Poblet2
1University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
2Quimica Fisica i Inorganica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Monometallic uranium endohedral fullerene compounds with formula U@C2n where 2n =

72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84 86, 88 and 90 have been prepared in an arc-discharge reactor
using U3O8 as the starting material. Many of these have been purified using HPLC
techniques and have been fully characterized using many techniques, including MALDI
MS, UV-Vis, electrochemistry, etc, but more importantly, with single crystal X-Ray
diffractometry. Interestingly, the majority of these compounds obey the isolated pentagon
rule (IPR) so all five-membered rings are adjacent to five six-membered rings, but there
are some exceptions, namely U@C76 and U@C80, which possess non-IPR carbon cage
structures. The reason for these exceptions is due to strong interactions of U with the
cage via the metal 5f orbitals. More interestingly we have observed never-reported U-
based clusters with formula U2X (X = C, N, O, and S) encapsulated inside C 2n with 2n =
72, 78 and 80. More recently, we have isolated UGd@C72 and UGd@C78 and also fully
characterized these. The most recent structural and properties on some of these
compounds will be presented and discussed.
23
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
ABSTRACTS
24
Oral Presentation
A1
Molybdenum-Catalyzed Hydrodeoxygenation of Tartaric Acid to Succinic
Acid
Nacy, A.1, Ruiz-Valentín, G.1, Pagán-Torres, Y.1, Albarracín-Suazo, S.1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR
00680
yomairaj.pagan@upr.edu
Production of high-value-added chemicals from various biomass and bio waste starting materials
has gained tremendous interest in the last two decades. Synthesis of dicarboxylic acid building
blocks from their respective sugar acid derivatives is an attractive route for the valorization of
biomass. Succinic acid (SA), also known as butanedioic acid, is a highly desirable building block
that has many industrial applications with a market value of USD 130 million/year. At present, SA
is mainly produced from the petroleum-based route through the production of maleic anhydride
intermediate. Recently, bio-based SA has been manufactured by fermentation of glucose using
engineered micro-organisms. However, it suffers from significant drawbacks, ranging from low
productivity, high nutrient requirements, and the costly downstream recovery and purification of
the final product. More recently, tartaric acid (TA) has been proposed as a viable starting material
to produce SA and its ester derivatives via deoxygenation reactions over homogeneous or
heterogeneous catalysts. However, most of these studies require the isolation of the reaction
intermediates, utilization of precious metals, and/or formation of side-reaction products. In this
work, we present a heterogeneous MoOx-Pd/TiO2 catalyst in which SA is produced by
hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of TA to SA in >96% yield. A series of MoOx-Pd/TiO2 catalysts were
synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature program reduction (TPR),
and elemental analysis with the aim of studying the effect of noble metal loading and surface
MoOx structures on the HDO of TA. Kinetic studies suggest the HDO of TA proceeds by direct C-
O bond cleavage of TA to the intermediate malic acid. Furthermore, catalyst stability studies
indicate MoOx-Pd/TiO2 retains initial HDO activity upon reuse.
KEYWORDS: Molybdenum oxide, Hydrodeoxygenation, Succinic Acid
25
Oral Presentation
A2
Unraveling Estrogen-Metabolizing Microbial Bioprospects in the Guanica
Dry Forest
Soriano, B.1, Ríos-Velázquez, C.1, Trujillo-Rodríguez, L.2
1University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
2University of Florida
carlos.rios5@upr.edu
17-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 17-estradiol (E2) are two estrogenic hormones that are of
ecological/human importance. Studies showed that even 1ng of EE2 affects ecosystem balance
causing the feminization of fish. Simultaneously, E2 may pose a threat to human health with a
possible link to diseases such as Alzheimer’s and breast cancer. E2 and EE2, have a
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Contaminant Monitoring Rule 3, with a minimum
reporting level of 0.0004g and 0.0009g respectively. In this study, we used previously identified
cultivable estrogen-bio-degradating-microorganisms from Guanica Dry Forrest (Guanica, PR) soil
samples. A total of 21 possible bioprospects capable of using E2 and/or EE2 as a sole carbon
source were macroscopically and microscopically characterize. The 16S sequencing
demonstrated that most of the bioprospects belonged to (but not limited) Bacillus sp. To test the
ability of estrogen degradation of the bioprospects, growth curves were done using a minimal
media (M9): without a carbon source, with glucose, and estradiol E2:EE2 (1:1). Using a Tecan
microplate reader, optical density (OD) measures were taken every thirty minutes for a total
24hour period. Using the Infostat software for statistical analysis, no statistical differences were
found on the usage of estradiol as sole carbon source as that of glucose in a 24hour time spam.
This is likely due to delayed assimilation because of the presence of the benzene in the core of
the estradiol, which entitles a ring cleavage that can be difficult to achieve. Therefore, we expect
to expand the experiment to a total of 72 hours monitoring OD for further analysis. These data
results support the biodiversity and metabolic versatility of the Guanica Dry Forest. Moreover, the
results from these experiments could potentially lead to the development of novel water
biotreatments, in the efforts of removing unwanted chemicals from our water bodies such as
hormones.
26
Oral Presentation
A3
Influence of Dilution Rate and pH Control in the Growth Rate of P. vulgaris
During Batch Simulations of a Wastewater Continuous Bioreactor
Cardona-Vélez, W.1, Barreto, D.1, Rojas, A.1, Cabrera, C.1
1University of Puerto Rico – Río Piedras Campus
wilfredo.cardona1@upr.edu
The transportation of goods to a spacecraft such as is, delivering water to the International Space
Station (ISS), is expensive. A course of action to lower cost of water supplies is to reuse
wastewater. The ISS water reclamation process is controlled by the Environmental Control and
Life Support Systems (ECLSS). The ECLSS requires to be enhanced, since the wastewater
treatment and water recovery system (WRS) has a durability limitation of approximately 74% of
water recovery. The existing recovery system decrease with time due to contaminant received
through wastewater. To provide self-sustainable technology we’re focus on WRS from urine,
which contributes >50% of the wastewater in space. Hence, developing a bacteria-based
continuous bioreactor-electrochemical reactor that can be paired with current ECLSS technology,
can increase the WRS efficiency. Herein, were explored some of the parameters required to
optimize a continuous bioreactor. The present work demonstrates the impact of controlling pH
and media flow rate in the grow rate of a P. vulgaris culture in Basal Synthetic Human Urine with
amino acid and glucose (BSHU). In contrast to previous batch experiments the bioreactor’s flow
rate and pH control simulation generate an increase in bacteria life spawn in BSHU to at least
24hr.
27
Oral Presentation
A4
Block-Copolymer Derived Nanoporous Thin Films for the Development of a
L-BMAA Aptamer-Based Biosensor
Santiago-Maldonado, X.1, Ríos—Delgado, A.1, Nicolau-López, E.1
1University of Puerto Rico – Río Piedras Campus
xaimara.santiago@upr.edu
Produced by diverse cyanobacteria, -N-methylamino-l-alanine (L-BMAA) is a non-protein

neurotoxic cyanotoxin that has been linked to an elevated incidence of neurodegenerative
diseases such Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease and Multiple Lateral Sclerosis. The
continuing rising of water temperatures and eutrophication of the water bodies propitiate the
increment and size of harmful algal blooms, subsequently increasing the production of L-BMAA
and other cyanotoxins. This toxin is known to bioaccumulate in plants, animals and humans.
Currently, the detection of L-BMAA in water is limited by its hydrophilicity, absence of ultraviolet
and fluorescent properties, and the isomers that cause false positives. Given the threat that this
cyanotoxin could represent to the long-term human health, it is imperative to develop new
analytical techniques for its detection in water. Therefore, this project proposes the development
of an impedimetric aptamer-based biosensor, using block-copolymer (BCP’s) derived nanoporous
thin films as the electrode, for the detection of L-BMAA. Our hypothesis is that the development
of such aptasensor will lead to the advancement of an innovative device for a sensitive, portable,
economic and flexible way to achieve the detection of the cyanotoxin in water. To achieve this,
we used BCP polystyrene-poly(methylmethacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA), known to form cylinder-like
structures, to create recessed nanodisk-array electrodes (RNEs). These cylindrical
nanostructures provide primary mass transport pathways for ionic and redox active species which
changes upon analyte binding, making them ideal to use in biosensing applications. The
nanoporous electrodes were prepared by spin-coating a PS-b-PMMA solution in toluene over
gold-coated silicon wafers, followed by thermal annealing and UV etching. Different annealing
times, temperatures and UV exposure has been used in order to produce the alignment of the
cylindrical polymer microdomains in a vertical fashion over the surface of the electrode. The
prepared films were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS), to confirm the formation of RNE’s. Under specific sets of conditions, CV data
shows sigmoidal curves at high scan rates characteristic of RNE’s, suggesting the formation of
this type of nanopores with a sufficiently large distance among them to attain radial diffusion.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the samples evidence the formation of vertical
nanopores but mixed with horizontal alignments. Furthermore, grazing incident small angle x-ray
scattering (GISAXS)11 suggests that the polymer was well-dispersed among the surface although
the expected scattering profile for RNEs is missing. Future work includes the optimization of the
electrode preparation methods and the selection of a L-BMAA specific aptamer through graphene
oxide-assisted selection evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (GO-SELEX).
28
Oral Presentation
A5
Eco toxicity of nanomaterials in marine ecosystems through the study of

the metabolic response of Vibrio fischeri as a model microorganism
Torres-Díaz, M.1, Díaz-Vázquez, L.1
1University of Puerto Rico – Rio Piedras Campus
marielys.torres2@upr.edu
The presence of emerging contaminants, specifically nanomaterials in the environment represent

a potential risk for the human health and the environment itself. Development of a monitoring
strategy for this type of contaminants is challenging the scientific community due to their chemical
variability and unpredictable behavior. There is a need for new techniques and methods to
address the analysis of nanomaterials in the environment and to understand their transformation,
migration and potential effects to the ecosystems. To overcome this problem, the use of
biomarkers has been proposed as biological indicators. Vibrio fischeri is an appropriate model
organism to study the toxicity of chemical substances in water samples because is a naturally
bioluminescent microorganism which metabolism is directly linked to the light emission process
with an enzymatic reaction. In this work, the study of the metabolic response of V. fischeri to the
exposition of nanomaterials is evaluated through untargeted metabolomics and bioluminescence
analyses. Preliminary results indicated that the presence of metallic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)
are responsible for disruption in the metabolic pathways of V. fischeri. The AuNPs did cause
changes in the bioluminescence emission process by decreasing the measured intensities, and
in some cases the growth pattern was also affected. The effects are different, depending on the
type of nanomaterial and the surface stabilizing agents, such as peptides, polysaccharides or a
combination of biomolecules. However, a broader complementary analysis including untargeted
metabolomics, proteomics and oxidative stress response is needed to elucidate the disruption
and establish the mechanism of action.
Entrepreneurial Projections:
This project is intended to develop an analytical technique as a bioassay to address the monitoring
of nanomaterials through the marine ecosystem and the determination of their potential hazards.
29
Oral Presentation
B1
Commercialization Analysis of the Cell Manufacturing Industry
Hernández-Torres, M.1, Rivera-Campos, D.1, Zapata-Ramos, M.1,
Ruíz-Vera, I.1, Alicea-Fret, N.1
1University of Puerto Rico- Mayagüez Campus
michelle.hernandez15@upr.edu
Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), based on a National Science Foundation (NSF)

research grant, is responsible for the research and development of new technologies that will
provide affordable cell therapy treatments for cancer and degenerative diseases. The research is
important for the biotechnology industry and pharmaceutical industry because it is analyzing the
commercialization potential of cell manufacturing therapies.
CMaT is being worked on by four different academic institutions (Georgia Institute of Technology,
University of Wisconsin- Madison, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez Campus UPRM, and
University of Georgia), small and medium-sized enterprises, and faculty members from
engineering, sciences, and business administration. The Innovation Ecosystem of CMaT at
UPRM is working on (1) identifying market opportunities for CMaT innovators,(2) identifying a
commercialization model that is the best fit in the cell manufacturing industry, and (3) developing
a Small Business Innovation Research/ Small Business Transfer (SBIR/STTR) guide for CMaT
Innovators.
This is being achieved by analyzing the opportunities and limitations of political, economic, social,
technological, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) tendencies in the biotechnology and
biopharma industries. The results of the PESTEL analysis showed that the industry is very
competitive because of the appearance of new players in the cell manufacturing industry. Also,
the innovation ecosystem team is identifying and analyzing commercialization models within the
biotechnology sector to test, and attending entrepreneurial workshops for the development of the
SBIR/ STTR guide. The conclusion of the analysis is that in order to be successful in this type of
industry you would need to specialize in a specific type of stem cell therapy and that the
opportunities and limitations identified in the PESTEL analysis needs to be taken into
consideration when choosing a commercialization model. The team will be presenting the
conclusion of the PESTEL Analysis and recommendations of potential commercialization models.
Keywords: cell therapy, commercialization, market evaluation
CMaT, based on an NSF research grant, is creating affordable cell based therapies to treat cancer
and degenerative diseases. The Innovation Ecosystem team within CMaT at UPRM is identifying
market opportunities in the cell manufacturing industry for the future commercialization of CMaT
innovations.
30
Oral Presentation
B2
Puerto Rico and the Cell Therapies Manufacturing Global Value Chain:
Detailed Mapping of the Existing Pharma/Biotechnology Industry in Puerto
Rico
Hernández-Rovira, M.1, Matos, G.1, Cordero, J.1, Sierra, T.1, Bonilla, L.1, De Hoyos M.1
1University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
moraima.dehoyos1@upr.edu
Cell-based therapeutics have the potential to present the scientific and medical communities with
the ability to treat life-threatening diseases with high precision and relative ease. As such, these
therapies have received plenty of attention from companies interested in mass producing and
delivering them to the public. Due to the novelty of cell-based therapeutics, production efforts are
currently confined to a limited number of facilities, and companies are in the process of expanding
to other locations. As part of the CMaT Business Administration division’s work, Puerto Rico’s
potential to become a hub for the development and manufacture of cell-based therapeutics was
studied. Key stakeholders in the island’s Biotech and Pharma industries, which include
manufacturers, organizations, higher education entities, suppliers, service providers and the
government, have been analyzed using a combination of secondary sources such as peer-
reviewed articles and government reports and exploratory interviews. Of the 30 manufacturing
companies established in Puerto Rico, five have been identified to be working with large
molecules and nineteen are known to have some involvement in the CMaT industry worldwide.
Furthermore, over 33 universities throughout the island have been identified that offer degrees in
the sciences and engineering majors that are relevant to the industry, and there are more than 86
suppliers of raw materials, equipment and supporting services. Finally, there are currently three
accredited institutions that may be able to provide these therapies to patients, as well as over 25
incentives for economic development provided by the government. In the near future, various
stakeholders of the biotech and pharmaceutical industries interviewed in depth to have a better
view of how CMaT can leverage the current state of the industry to allow Puerto Rico to play a
central role in the development and deployment of cell-based therapies.
Keywords: Cell Manufacturing, GVC, Stakeholders mapping
31
Oral Presentation
B3
Polymers and Aptamer-Modified Microelectrodes for the Selectively
Detection of Neuropeptide Y.
López, L.1, Flores, K.1, Lozano, K.1, Cunci, L.1
1Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Gurabo Campus
llopez292@email.suagm.edu
The development of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and amperometry was brought for a
better understanding of the brain chemistry, allowing researchers to study sub-second processes
related to electroactive biomolecules. However, there is still non-electroactive molecules for which
there are no methods available with sub-second resolution to link their release and the behaviors
reported. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), are related to many behaviors of life, such as stress, PTSD, and
eating habits. Our long-term goal is to measure different neuropeptides selectively to understand
the neurobiology of the release and degradation, as well as their mechanism of action.
Microelectrodes have been constantly used for the detection of biomolecules such as dopamine,
serotonin and neuropeptides. Modifications of the surface of the carbon microelectrode using
conductive polymers such as polypyrrole and polyaniline is often used to test the sensitivity and
selectivity of the biomolecules at the surface of the electrode. Electrochemical Impedance
Spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to measure the absorption and the relationship between the
solution at the surface of the microelectrode of different biomolecules. The main objective in this
work is to create new type of carbon microelectrodes that can measure NPY using EIS after the
separation of biomolecules done by the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) at
different time retention. Scanning Electrode Microscope (SEM) and Cyclic Voltammetry were
used to characterized the carbon fiber microelectrodes. This microelectrodes also were modified
with polymers and single strained DNA aptamers to improve the sensitivity and selectivity in the
detection of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. An electrochemical flow cell was designed and
paired with an inert high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system to characterize the
response seen in electrochemical impedance of the microelectrodes.
Keywords: Neuropeptides, Neurotransmitters, Impedance.
32
Oral Presentation
B4
Reprogramming an iron(II)- and 2-(oxo)-glutarate-dependent hydroxylase to
halogenate aliphatic N-succinyl-L-amino acids.
Rivera-Pomales, P.1, Boal, A.1, Mitchell, A.1
1Penn State University
pxr193@psu.edu
Iron(II)- and 2-(oxo)-glutarate-(Fe/2OG)-dependent oxygenases perform diverse transformations

of unactivated C-H bonds. The range of possible chemistry in this enzyme platform suggests that
catalytic activities can be reprogrammed by mutagenesis or use of substrate analogs. In this work,
we show that Fe/2OG amino acid hydroxylase SadA can be converted to a halogenase by a single
active site substitution. Substrate scope investigation shows that product partition and extent of
turnover can be modulated based on side chain identity. The work suggests that Fe/2OG
reprogramming can be exploited to install useful functional groups at inert aliphatic sites.
Keywords: (Fe/2OG)-dependent oxygenases, unactivated C-H bonds, hydroxylase, halogenase
33
Oral Presentation
B5
Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species in Hemeproteins
Peroxidative Reactions via Sulfheme Derivatives
López-Garriga, J.1
1University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus
juan.lopez16@upr.edu
Myoglobin (Mb) and Hemoglobin (Hb) bind oxygen with high affinity, and under certain conditions
generate heme compound III (Fe(III)-O-O-) species, which can produce superoxide radicals
(O2*). Similarly, heme-peroxidases like Lactoperoxidase (LPO) react with hydrogen peroxide
leading to the formation of Compound I Heme-Ferryl radical (FeIV=O*). Both of these reactive
oxygen species (ROS) produce proteins amino acids radicals, which constrain the hemeprotein
function. The discovery of the endogenous formation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its
physiological functions raised questions about its biological transport and chemical reactions with
relevant proteins molecules, including heme proteins. Hydrogen sulfide reacting with MbO2 and
HbO2 produces a stable SulfMb and SulfHb derivatives with a decreased oxygen affinity by 2,500
and 135 times, respectively. Curiously, LPO in the presence of H 2O2 and H2S yields a sulfLPO to
LPO turnover, which is not consistent with sulfheme decomposition to regenerate hydrogen
sulfide. Pilot analysis suggests that the turnover process generates oxidized sulfur species, most
likely sulfate (SO42-) and polysulfides (HSx-x = 2-9). Therefore, the sulfheme decay does not
create a functional H2S transport pathway in biological systems. Ab-initio Quantum Mechanical
calculations of the reaction between MbO2 and rHbIGlnE7His-H2O2 complexes with hydrogen
sulfide allows defining the mechanisms of sulfheme formation. In the heme active site, H 2S
donates a hydrogen atom (proton and electron) to the distal oxygen atom through homolytic
cleavage of the S-H bond to form the intermediate Ferryl Compound II leading to the sulfheme
product, with energy decays of ~ 60 kcal/mol and ~140 Kcal/mol, respectively. The results show
that Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits the formation of stable radical intermediate species, and no radicals
or ROS species are present at the end of the reaction defining the antioxidant character of
hydrogen sulfide in these peroxidative environments.
Keywords: hydrogen sulfide, heme proteins, sulfheme species
34
Oral Presentation
B6
Zirconium phosphate for electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction
of water splitting
Colón, J.1, La Luz-Rivera, K.1, Ramos-Garcés, M.1, Sánchez, J.2, Jaramillo, T.2
1University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
2Stanford University
jorge.colon10@upr.edu
Zirconium phosphate (ZrP) is an inorganic ion-exchange material that has been extensively
studied ever since it was prepared for the first time in crystalline form more than 50 years ago.
ZrP nanoparticles have been proposed as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction of
water splitting. We recently compared the catalytic efficiency of ZrP nanoparticles ion-exchanged
with transition metals (Fe, Ni, Co) in the interior of the layers as well as in the external surface to
a system in which the metal catalyst confined exclusively to the external surface. Linear sweep
voltammetry revealed that the system with metal on the external surface is a better electrocatalyst
than the one with metals in the interior surface of the interlayers. This result prompted us to study
a system of exfoliated ZrP particles which provide only external surface to the metal ions. The
exfoliated system has higher activity that the non-exfoliated one. More recently, nanoparticles
with different morphologies (hexagonal platelets, rods, cubes, and spheres) have been studied
and their efficiency as catalysts compared. Extensive characterization of these systems with X-
ray powder diffraction, Uv-vis, IR, X-ray photoelectron, 31P-NMR, and SEM-EDS spectroscopies,
and thermogravimetric analysis are essential to study the different systems. The results of these
investigations will be presented.
Keywords:
zirconium phosphate, electrocatalysis, water splitting
35
Oral Presentation
C1
Traceability of raw material batches in a pharmaceutical continuous
manufacturing system
Sanchez-Paternina, A.1, Martínez-Cartagena, P.1, Román-Opsino, A.1,
Romanach, R.1, Jingzhe, L.1
1Center for Structured Organic Particulate Systems (C-SOPS), Department of Chemistry,
University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez Campus,
adriluz.sanchez@upr.edu
Pharmaceutical product manufacturers have been implementing continuous production

processes as one of the main approaches to modernizing and advancing pharmaceutical
manufacturing. The traceability of raw materials needs to be addressed in continuous processes.
Characterization and modelling of residence time distribution (RTD) has been studied to evaluate
material traceability, understanding the definition of batch/lot in continuous manufacturing (CM)
process, and to reject intermediate materials or non-conforming finished products. A residence
time distribution model for a feeder, blender, and chute continuous assembly was developed via
continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) (tanks-in-series). In-line Near Infrared measurements
were collected on the chute of the continuous system to monitor step-response experiments. Two
materials that exhibit similar behavior during processing (surrogate materials) were used to
simulate switches of raw material batches. The step-response experiments where raw material
batch changes were simulated showing that the transition between the first and second batch with
an average duration of 0.38 minutes.
Keywords: Traceability, Surrogate materials, Raw material batches, Continuous manufacturing

(CM), Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), Multivariate data analysis (MDA), Variographic
analysis.
36
Oral Presentation
C2
Nano-Engineered Mortars with Pozzolanic Material for Structural
Patchment
Castro, A.1, Lorenzo, C.2, Suárez, O.M.1, Hall, K.1, Torrez, N.3
1Civil Engineering and Surveying Department, University of Puerto Rico – Mayaguez Campus
2Engineering Science and Materials, University of Puerto Rico – Mayaguez Campus
3NAVAIR, MD
alfer.castro@upr.edu
Mortars, combinations of cement, sand, and water, become concrete, the most used building
material, with the addition of gravel. When a structural element critical to the integrity of a building
suffers low to medium damages, rapid fixing becomes imperative for continued operation.
Remediation technologies to prevent the final decommission of the structure entail external
bracing, or removal of the section for subsequent reconstruction. However, the longevity of the
structure could be extended by simplifying the restoration method. Prolonging the usage period
will subsequently reduce the waste material produced by demolition. Mortars with sufficient
bonding and mechanical strength are alternative remedies to restore the original strength of the
failed structural element. In the present research, we developed a specialized mortar containing
nanostructured SiO2 that improves most of cement paste properties. The aforementioned
nanoparticles enhance the cement hydration and densify the mix. The addition of pozzolanic
material such as metakaoline and fly ash cause a secondary chemical reaction, allowing the
calcium silicate hydrate reaction to occur. These experimental mortars are evaluated in two
scenarios: compression and flexural tests of a concrete beam bearing a mortar patchment. The
compressive strength is measured at 24 hours, 7, and 28 days of aging. The optimization of the
mortar design is a key aspect in determining the most effective way of delivering the repair
methodology. This analysis is done by examining more than 20 combinations of all three main
cement-substituting materials: nanosilica, fly ash, and metakaolin. In addition, the mixtures
incorporate a water-reducing agent and an adhesive bonding admixture component. With further
enhancement, the proposed mortar will attain adequate early age strength and superior bonding
properties for a rapid restoration of the damaged structure.
Keywords: Nano-Science, Nano Particle Concrete, Structural Concrete Restoration
37
Oral Presentation
C3
Synthesis and Characterization of Cu Oxide Nanostructures Grown by a
Vapor-Solid Process
Torres, D.1, Cremades, A.2, Maestre, D.2
1Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Bayamón Campus
2Universidad Complutense de Madrid
ditorres@bayamon.inter.edu
Transparent semiconducting oxides (TSO) are essential components of high performance

electronic devices. There are few materials that exhibit simultaneously good conductivity and high
transparency in the visible part of the spectrum. Both properties are required in great diversity of
devices such as flat-panel displays. In particular, tin oxide nanostructures have started playing
important roles in energy conversion devices and optoelectronic devices. Copper doping of tin
oxide thin films has been demonstrated to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensors.
The main advantage of this method is that the resistance response could be altered by choice of
an appropriate concentration of only one acceptor or donor. Other potential applications of copper
doped tin oxide are related to their photo-catalytic activity and antibacterial behaviour.
A catalyst free vapor-solid method [1], using commercial Cu and Sn powder of 99% purity was
used as starting materials. The powder was pressed to form pellets and were annealed at 900
C under argon flow for 10 h. For the doped samples, the precursor powder was mixed and milled
using different amounts of Cu to Sn weight ratio in the initial mixture. Nanostructures with different
kind of morphology grew on the doped pellet surface, which acts simultaneously as the source of
the precursor material and as a substrate. Studies of the morphology and characterization of the
as-grown nanostructures with SEM, EDS, cathodoluminescence (CL) and Raman techniques
were performed. Doping not only induce the growing of nano- and micro-structures with different
morphologies as compared to the undoped material, but also induce changes in the Raman and
CL spectra of tin oxide.
[1] M. García-Tecedor, D. Maestre, A. Cremades, and J. Piqueras, J. Phys. Chem. C, 120 (38),
pp 22028 (2016).
Keywords:
semiconductor, nanoparticle, copper oxide
38
Oral Presentation
C4
Using GCxGC-HRTOFMS and DART-HRTOFMS to Analyze Complex
Materials
Dane, J.1
1JEOL USA, Inc
jdane@jeol.com
In this work a thermal modulator two dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) system was
interfaced to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HRTOFMS) in order to analyze
complex samples by using electron ionization (EI), field ionization (FI), photoionization (PI), and
chemical ionization (CI).In this section of the presentation, a series of studies will be presented
that involve the analysis of a variety of complex mixtures. Additionally, a comparison among the
different ionization techniques will also be presented. Direct Analysis in Real-Time (DART)-TOF
MS is a unique technology that allows for the instantaneous analysis of smaller molecules from
surfaces (typically ≤ 1000Da). Moreover, the samples can often be analyzed in their native state,
with little to no sample preparation. In this section of the presentation, a series of samples that
include natural products, counterfeit drugs, reaction monitoring, bacterial identification, as well as
other relevant materials will be presented.
Keywords: GCxGC-MS, DART, High Resolution MS, Ambient Ionization
39
Oral Presentation
C5
Potential Application of Polysaccharides in the Manufacture of electronics
devices
Chavez-Baldovino, E.1, Feng, P.1, Malca, C.1, Camacho, A.1, Díaz, L.1
1University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus
ermides.chavez@upr.edu
In the search for new biodegradable materials, of low cost and easy to synthesize by
environmentally friendly methods, this work was carried out, where we report the results of studies
on carrageenan compounds (mixture of two type of carrageenans κ and λ) with different
concentrations of nanoparticles titanium dioxide (TiO 2 NPs). From the XRD data, changes in the
crystalline and amorphous phases corresponding to the carrageenan precursors and TiO 2 NPs,
respectively, are observed. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements show a shift
from of 202 oC to 163 oC due to the presence of the TiO2 nanoparticles. Different κ-carrageenan
and λ-carrageenan peaks were identified, together with the peaks corresponding to the TiO 2 NPs
in the different membranes by the FTIR technique.
Keywords: Polysaccharide, nanocomposites, biopolymers
40
Oral Presentation
D1
Directly Predicting Onset Potentials from Structural Properties of
Graphene-Supported Single-Atom Electrocatalysts by Machine Learning
Lin, S.1, Haoxiang, X.2, Wang, Y.1, Zeng, X.3, Chen, Z.1
1University of Puerto Rico -Rio Piedras Campus
2Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
3Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska
zhongfangchen@gmail.com
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution
reaction (HER) are three critical reactions for energy-related applications, such as water
electrolyzers and metal-air batteries. Graphene-supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) have
been widely explored; however, either experiments or density functional theory (DFT)
computations cannot screen catalysts at high speed. Herein, based on DFT computations of 104
graphene-supported M@N4 SACs, we built up prominent models to describe the underlying
pattern of structural properties and onset potentials, and employed these models to predict the
catalysis performance of 260 graphene-supported metal-nitrogen/carbon systems (M@NxCy, x
& y ≠ 0). The best 6/4/12 systems selected by predicted onset potentials were recomputed by
density functional theory (DFT) towards ORR/OER/HER reactions, among which, the best
catalysts have great onset potentials of 0.61, 1.51, and 0.003 V for ORR, OER, and HER
reactions, respectively. The machine learning models quantitatively unveiled the significance of
various descriptors and fast narrowed down the potential list of graphene-supported single-atom
catalysts.
Keywords: Electrocatalysts, Oxygen reduction reaction, Machine Learning
41
Oral Presentation
D2
Synthesizing a Novel Janus Carbon Nano-Onions Modified as a Support
For Electrocatalytic Nanoparticles
Del Valle-Pérez, A.1, González-Aponte, K.1, Reyes-Morales, J.1, Escalera-Torres, Y.1, Cunci, L.1
adel157@email.suagm.edu
Carbon materials have been awakening scientific interest for research because it allows chemical
functionalization for multiple applications in the sciences, especially in energy applications.
Carbon Nano-onions (CNO) are spherical structures composed of multilayers of fullerenes, these
layers are connected in a way that show a shape of an onion. Its development begins with the
use of nano-diamonds, a carbon material of strong structure which it forms in a very violent
environment. The nano-diamonds are taken to a furnace at a temperature of 1650°C to finally
obtain the CNO. Janus particles are receiving increasing attention because of their dual
properties, where each side can be functionalized to have distinctive characteristics. The
modifications on the surface of these nanoparticles can provide different chemical and physical
properties. The purpose of this project is to use asymmetrically modified CNO as a support for
metal nanoparticles to avoid agglomeration and, thus, increase their surface area and efficiency.
Janus nanoparticles will be designed by a wax-paraffin pickering emulsion process using CNO
on its surface. The deposition of platinum will be carrying out by two process, chemically reducing
platinum with sodium borohydride and by an electrochemical process, Rotaring Disk Electrode.
The removal process of the paraffin involves the dispersion of the wax-paraffin/CNO-Pt particles
in Chloroform and rinse with ethanol to finally obtain the amphiphilic nanoparticle. The differences
on the surface of the particles before and after removing the paraffin were observed by Scanning
Electron Microscopy. The Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy was used to validate the elemental
information of the particles and assure the deposition of 20% of Pt on the surface of the particles.
Further characterization techniques as X-ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy were used to
characterize these particles.
Keywords: onion-like carbon, RDE, Platinum
42
Oral Presentation
D3
The Synthesis of Cu2O@Pt nanoshuttles and their application as
Electrocatalysts for ammonia oxidation and oxygen reduction
Liu, X.1, Cabrera, C.1
luciferlxy921@yahoo.com
Pt based catalysts show great promise as electrocatalysts towards both ammonia oxidation
reaction (AOR) and oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cell. Herein, Cu2O@Pt nanoshuttles
(Cu2O@Pt NSs) with several layers of Pt shell are synthesized through a room temperature
galvanic replacement method with Cu2O nanoshuttles (Cu2O NSs) as both templates and
reducing reagents. In the previous synthesis of Cu2O NSs, ascorbic acid, PVP, and NaOH are
used and reducing reagent, surfactants, and pH conditioner. The size, morphology, and surface
composition of both Cu2O NSs and Cu2O@Pt NSs are investigated by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected‐area electron diffraction
(SAED), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), EDS mapping, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐
ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Further, the performance towards both AOR and ORR are
compared with E-Tek Pt/C. The interaction between core compound Cu2O and surface metal Pt,
richness of Pt surface, and property of thin film are responsible for the good performance. What’s
more, this synthesis with the help of galvanic replacement on Cu2O can be applied on other noble
metals, such as Pd, Au, etc.
Keywords: ammonia oxidation, oxygen reduction, galvanic replacement
43
Oral Presentation
D4
Exploring a New Class of PGM-free Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Production
of Hydrogen Peroxide
Del Pilar-Albaladejo, J.1, Santiago, M.2, Cabrera, C.1
2Universidad Ana G. Méndez – Gurabo Campus
joselyn.pilar@upr.edu
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an alternative energy carrier to oil and hydrogen for sustainable
energy applications. However, current H2O2 production is done by oxidizing hydroquinone at
centralized locations, uses large quantities of H2 gas and is energy intensive. On the other hand,
direct electrochemical production of H2O2 provides an energy efficient and cost-effective
alternative to the traditional method in addition to enabling localized chemical production. In order
to make this process industrially viable, a high performing catalyst with good selectivity and
stability must be develop. Herein, we study the use of spinel metal ferrites, MeFO where Me =
Co, Mn and Zn, as oxygen reduction catalyst for production of H2O2. The catalysts were
synthesized by coprecipitating precursor salts with NaOH and later characterized using X-ray
diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy
(XAS). Their electrocatalytic properties were examine in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution. The
highest onset potential was observed for manganese ferrite (MFO) followed by cobalt (CFO) and
zinc ferrite (ZFO) materials. Mass activity at 0.16 V followed the same trend, with MFO exhibiting
the highest activity with 7.49 mg/cm2. These findings are consistent with the literature as
manganese has a strong affinity for oxygen and H2O2 generation activity is a function of the
binding energy of absorbed OOH* species. Thermal annealing at 750 oC in air of as-synthesized
samples was found to promote formation of mixed oxide phases that resulted in a 50% decrease
in mass activity. Future in-situ XAS experiments will be performed to investigate atomic-level
changes occurring to active sites as a means to understand the origin of the electrocatalytic
properties.
Keywords: Hydrogen Peroxide, ORR, electrocatalyst, transition metal oxide
44
Oral Presentation
D5
Metal Oxide Inclusion in Polycrystalline Platinum Nanoparticles for a Cost-
Effective Ammonia Oxidation Electrocatalyst
Huertas, N.1, Rivera-Ruíz, A1., Padín-de Mello, J.1, González-González, I.1
1Universidad Ana G. Méndez
nhuertas7@email.suagm.edu
Fuel cells have been of interest for advancing renewable energy technologies. In the quest for
sustainable fuels with high energy densities, focus is currently on nitrogen-containing fuels, such
as ammonia (NH3). In principle, these sustainable fuel cells can render a carbon free energy
process. An electrocatalyst is required to catalyze the oxidation of ammonia to N2, which is only
achieved on noble metals (Pt), but their high cost is a limitation for large-scale applications. In this
work, we synthesized Pt nanoparticles by chemical reduction methods using different precursors
(K2PtCl6 or H2Pt(OH)6), then we studied the effect of metal oxide (CeO2) addition on the
electrocatalytic activity of Pt for ammonia electro-oxidation. Platinum precursors were reduced
with NaBH4 and particle size was controlled with tartaric acid as capping agent. To determine
when the metal oxide should be added to the synthesis process, 2 protocols were established.
Cyclic voltammetry was used the study the electrocatalytic activities of Pt alloys at 20 mV/s scan
rate. Apparently, there is no difference in the electrocatalytic activity for the ammonia oxidation
reaction based on the metal precursor. In the results from protocol 1, the addition of CeO2 on
samples from K2PtCl6 precursor show a slight shift to lower onset potential, which did not occur
in samples from H2Pt(OH)6 precursor. Onset potential was reduced from -0.386 V (control
sample from K2PtCl6 without CeO2) to -0.472 V when CeO2 was added. Behavior of onset
potential from protocol 2 was similar to protocol 1. SEM images and electrochemical experiments
confirmed that chlorinated Pt precursor (K2PtCl6) have higher electrochemical surface area than
non-chlorinated Pt precursor (H2Pt(OH)6). CeO2 addition to Pt nanoparticles significantly
reduced the electrochemical surface area in both precursors. We are currently exploring the
electrocatalytic activities of Pt nanoparticles when combined with other metal oxides (Ag2O and
FeOx).
Keywords: electrocatalyst, ammonia oxidation, ammonia fuel cell
45
Oral Presentation
D6
Biotemplated synthesis of brookite nanoparticles for anodes in dye-

sensitized solar cells
Quiñones-Vélez, G.1, Castro-Vázquez, A.1, Soto-Nieves, D.1, López-Mejias, V.1
vilmali.lopez@upr.edu
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have gained significant attention in materials research due to
their high photovoltaic efficiency and low cost. DSSCs require an anode, which is typically
composed of a thin film of titania (TiO2). These films present several limitations regarding their
transparency and light scattering. This results in a poor light harvesting, and low electrical
conductivity, which is also affected by the polymorphic phase of TiO2. Enhancement of the
photovoltaic conversion efficiency can be improved by modifications in the surface area and
polymorphic control of titania. In this research, surface area was increased by confining the
crystallization of TiO2 in a nano-space, thus reducing the particle size, and increasing porosity
via in situ biotemplation with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), a biocompatible polymer, during the
synthesis. The polymorphic phase of TiO2 was controlled during calcination to obtain
preferentially brookite phase. A phase inversion temperature (PIT)-nanoemulsion synthesis
method was employed to reduce particle size. The synthesis was carried out and the resulting
material was characterized before and after calcination at 500°C. The pre-calcinated material was
analyzed by thermogravimetric and elemental analysis. Thermographs of the pre-calcinated
samples revealed polymer entrapment within the amorphous material by presenting a weight loss
(~ 45 %) at ~280°C, corresponding to HEC. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of carbon
from the polymer. Dynamic light scattering was employed to analyze the particle size distribution
of the resulting product, which presented a size distribution range between 60-160 d.nm.. Powder
X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of TiO2 mixture of anatase and brookite phases. This
work demonstrates that biotemplated TiO2 can be synthesized within a confined space to control
its crystallization into nanometer range and achieve a semiconductor material that can potentiate
the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the DSSCs.
Keywords:
Brookite, Biotemplation, Nanoparticles
46
Oral Presentation
E1
Synthesis of Square Planar and Octahedral Metal Phthalocyanine

Complexes for the Development of Gas Sensors for Oxidizing Gases
Gonzalez Espiet, J.1, Fonseca, L.1, Cintrón, J., Piñero-Cruz, D.1, Flores, S.1
jean.gonzalez@upr.edu
We design and synthesize innovative metal phthalocyanine complexes with different coordination
geometries for the development of sensitive and selective NOx sensors suitable for detecting and
measuring NOx at concentrations from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm. The development of these
technologies is driven by the need for live monitoring of toxic gases in the contaminated wetlands
of el Yaguazo marsh in Puerto Rico, were the high humidity affects the response of conventional
gas sensors. Modification of the macrocycle’s periphery with fluorinated moieties, as well as the
incorporation of ligands in the axial positions, enhances the sensing properties towards pollutant
gases in these environments. In this work, an octahedral iron complex was synthesized and
characterized with a variety of spectroscopic techniques, in addition to the preparation of regular
and hexadecafdluorinated square planar phthalocyanine systems. The crystallinity of the
samples, as well as the electronic transitions in the UV-Vis region were key in elucidating the
coordination of the metals to the macrocycle, which is a fundamental for the application of these
materials as gas sensors.
Keywords: chemical synthesis, coordination chemistry, gas sensors, environmental

nanotechnology
47
Oral Presentation
E2
Medicament disposal practices used by people in Puerto Rico western
towns.
Rosado-Silva, R.1, González-Mederos, A.1
1Inter American University of Puerto Rico – San Germán Campus
reylin.rosado@upr.edu
Medicaments are an essential part of human beings, either to treat or prevent diseases. However,
their effect on the environment, even at small concentrations, are of concern. Improper medicine
disposal may be one of the ways these products are reaching the soil, water, plants, and animals,
since most of the water treatment plants and solid waste disposal procedures do not remove
them. Therefore, this research gathered information on the methods of medicament disposal used
by people from west towns of Puerto Rico. Six hundred people from fifteen towns in the west area
of Puerto Rico were surveyed. Results showed that 74% of the participants had medicaments
stored at home, and 56% had pharmaceuticals at home that they did not need. The kitchen,
bedroom, and bathroom were the most common places to store these products at home. The
most common disposal was to throw them at the garbage bin, followed by throwing them in the
toilet. Most of the participants recognized that these practices may be harmful to the environment,
but 92% of the participants did not know of any program that provides pharmaceuticals collection,
and only 5% of the surveyed have ever used a program for proper disposal of these products.
These results show the need to educate on the impact of these products in the environment, and
the need to develop and apply programs that provide proper disposal of these compounds.
Keywords: Emergent contaminants, medicament disposal, environmental protection
48
Oral Presentation
E3
Evaluating Vibrio fischeri as a Bioindicator of Ecotoxicity
Somohano-Short, J.1, Torres-Díaz, M.1, Miró, E. Flores-Cruz, Z.1, Díaz-Vazquez, L.1
Jose.somohano1@upr.edu
Emerging contaminants can be defined as any synthetic or naturally occurring chemical species
that is not commonly monitored for potential risk to animals and/or other organisms. These
species, however, can be increasingly found in water bodies and water supply systems as
pollutants. Common examples are derived from pharmaceuticals, electronic materials waste, and
food wrapping and packaging. It is our understanding that elucidating the potential
ecotoxicological effects of human waste is of great ecological importance. In order to evaluate the
effects of emerging contaminants to biological systems, we utilized the gram-negative,
bioluminescent, marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri as our model. V. fischeri was exposed to
various, biologically relevant and irrelevant, concentrations of two separate common emerging
contaminants: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and caffeine. Optical density and bioluminescence
were recorded for 24h. Neither substance was toxic to the bacterium. Preliminary data suggests
no change in the growth phenotype of all groups exposed to caffeine. Groups exposed to certain
concentrations of PFOAs appear to have a steeper logarithmic growth phase and overall more
robust growth phenotype, as compared to controls. Interestingly, there seems to be a
concentration dependent effect on bioluminescence for both substances. Caffeine upregulates
bioluminescence while PFOA downregulates it, as compared to controls. This data presents two
examples that contradict the general assumption that inhibition of bioluminescence is an accurate
indicator of toxicity. It is important to take this into consideration when performing commercially
available short-term acute toxicity assays.
Keywords: Ecotoxicity, toxicity, vibrio fischeri, emerging contaminants, bioluminescence
49
Oral Presentation
E4
Results of short bioblitzes at the Pterocarpus Forest at Palmas del Mar
Pastor-Dávila, M.1, Del Valle-Colón, C.1, Ruíz-Galarza, F.1, Cruz-Sierra, L.1, Vázquez, N.1
1Universidad Ana G. Méndez
michelle.n.pastor@gmail.com
Hurricane Maria destroyed the Pterocarpus Forest at Palmas del Mar (PFPM) in September 2017.
Since then, there has not been a comprehensive inventory of biodiversity in the forest. Bioblitzes
are typically 24-hour intensive biodiversity inventories that are conducted by a combination of
experts and citizen scientists. Bioblitzes are also used to teach about local biodiversity. This
project aimed to use repeated, short bioblitzes to document biodiversity at PFPM. Five graduate
students and one faculty member participated in three short, 30-minute, bioblitzes at the
Pterocarpus Forest at Palmas del Mar on 8/31, 9/21, and 10/12. Pictures of living organisms were
gathered using cellphones. Observations were uploaded to iNaturalist. After one week of
conducting the bioblitz, the data set was downloaded and each observation was categorized
according to its taxonomic rank. A total of 87, 131, and 151 observations of living organisms were
gathered during each bioblitz for a total of 369 observations. The most commonly observed
species by the participants was Paullinia pinnata (23), Pterocarpus officinalis (23), and
Acrostichum danaeifolium (12). The most commonly observed animal species was Anolis
stratulus (10), Eleutherodactylus coqui (8), and Coereba flaveola (6). Over time, participants
identified observations to the species rank. The percent of observations ranked to species in each
bioblitz was 31%, 38.9%, 51.7%. Most observations made during the three bioblitz were plants
(61%), fungi (16%), reptilia (7%), and aves (6%). The data gathered here can serve to document
biodiversity at PFPM during its recovery process from Hurricane Maria, educate the public, and
promote the conservation of this coastal ecosystem
Keywords: Bioblitz, Biodiversity, Wetland
50
Oral Presentation
E5
Initial vegetation cover regeneration of a coastal urban wetland after
hurricane Impacts: Ciénaga Las Cucharillas.
Hernández, E.1, Cuevas, E.2
1University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus Environmental Sciences Department
2University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus - Biology Department
Elix.hernandez@upr.edu
Coastal wetland resiliency is determined by the terrestrial/marine connectivity and its effects on
land cover and distribution. The Ciénaga Las Cucharillas a 500 hectares urban coastal wetland
located on the western side of the San Juan Bay, Puerto Rico. Hydrological changes caused by
500 years of land use changes and urban and industrial encroachment developed a mosaic of
plant functional groups which vary in their capacity to take up and concentrate heavy metals.
Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017 resulted in substantial treefalls, tree decapitation and
vast defoliation. We assessed the degree of post hurricane recovery of the study area by
monitoring for twelve months land cover changes using UAV images taken with a DJI Phantom
2. We found that woody vegetation which occupied 85% of cover before hurricane Maria has a
post hurricane decrease of 18% meanwhile emergent vegetation doubled its cover and
grasslands tripled as a result of increased light in the gaps caused by tree breakage and
defoliation. Human made changes in hydrology created a high salinity (>25ppt) hotspot in the
middle of the wetland, resulting in establishment of mixed Palustrine/Estuarine ecosystem. Future
work will focus on evaluation and process of additional images to assess vegetation regeneration
through time in study area and determine substrate nutrient and heavy metals availability in the
wetland mosaic.
Keywords: Coastal Urban Wetlands Land Cover Heavy Metals
51
Oral Presentation
F1
Biodegradable Chitosan Matrix Composite Reinforced with Titanium
Dioxide for Biocidal Applications
López-Calero, J.1, Suarez, O.M.1
johnny.lopez1@upr.edu
Access to drinkable water is increasingly difficult in developing nations. According to the World
Health Organization, more than 1.2 billion people lack access to this basic resource. The scientific
community has risen to the challenge of developing innovating methods to purify water. In this
challenging context, a novel chitosan and titanium dioxide biocomposite represents an appealing,
economically viable solution to remove oils, heavy metals, and pathogen colonies from
contaminated waters. This presentation will go over the study of a novel chitosan film matrix
impregnated with anatase nanoparticles, which was capable of expressing antibacterial
properties when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. A number of techniques allowed characterizing
the biocomposite uniformity, corroborating the anatase crystal structure, and assessing the
bonding type and nature of this bio-composite mixture. Different antibacterial tests with
Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) were completed via
growth curve analysis and the Kirby-Bauer technique. The results of this encompassing study
revealed that the bacterial growth was reduced by more than 50% while maintaining the properties
of the biocomposite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
Spectrometer and x-ray diffraction were use to described the functional group, bonding type and
nature of this biocomposite film .
Keywords: Chitosan, Titanium Dioxide, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
Entrepreneurial Projection:
Microorganisms represent a global problem when dealing with the quality of water. Water has an
extensive impact on every human’s life. Because of the high importance of this issue, our team
focuses on taking advantage of the antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials to disinfect water
52
Oral Presentation
F2
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Activity of Novel Carvacrol
Derivatives
Colón-Alicea, J.1, Báez-Félix, C.1, Ríos-Ramos, A.1, Delgado-Reyes, Y.2
1Universidad Ana G. Méndez - Gurabo Campus
2San Juan Bautista Research Center
janmarycolonn@gmail.com
Essential oils (EOs) have been studied in recent decades as new alternatives to inhibit bacterial
growth. One of the most effective EOs is carvacrol which also has anti-inflammatory, anti-
inflammatory, analgesic effects, among others. Our main objective is evaluate the antibacterial
activity again agriculture bacteria’s and cytotoxicity activity of carvacrol derivatives. The
antibacterial activity screening of carvacrol and their esters were carried out against four (4)
bacteria’s: Staphylococcus epidermids, Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli and Serratia
marcescens, because these genus have been reported as a danger to agricultural crops. Four
carvacrol derivatives (n = 7) were shown to have antimicrobial activity. The compound 2-bromo-
2 methyl propionate of carvacrol showed highest inhibitory capacity at 25 mg/ml. Gram-positive
bacteria showed lower resistance to carvacrol derivatives than gram-negatives. Another hand,
measured the cytotoxicity in lung cells because, the pulmonary system is the first route of
exposure to agrochemicals in crops. The preliminary results of cytotoxicity in A549 lung cells,
showed that the carvacrol derivatives have low cytotoxic effect at high concentration as 100 µM
and 250 µM, with 90% of cell viability. The results suggest that carvacrol derivatives could be
used to control pests with a low cytotoxic effect on human lung health.
Keywords: Carvacrol, antibacterial, cytotoxicity
53
Oral Presentation
F3
Growth of Proteus Vulgaris in Human Synthetic Urine for an Ureolysis
System
Barreto-Vazquez, D.1, Rojas, A.2, Cardona, W.3, Cabrera, C.2
1Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
2Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico
3Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras Campus
delmaliz.barreto@upr.edu
Human urine is constituted by water (95%), inorganic and organic compounds, and urea
(approximately 2%). Urea is a detoxifying product of protein metabolism of most terrestrial
dwelling animals, and if accumulated inside the body, urea can cause detrimental health effects.
Current recycling systems have been unsuccessful on removing urea completely from wastewater
since the molecule is small and uncharged. An efficient urine recycling system is needed to obtain
clean water, free of toxic metabolic products like urea. This technology can be most beneficial for
long-term manned space missions at the ISS since it will also reduce the costs of delivering
potable water to the US space station. The use of robust enteric bacteria like Proteus vulgaris for
urea catalysis is a potential alternative for wastewater treatment since this microorganism can
naturally produce and regulate the urease enzyme when urea is available. The objective of this
research project is to determine the ideal formulation of human synthetic urine for optimal growth
of P. vulgaris and once established, to test growth parameters under continuous culture in a
chemostat. Our results demonstrate that P. vulgaris can grow and achieve exponential growth in
Basal Synthetic Human Urine with amino acids and glucose, and Enriched Synthetic Human
Urine. We selected the Basal Synthetic Human Urine with amino acids and glucose as the ideal
formulation for P. vulgaris growth in the Chemostat.
Keywords:
Environmental, Biochemistry, Green Chemistry
54
Oral Presentation
F4
Global and Local Structural Changes of Catalase Induced by Persulfidation
Pietri-Mélendez, R.1, Miller, L.2
1University of Puerto Rico - Cayey Campus
2Brookhaven National Laboratory
ruth.pietri@upr.edu
Oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), is an important player in the
pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative
disorders. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and polysulfides (H2Sx) can regulate oxidative stress by
modulating the activities of antioxidant proteins via persulfidation. Persulfidation is a novel
posttranslational modification in which H2S and H2Sx attach to cysteine thiols and disulfides in
proteins, leading to activation or inhibition of protein activity. Catalase (CAT) is an antioxidant
enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage by removing H2O2, one of the most abundant
ROS. In the presence of sulfides CAT is persulfidated, which can modulate its antioxidant activity.
In this work we examine the sulfide species responsible for catalase persulfidation and how this
product affects its conformational structure and activity using small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS),
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray absorption near edge structure
spectroscopy (XANES). SAXS data showed that in the presence of H2Sx the global structure of
catalase decreases by ~10 Ǻ, while FTIR demonstrated that H2Sx induces secondary structural
changes from an unordered to a more ordered protein. The sulfur K-edge XANES spectra of
catalase in the presence of H2Sx showed a shift of the edge to lower energies with respect to
catalase alone, suggesting that the oxidation state of the sulfur atoms in the protein cysteine
residues increases, which is consistent with the formation of a persulfidation product. Taken
together, the study shows that H2Sx and not H2S react with the cysteine thiols in catalase,
generating the persulfidation product. This modification induces global and local structural
changes that can affect its activity in vivo.
Keywords: hydrogen sulfide, polysulfide, catalase
55
Oral Presentation
F5
Insurance Logistics and Treatment Coverage Alternatives
Vélez, D., Pedrosa, P.1, Hernández, D.1, Rondán, R.1, Amador, M.1
1University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez Campus
diana.velez3@upr.edu, mariaa.amador@upr.edu
In order to adequately evaluate and select the best options for coverage of medical expenses, it’s
important to first identify which are the available alternatives for treating the ailments in question,
and then, identify which is most suitable for the patient to undertake, given their condition. Cell
Manufacturing Therapies is an emerging industry, that provides a new approach for dealing with
certain types of cancers and other degenerative diseases. However because of the significantly
high costs related to these treatments, most health care providers still offer little to no coverage
for them. Recognizing the importance of making treatments like these more accessible for
patients who have degenerative illnesses, our team is researching areas related to health care
insurance for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies Yescarta & Kymriah, which offer a
promising alternative for treating certain types of cancers in both children and adults. Our
methodology consists of exploratory based research by means of interviews with oncologists and
CAR T-cell treatment centers/clinics, and through study of relevant articles about Kymriah &
Yescarta’s introduction and development in the Cancer Treatment market. By investigating these
areas, we seek to better understand how health insurance companies provide some coverage for
Cell Manufacturing related therapies, in order to identify which aspects of the CAR T-cell therapies
global value chain can be improved for more financial accessibility.
Keywords:
Insurance coverage; CAR T-cells; Yescarta; Kymriah
Entrepreneurial Projection:
The Cell Manufacturing Technologies project attempts to transform cell-based therapies into a
large‐scale, low‐cost, reproducible, and high‐quality engineered system for broad industry and
clinical use.
56
Oral Presentation
G1
Viability and CYP-450 Activity of HEP-G2 Cells after exposure to CdSTe
QDs.
Alamo-Nole, L.1
1Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce
luis_alamo@pucpr.edu
The optical properties of Quantum Dots (QDs) have attracted research interest in different fields
of science and technology. QDs have a lot of benefits but may pose risks to the environment and
organisms. Living organisms can be in contact and absorb this nanomaterial which can participate
in oxidation/reduction reactions inducing oxidative cell stress. Lipids, located on the plasmatic
membrane, can suffer peroxidation that induces cellular apoptosis and death of living systems.
Semi-conductors can be synthesized at different temperatures, causing changes in their crystal
size, and optical and fluorescent behavior. CdSTe QDs were synthesized under microwave
irradiation at different reaction temperatures producing different crystal sizes. Liver human cells
from hepatocellular carcinoma (HEP-G2) were cultivated in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium
(EMEM) at 37°C and 5% CO2. HEP-G2 cells were exposed to CdSTe QDs and incubated for 24-
48 hours. Cell viability and activity of the cytochrome P450 (CYP-450) isoenzymes of HEP-G2
cells after exposure to QDs were evaluated. The cell viability decreases with the increase of the
QDs concentration. QDs increase the activity of some CYP-450 isoenzymes indicating the
possible route of cell transformation/elimination. The presence of the QDs into HEP-G2 cells was
observed with fluorescence microscopy.
Keywords:
Nano/Materials, Chemistry, Environmental, Toxicology
57
Oral Presentation
G2
Implementation of lyotropic liquid crystals for the functionalization of bio-
reactive forward osmosis membranes.
Santiago-Martoral, L.1, Figueroa, A., Nicolau, E.1
liz.santiago3@upr.edu
Forward osmosis (FO) is a naturally occurring process that uses a semipermeable membrane to
separate water from dissolved solutes. In water remediation, the degradation of small
contaminants such as urea has become an increasing problem. Many of the commercialized
membranes are not efficient in eliminating small uncharged contaminants; thus, there is interest
in finding materials that can address this issue. Biomimetic membranes with applications in water
remediation are gaining much attention because of their high permeability and selectivity. This
research aims to employ Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) which are nano-compartmentalized
biomaterials composed of specific lipids that present an advantage for these applications due to
their thermodynamic stability, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. This work is focused on
assessing the membrane properties of modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane support and
functionalized with LLC’s.
Characterization of the membranes was executed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to
observe surface and transversal topography. As the PAN surface layer is modified, the SEM
images show an increment in surface roughness. Transversal images facilitated the observation
of open-pore radius and directly confirmed the presence of discrete an open physical pores.
Contact angle assessment indicates that as the PAN surface is modified higher hydrophilicity and
surface energy are obtained. Moreover, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) was used to determine
pore size which showed significant variation of pore distribution between membranes. Finally, the
membranes were employed in an FO system, and the water flux result for modified membranes
is comparable to that of commercial FO membranes.
Keywords:
Forward osmosis, membranes, water treatment
58
Oral Presentation
G3
Study of Al11Ce3 Distribution in Aluminum Matrix Produced via Centrifugal
Casting.
De Jesús-López, M.1, Suárez, O. M.1
1Universityof Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
oscarmarcelo.suarez@upr.edu
This research hinges on the comparison of centrifugally cast Al-Ce alloys and gravity cast ones
of similar chemical composition. Our goal was to take advantage of the density difference in the
melt between liquid Al, 2.4 g/cm3, and Al11Ce3, 4.12 g/cm3. The distribution of the Al11Ce3
phase in the external region of the centrifuged casting was analyzed by studying the segregation
effect on the alloy mechanical behavior. For the sake of simplicity, we limited our work to two
mechanical properties: surface hardness and wear resistance. The Al-Ce phase diagram shows
only 2 phases present from 0 to 58.6 wt.% Ce, we could quantify the Al11Ce3 phase distribution
throughout the microstructure. Samples with 16 wt.% Ce that solidified under a centripetal
acceleration of 65 m/s2 possess a 720 MPa microhardness at the external region, doubling the
surface hardness of gravity cast samples with the same composition. Likewise, samples
subjected to a centripetal acceleration of 65 m/s2 result with a 36 wt.% Ce local concentration at
the external region. The ongoing work centers on the wear resistance of the samples as a function
of the local acceleration. These wear coefficients are being correlated with the measured
hardness values at the same position of the casting. Our results indicate that higher rotational
speeds cause larger amounts of Al11Ce3 to segregate onto the external regions of the casting.
As the Al11Ce3 intermetallic segregates, hardness values increase. Most importantly, we have
demonstrated how Al-Ce alloys can be functionally graded materials via centrifugal casting
Keywords:
micro-hardness, wear, phase analysis, phase segregation
59
Oral Presentation
G4
Big Data Driven High-throughput strategy to Screen and Design of Novel
2D Materials from Non-vdW Bulk Materials.
Gu, J.1, Zhao, Z.1, Chen, Z.1
zhongfangchen@gmail.com
Two-dimensional (2D) materials (graphene, as an example) are appealing due to their unique
electronic and topologic properties, as well as potential applications in energy, medical, and
engineering areas. Besides the typical exfoliation of van der Waals (vdW) materials, a promising
approach to obtain 2D materials is to remove the intercalated metal ions from non-vdW bulk
materials exemplified by MXene. Based on this approach, we propose a big data driven high-
throughput strategy to theoretically screen and design 2D materials from non-vdW materials. The
strategy has three major steps, Searching, Extracting, and Evaluating (SEE). For example, to
screen and design more 2D materials that have the same symmetry and metal-nonmetal ratio as
α-FeSe (monolayer α-FeSe is a high temperature superconductivity with Tc over 100 K and could
be considered as the subunit of bulk KFe2Se2), we searched the big data from the Materials
Project database, and obtained 721 materials with the same space group (I4/mmm) as KFe2Se2
out of the 2575 materials with AB2C2 chemical formula. Based on these 721 bulk materials, we
extracted 78 2D materials candidates. Our detailed evaluations on their thermodynamic, dynamic,
thermal, and mechanic stabilities revealed that 11 2D materials, including α-FeSe itself, are rather
promising for experimental realization. These experimentally feasible 2D materials are all metallic,
and of great potential as electrode materials for Li- and non-Li ion batteries. This work proposes
a Searching, Extracting, and Evaluating (SEE) strategy to screen and design novel 2D materials
from non-vdW bulk materials, which may be used for various applications such as energy storage
and production.
Keywords:
Big Data; High Throughput Strategy; Novel 2D Materials; Non-vdW Bulk Materials
60
Oral Presentation
G5
Characterization of surfactant-colloidal particle interactions towards the
development of a composite system for enhancing efficiency of green
detergents.
Pagán-Aponte, N.1, Santiago-Cruz, H.1, Pinzón de la Rosa, C.2, Acevedo-Vélez, C.1
1University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
2Reserch and Development, Cleancult, LLC
claribel.acevedo@upr.edu, nicole.pagan1@upr.edu
Surfactants are widely used in the formulation of cleaning products due to their ability to lower the
surface tension of water and remove contaminants from a substrate. Commonly used sulfate-
based anionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) commonly found in household
cleaning products, however, are known to cause irritation to the skin and eyes. Although
consumer demand for milder, safer and more environmentally-friendly products is leading
manufacturers and formulators to develop alternative, naturally-derived surfactants (“green
surfactants”) with favorable safety profiles, one of the main challenges remains achieving the
same level of detergency and cleaning efficiency when compared with commonly used surfactant
formulations. The goal of this research is to develop a system composed of a nonionic surfactant
and a natural colloidal hydrophobic particle as an enhancer in cleaning applications. As a first
step towards this goal, here we report studies aimed at characterizing the interactions of various
eco-friendly nonionic surfactants and hydrophobic colloidal particles. Dynamic light scattering
(DLS), zeta potential and surface tension measurements were performed to assess surfactant
adsorption to hydrophobic particle surfaces and colloidal stability of the surfactant-particle
complex. The nonionic surfactants n-octyl glucoside (Octyl), ECOSURF(TM) SA-9 (Ecosurf), and
TERGITOL(TM) 15-S-9 (Tergitol), and the anionic surfactant SDS were used and compared,
while the hydrophobic particles were polystyrene (as a model particle) and natural pecan and
activated charcoal. Results from these studies suggest that the surfactants tested adsorb on the
surfaces of the hydrophobic particles, with Octyl and Ecosurf leading to a more stable colloidal
system. Additional studies have focused on understanding detergency and cleaning processes
involving these surfactant-particle complexes to select best candidates and conditions to
formulate an eco-friendly household cleaner.
Keywords:
Surfactant, detergents, colloidal particles
61
Oral Presentation
G6
Influence of chemically-functionalized gold nanoparticles on emulsions of

thermotropic liquid crystals
Zabala-Rodríguez, K.1, Lynn, D.2, Acevedo-Vélez, C.1
1University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Campus
2University of Wisconsin – Madison
claribel.acevedo@upr.edu
Interactions between thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs) and chemical or biological agents
generate rapid changes in the orientation and optical properties of LCs. Past studies have
reported that confinement of LCs within micrometer-sized droplets dispersed in aqueous phases
(e.g., LC-in-water emulsions) provides a versatile platform for the design of droplet-based LC
sensors that can respond sensitively to the presence of analytes in aqueous environments. In this
presentation, we report studies aimed at characterizing the adsorption and interaction of
chemically-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with LC droplets as a potential approach to
design responsive materials with (i) tunable sensitivity to aqueous analytes and (ii) improved
colloidal stability. Our approach makes use of AuNPs functionalized with binary mixtures of self-
assembled monolayers of alkanethiols displaying polar (i.e., hydroxyl or amine) and non-polar
(methyl) groups to trigger changes in LC droplet configurations that can be readily observed using
polarized light. Our results show that these AuNPs trigger bipolar-to radial ordering transitions on
LC droplets in ways that depend upon nanoparticle surface composition and the identity and
charge state of the polar functional groups. Additional studies have focused on characterizing the
extent to which the adsorption of these AuNPs to LC droplet interfaces can confer colloidal stability
to the droplets and the preparation of LC-in-water emulsions with enhanced colloidal stability,
which could facilitate their application as droplet-based sensors in complex media, including
cellular environments. Overall, our results suggest that using chemically-functionalized AuNPs
with tunable surface properties to control LC droplet configurations could provide the basis for
new approaches to design responsive soft materials.
Keywords:
Liquid crystals, sensors, emulsions
62
Oral Presentation
H1
Hydrogen peroxide production by the ORR pathway using CoxZn1-xO
materials in alkaline media
Santiago-Berríos, M.1, del Pilar-Albaledejo, J.2, Martínez, D.2, Abruña, H.3, Cabrera, C.2
1Universidad Ana G. Méndez - Cupey Campus
3Cornell University
msantiago326@suagm.edu
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production has attracted interest in the past decades due to the
potential applications that range from medical to energy applications. The electrochemical
hydrogen peroxide production undergo into a 2 electron oxygen reduction forming absorbates at
the electrode surface. H2O2 production is an emerging field and recent research have led to
different types of catalysts. Among these type of materials metal oxides have attract attention due
to mainly two factors: their ease of synthesis and their readiness to produce hydrogen peroxide
in alkaline media. Here we explore the mechanisms of the production of H2O2 using a zinc oxide
(ZnO) doped with cobalt ions at different loading levels (ranges from 1-5% as synthetized). The
catalysts were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The XRD diffractograms
showed that the catalysts has distinct wurtzite structure. The diffuse reflectance spectra
demonstrate that the inclusion of cobalt ions in the ZnO framework resulted into a new band gap
at 1.67 eV, along with the ZnO band gap at 3.45 eV. Raman spectroscopy showed that the cobalt
ions are occupying tetrahedral holes and interstitial defects in the wurtzite crystal structure. X-ray
absorption spectroscopy studies including XANES and EXAFS analysis demonstrated that
depending in the ligand treatment in the synthesis (to control particle size) and/or calcination of
the material, although not detectable by XRD nor transmission electron microscopy mixed phases
between ZnO wurtzite and spinel Co3O4 can be present in the sample. Our group analyze the
effect of calcination and surface functionalization of the materials upon the oxygen reduction
reaction (ORR). Linear sweep voltammetry demonstrated an onset potential of 0.86 V vs. RHE
for the ZnO doped with cobalt at 4%. This oral presentation will discuss the characterization of
these catalysts and future experiments towards the hydrogen peroxide production.
Keywords:
hydrogen peroxide, oxygen reduction reaction, electrochemistry
63
Oral Presentation
H2
Electrochemical Synthesis of Polymers on Carbon Nano-Onions as
catalytic support for Oxygen Reduction Reaction by RoDSE Technique
Vargas-Pérez, B.1, Sánchez-Fonseca, F.1, González-Sánchez, O.1, Cunci, L.1
bvargas30@email.suagm.edu
The effect of climate change has interested scientists to conduct research to find other ways to
produce energy to make it more environmentally friendly. According to this, we are working with
conductive polymers in carbon support to improve the catalysts for fuel cell since conductive
polymers have unique properties due to their small size and high conductivity. The polymers we
are using are polyaniline and pyrrole on carbon nano-onions (CNO) as catalytic support. The
electrochemical synthesis of conductive polymers on CNO as catalytic supports for oxygen
reduction reaction (ORR) using the rotating disk slurry electrode (RoDSE) technique, in which
isolated atoms, clusters and metal nanoparticles are deposited on an unsupported nanocarbon
material. The first step is the synthesis of CNO from nanodiamonds by a thermal process. Second,
a synthesis was performed using CNO to oxidize the layers of CNO particles with sulfuric acid.
The following step will be using RoDSE to deposit pyrrole and aniline in the support of carbon. In
the cyclic voltammetry (CV) we are using a potential window of 0 to 0.8 V for polyaniline, and 0 to
0.5 V for polypyrrole. To validate these results, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
techniques are applied. In polyaniline we obtained the bonding signals of N-C (1147.4 cm-1) and
the benzene ring (690.4 cm-1). For polypyrrole, the bonding signals we obtained were C-N
(1043.2 cm-1) and N-H (940.2 cm-1). CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy will be
used to identify the conductive polymers for their electrochemical properties. Finally, the scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used.
Through EDS, we established that we obtained a 15% of nitrogen in polyaniline and 21% of
nitrogen in polypyrrole.
Keywords:
Polypyrolle, Polyaniline, Carbon nano-onions
64
Oral Presentation
H3
Conversion of 1,4-Anhydroerythritol to Tetrahydrofuran using MoOx-
Pd/TiO2 catalysts
Albarracín, S.1, MacQueen, B.2, Lauterbach, J.2, Pagán-Torres, Y.1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia
yomairaj.pagan@upr.edu
The selective C-O cleavage of renewable feedstocks, such as biomass, is crucial for the efficient
production of biobased platform chemicals and fuels. A particular reaction that has gained interest
for the removal of oxygen from biomass derived substrates is the selective reduction of oxygen
with hydrogen, also known as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Recently, heterogeneous HDO
catalysts comprised of a supported noble metal (i.e., Pd) and an oxophilic metal (i.e., ReOx) has
been reported for the conversion of biomass derived sugar alcohols such as erythritol to diols in
high yields.(1,2) However, for the development of economically viable HDO processes the design
of catalysts which eliminate the use of expensive Re is imperative. In this work, a MoOx-Pd/TiO2
catalyst has been studied for the HDO of 1,4-anhydroertythritol (1,4-AHERY), a dehydration
product of erythritol, with 98% selectivity to tetrahydrofuran (THF). Kinetic studies have been
conducted to evaluate the effect of MoOx and Pd loading on catalyst performance, in addition to
hydrogen pressure and reactant concentration. Characterization studies including X-ray
diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and
temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) have been conducted to provide insights into the
active sites of the catalyst. Lastly, the catalytic stability of MoOx-Pd/TiO2 has been evaluated
under optimized HDO reaction conditions.
(1) Ota, N.; Tamura, M.; Nakagawa, Y.; Okumura, K.; Tomishige, K. Performance, Structure,
and Mechanism of ReO x –Pd/CeO 2 Catalyst for Simultaneous Removal of Vicinal OH Groups
with H 2. ACS Catal. 2016, 6 (5), 3213–3226.
(2) Ota, N.; Tamura, M.; Nakagawa, Y.; Okumura, K.; Tomishige, K. Hydrodeoxygenation of
Vicinal OH Groups over Heterogeneous Rhenium Catalyst Promoted by Palladium and Ceria
Support. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 2015, 54 (6), 1897–1900.
Keywords:
Heterogeneous catalysis, hydrodeoxygenation, palladium, molybdenum
65
Oral Presentation
H4
PtNi-Nanowires as catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in
Alkaline Medium
Soto-Pérez, J., Cabrera, C., Larios, E., Trinidad, P.
University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
joesene.soto@upr.edu
Fossil fuels are finite resources that will eventually scarce; new advances in technology are
needed to replace their needs. Fuel cells (FC) represent an alternative to sustaining the demands
of energy for the automobile industry. However, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), a
significative chemical reaction in FCs occurs poorly in commercial electrolytes, acidic
environments. Alkaline medium is highly encouraged to promote the ORR for better catalytic
responses and accessible commercialization. Platinum (Pt) catalysts are the most used because
of their superior activity for ORR. The use of inexpensive catalysts is suggested for ORR to help
its commercialization. If Pt is going to stay as an elite contender for ORR, researchers must
minimize the amount of Pt used in the catalyst. Nevertheless, the ORR catalyst must maintain
high activity, durability and stability. Incorporation of other metals to Pt will lower its cost and can
even enhance its response as reported for Pt Nickel (Ni) catalyst. In this study we focused our
interests in PtNi nanowires (NWs), based on the astonishing promotive results that Ni offers to
Pt. Preliminary results demonstrated current densities of 4.5 mA/cm2 with an E1/2 = 0.810 V for
the PtNiNWs in alkaline medium at (25.00 ± 0.01) °C. Additionally, the number of electrons was
calculated using the Koutecký-Levich analysis resulting with n= 4.10 ± 0.06. Moreover, durability
experiments demonstrated that the PtNiNWs maintained optimal catalytic activity for ORR along
10,000 cycles. The initial reported E1/2 was of 0.800 V, after 5,000 cycles E1/2 = 0.755 V and
after 10,00 cycles E1/2 = 0.750 V. The results presented here suggest that PtNiNWs is a viable
catalyst for the ORR in alkaline medium.
Keywords:
ORR, nanowires, fuel cells
66
Oral Presentation
H5
Fabrication of aluminum welding fillers reinforced with niobium diboride
nanoparticles for aerospace applications
Burgos-León, N1., Calle, A.1, Suárez, O. M1.
norman.burgos@upr.edu
Aerospace components bearing innovative weld fillers are critical in manufacturing lightweight
and cost-effective structures for space exploration missions. Aluminum alloys are normally
employed as the filler of choice for such exacting applications, being AA5356 the most commonly
used alloy. These fillers, however, have a high cost of fabrication due to the many alloying
elements needed and the post-welding treatments that the component must undergo to render
optimum mechanical properties. To augment the mechanical strength of the fillers, the use of
nanoparticles, such as niobium diboride becomes desirable. Furthermore, the addition of 4%
magnesium guarantees better welded joints for AA6xxx base alloys. This study focuses on
developing and optimizing, this novel aluminum/magnesium-based filler reinforced with niobium
diboride nanoparticles for aerospace structures. NbB2 nanoparticles can be obtained by
fragmenting NbB2 pieces in a high energy ball milling and then inoculate them into molten Al-Mg
alloys through stir casting, leading to a simple, inexpensive, and reproducible means of
fabrication. This reinforcement can provide higher service temperature and strength, and wear
resistance, as well as an increase in filler hardness, when compared to unreinforced fillers. Thus,
the resulting weld can withstand conditions typically encountered in space exploration, such as
high temperature, friction, vibrations, radiation, and corrosive environments, while being cost-
effective due to fewer alloying elements needed for fabrication. The novel filler also bears
enhanced castability, reducing leakage rates and improving productivity and weld quality. These
enhancements will ultimately render more reliable welded components at a relatively affordable
cost. The main objective of this research is to expand the aerospace exploration industry through
the development of multifunctional space structures that assure mission safety and success by
employing this competitive high-grade filler. This, in turn, will help expand human knowledge and
through aerospace technology.
Keywords:
planetary ball milling, stir casting, cold-welding, cold-rolling, cost-effective.
67
POSTERS
ABSTRACTS
68
Poster Presentation
P1
Neurotransmitter Detection Using FSCV coupled with EIS
Espinosa Vázquez A. 1; González Amoretti J1; Rivera Rodríguez V. 1; Cunci L. 1
Neurotransmitters are biomolecules that are responsible for emitting signals from one neuron to
another. These chemical signals produce responses or functions throughout the organism.
Dopamine (DA) is related to the feeling of well-being, pleasure and relaxation. The analysis and
monitoring of neurotransmitters is important since the low production or overproduction of these
neurotransmitters can contribute to the development of neurological diseases and disorders. For
example, low production of dopamine can develop Parkinson's disease or Schizophrenia.
However, the methods currently used for the detection of neurotransmitters have certain
limitations such as poor sensitivity and low temporal resolution. Different electrochemical
techniques have been used for the analysis and detection of neurotransmitters, having high
sensitivity and sub-second temporal resolution. Several studies have shown that Fast Scan Cyclic
Voltammetry can characterize the oxidation and reduction process of micromolar (μM)
concentrations of dopamine in a range of -0.4 V to 1.3 V. In addition, with the Electrochemical
Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique it is possible to measure the adsorption of dopamine
on the surface of a carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME's). Our focus in this study is to develop
the Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry technique (FSCV) coupled with Electrochemical Impedance
(EIS) using CFME’s. This study was conducted in a flow cell system using DA solutions in different
concentrations. Our preliminary data show that FSCV-EIS can be used for the detection of
neurotransmitters. Our goal is to be able to apply the FSCV-EIS technique in-vitro in the
Drosophila melanogaster larval brain by optogenetics using red light as a stimulus for the release
of neurotransmitters.
Keywords: Neurotransmitters
69
Poster Presentation
P2
Bioprospecting the Cultivable Airborne Microbiome as a Source of
Inhibitory Substances
Pujols Vázquez, P. 1; Rivera-Rivera, M.J.1
1Bayamón Central University,
patriaborinquen@hotmail.com
The miss use of antimicrobial agents has caused environmental and clinical microorganisms to
develop resistance to multiple antibiotics. The majority of the microbes known to produce
antibiotics have been isolated from soil, therefore; it is necessary to bioprospect for new inhibitory
substances in other types of ecosystems. The objective of this preliminary study was to determine
if bacterial strains isolated from aerial samples obtained at Puerto Rico (a tropical Island) were
able to produce inhibitory substances. We used the settle plate technique in order to isolate
microbial airborne samples. Samples were collected once weekly during eight consecutive weeks
at two sampling points at the Bayamón Central University. We isolated 160 airborne bacteria and
by using a modified version of the Kirby Bauer Method, 83 of these were further evaluated for the
production of inhibitory substances. Thirteen of the 83 bacterial isolates produced inhibitory
substances that were capable of inhibiting Bacillus cereus and four of these isolates inhibited
Escherichia coli. Although standardization experiments are still underway for other types of
susceptibility testing, preliminary results demonstrate that the cultivable airborne microbiome is a
reservoir of bacteria capable of producing inhibitory substances. A future goal for our laboratory
is to extract, purify and characterize the inhibitory substances produced by these microorganisms.
Keywords: Biprospecting , Inhibitory Substances, Microbiome
70
Poster Presentation
P3
Nanomaterials for fingerprint analysis: a comparative study with traditional
techniques
Cruz Zambrana M. 1; Cabrera Lopez C. 1; Ferrer Torres E. 1
1Interamerican University of Puerto Rico - Ponce Campus
ejferrer@ponce.inter.edu
In the Forensic field, the latent fingerprint development techniques traditionally used have been
fundamental in the process of identifying the perpetrator of a crime. In order to analyze fingerprints
at crime scene conventional techniques includes powder dusting using black, aluminum, magnetic
and fluorescence powders. However, the development of fingermarks techniques remains under
research because methods that are more precise are required. Nanotechnology offers innovative
alternative by using nanomaterials for fingermarks detection. Our work consists in the evaluation
of the effectiveness of nanomaterials for the enhancement of the development and definition of
fingermarks impression. We report the application of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSN) and
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nano powders for fingerprint detection. Different age and gender volunteers
provides de fingerprints for our research. Evaluation of fresh and aged fingermarks on glass,
smooth plastic, aluminum and ceramic tile surfaces was performed. Results demonstrate that
nanomaterials exhibit a higher definition of specific details in fingerprints in each surface. MSN
provides higher definition in glass, aluminum and plastic surfaces. Zinc Oxide nano powder shows
an enhancement in the fingerprint detection in black ceramic tile surfaces. The nanomaterials
studied in this research offers a great sensitive forensic alternative to enhance the detection of
fingermarks.
Keywords: nano materials, forensic chemistry, chemical education
71
Poster Presentation
P4
Bioelectrochemical approach for urea removal from synthetic urine
Rojas-Pérez, A. 1; Barreto-Vázquez, D1; Cabrera-Martínez, C. 1
1University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras Campus
arnulfo.rojas@upr.edu
The recycling of human urine has become a main research area in wastewater treatment due to
the increased demand for water. Urine is composed of 95% water, 2% urea and other organic
and inorganic compounds. Urea is a toxic molecule that may cause renal failure and
gastrointestinal bleeding. Nevertheless, it is difficult to remove by common methods since it is a
small, uncharged molecule. In this work, the use of Proteus vulgaris is proposed, a bacterium that
contains urease, to catalyze the urea conversion to ammonia. The latter can then be oxidized by
a platinum electrode while producing a current leaving a urea-ammonia-free solution. This system
was first tested in synthetic human urine (SHU) simulating the ureolytic bacterium behavior. The
ammonia oxidation current (AOC) was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using Pt electrode
in SHU, obtaining better results when less urea was present in solution. Preliminary, AOC was
evaluated while the bacterial grew in Enriched Synthetic Human Urine (SHU + growth factors).
The experiment was carried out for 24 hours showing not only bacterial viability and actual growth
in the medium but an increased AOC over time.
Keywords: Urine recycling, Urea, Water, and Ammonia oxidation
72
Poster Presentation
P5
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Properties of Ferrocenyl Uracil
Derivatives
Hernández-Meléndez, J. 1; Montes-González, I. 1; Baerga-Ortíz A.2; Delgado-Rivera S. 1
2University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus
jose.hernandez80@upr.edu
Uracil is one of the common nitrogenous bases or pyrimidines found in ribonucleic acid (RNA),
known for its interactions and pairing with adenine. Recent studies demonstrated having found
promising biological activity in many uracil derivatives, making them important structures in the
development of new drugs. Amongst the many biological activities, anti-viral and anti-tumour have
been the most recently reported for different uracil analogues. Uracil derivatives have proven
potential for the specific treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B, Hepatitis
C, herpes virus, among others. Also, the uracil derivative 5-Fluorouracil has been used as
treatment for solid tumours such as colon and breast cancers, and some of its bioconjugates have
revealed to have even better results as anti-tumour agents for other cancer cell lines. An example
is the drug Uracil/Tegafur, known for its efficient acitivity towards the treatment of non-small cell
lung cancer. Based on these findings, the rationale of this project is that the uracil moiety will
enhance the biological activity of the already active ferrocenyl structure cores (chalcone,
dichalcone, ethynyl and stilbene). Three of the proposed novel compounds have been succesfuly
synthetized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR sepctra. Their activity towards
the cell growth inhibition of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and the radical scavenging
property were also studied and a comparisson of the activity of the different structural cores will
be elaborated. This work was funded by the NIH-MARC Program Grant No. 5T34GM007821-40.
Keywords: Ferrocene, Uracil, Chalcones, Stilbenes, Ethyne
73
Poster Presentation
P6
Assessment of leaf morphological traits in functional groups in a coastal
urban wetland: Ciénaga Las Cucharillas.
Rodriguez J. 1; Cuevas E. 1; Hernández E. 1
1Universityof Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus
joanne.rodriguez4@upr.edu
Leaves are considered one of the main organs in plants, serving as the structure for
photosynthesis. We assessed if different salinity levels in the soil on a coastal wetland could be
affecting plant processes at a functional group level. Our study site was Ciénaga Las Cucharillas,
an urban coastal palustrine/estuarine wetland located in San Juan Bay in the northern
metropolitan area of Puerto Rico, that shows a tridimensional spatial and temporal mosaic of
salinity. Plants were chosen from areas with contrasting salinity values. Leaves of different
maturity (young, adult and mature) under full sun exposure were collected, area measured,
weighted, oven dried at 60 C for 48 hours, and dry weighted. Specific leaf area (SLA), water
content and succulence were calculated. Adult leaves of grass Gynerium sagittatum had the
higher leaf area (162.0 cm2) of all groups and Avicennia germinans presented the smaller area
(23.5 cm2) Mean SLA differed significantly among groups and leaf age. Maximum SLA was
observed in young Thespesia populnea (191.3 cm2g-1) in a low salinity area (<10 ppt) and
minimum was in adult Laguncularia racemosa (57.3 cm2g-1) in brackish conditions (10 – 15 ppt).
For young leaves, SLA mean were similar for ferns, A. germinans and grasses, but different
significantly from T.populnea and L.racemosa. Maximum values of succulence were observed in
old leaves of L. racemosa (0.037 g cm-2) and minimum values in young Dalbergia ecastaphyllum
(0.010 g cm-2) in high salinity areas (>25 ppt). Our results suggest variability among functional
groups in leaf morphology and structure in response to abiotic factors and stressors. Future
studies will assess temporal variations and same functional group in contrasting salinity and
heavy metals values.
Keywords: Morphology, Wetland, Functional Group, Salinity, Heavy Metals
74
Poster Presentation
P7
Wirelessly Powering Bio – Compatible Circuits
La Torre M. 1; Yuk, H.2
1University
of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras
2Massachusetts Institute of Technology
manuel.latorre@upr.edu
Given the recent demand in tissue-like materials in the field of soft materials and bioelectronics
seeking biocompatibility in medical devices, we have been inspired to pursue achieving wearable
or implantable non-degradable hydrogel electronic devices. The fabrication of these electronics
being assessed with organic-conductive materials that prevail in biological systems owed to their
tissue-like properties. Materials like, poly 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate
(PEDOT: PSS) have shown promising efficiency with a conductivity varying around 500 S∙m-1 in
dry state, and 50 S∙m-1 in wet state. However, wirelessly powering materials like PEDOT: PSS
has not yet been assessed. With this project, we intend to power 3D printed PEDOT: PSS circuit
patterns through wireless inductive coupling. Wireless inductive coupling is a promising wireless
charging method in our current electronics industry and thought as a feasible method in charging
wearable or implantable hydrogel electronics, given the commitment of surgery when charging
implantable medical devices. Nonetheless, due to the high demand for soft and flexible devices
increases in our modern-day technology, the applications of these proposed methods and use of
materials are not tied to their medical applicability in devices for treatment or diagnosis, rather
committed to a broader spectrum of advancement in the general electronics industry. The lack of
biocompatibility and high conductive circuitry materials is greatly limited in the application of
wireless charging in vivo. With this project, we intend to break these existing limitations and
advance technology in the interfaces between humans and machines.
Keywords: Bio-electronics, Medical Device, Biocompatible, Material Sciences, PEDOT:PSS,

Biomedical Engineering, Soft Materials
Entrepreneurial Projections
75
Poster Presentation
P8
Opportunity Areas for the Cell Manufacturing Innovations in Puerto Rico
and the United States
Alicea Fret N. 1; Hernandez Torres M. 1; Zapata M. 1; Rivera D. 1; Ruiz I. 1
nahiara.alicea@upr.edu
The National Science Foundation (NSF) funded research grant CMaT (Cell Manufacturing
Technologies) is transforming cell therapy into an affordable and accessible way to treat cancer
and degenerative diseases. The macroenvironment of the cell manufacturing industry is being
analyzed by the Innovation Ecosystem team within CMaT at the University of Puerto Rico
Mayagüez Campus.This is being done by conducting an analysis that identifies factors in the
political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) areas that affect the
cell manufacturing industry in Puerto Rico and in the United States. The investigation is relevant
because these factors affect the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industry. Over 40
opportunities, limitations, and emerging trends in the biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals were
taken into consideration in the analysis to create a guide of external forces that can impact the
cell manufacturing industry in Puerto Rico and in the United States. The conclusion of the
PESTEL Analysis was that the cell manufacturing industry has a lot of new players and it is a
highly competitive market, because of that in order to succeed the business will need to specialize
in a certain type of stem cell therapy. The results of this analysis are being used to make
recommendations for future commercialization of CMaT innovations. The poster will present the
results of the PESTEL Analysis, how the different factors affect each other, and recommendations
given.
Keywords: cell therapy, market evaluation, pestel analysis
76
Poster Presentation
P9
Forensic Chemistry Division of ACS Inter ponce
Cruz Leon D. 1; Santiago Torres G. 1; Félix Massa T. 1; Ferrer Torres E. 1
1Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, Ponce Campus
In our campus, forensic science is one of the most well-known program. As promoters of
chemistry concepts, we created the forensic chemistry division of ACS Inter Ponce, in order to
increase the impact in our community. Our chapter is dedicated to combining chemical methods
and techniques of research for development in the field of forensic science. We have conducted
demonstrations to school applying forensic chemistry. In addition, several activities on and off the
campus was developed. Those activities are classified in professional growth and community
service. In professional growth , we organized workshops, forensic science conferences and
participated in the ACS Senior technical Meeting of Puerto Rico local section. As our commitment
with our institution, we collaborate in the recruitment activities, promoting the forensic science
program. This division serve to the community in various way such as participation in activities of
charitable organizations and in the recollection of toys for Operations Christmas child boxes. We
work hard to achieve our highest degree of purity and to be a catalyst for justice.
Keywords: forensic chemistry, chemical education, human resources
77
Poster Presentation
P10
Novel Sustainable Model for the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds in
Wastewater via Cellulose Acetate-Diblock Copoylmer Electrospun
Microfibers
Ramírez Colón J1.; Lasalde J.1; Herrera J.1; Hines T.1; Nicolau E.1
1Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus-San Juan, Puerto Rico
USA, 00931,
jose.ramirez34@upr.edu
For centuries, a class of compounds, known as phenols, has demonstrated to be essential

components in plants and others organisms’ anatomical structures. Seen in plants as building
materials and defense systems and in marine organisms as adhesives, the chemical features and
functionalities that these class of compounds exhibit, has made them biomolecules of great
interest in food, industrial, and biomedical industries. Following this significance, this study
presents a method to recover phenolic compounds from water environments, as a sustainable
model, to reuse them for future development of bioadhesives in space biomedical applications.
The approach exposed, highlights the use of an eco-friendly, selective, and highly porous material
build upon the membrane‐based separation method. The composite membrane fabricated
consisted on an electrospun film, developed via Electrospinning, made out of fibers of cellulose
acetate (CA) with interconnected nano- and micro- sized pore structures of high surface area.
The film was later modified with the aggregation of a diblock copolymer, polyethylene oxide-b-4
vinyl pyridine (PEO-b-P4VP), that served as a selective agent towards the phenolic compounds.
It is hypothesized, that this self-assembling compound, retains the phenolic compounds via π-π
interactions between the PEO-b-P4VP’s pyridine rings and the phenyl groups of the targeted
compounds. Further incorporation of alkoxysilane trimethoxy(2-phenylethyl)silane (TMPES) onto
the composites, boosted by thermal heating, provided the necessary stability to avoid minimal
damage of mechanical strength of the films. Characterization of the composite membrane was
accomplished via Scanning Electron Microscopy, Contact Angle, Energy-dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Later, the films were subjected to
wastewater samples from a local wetland in Cataño, Puerto Rico, formerly analyzed by GC-MS,
to measure adsorption of polyphenols. Preliminary results present an optimal biomaterial suitable
for the recovery of phenolic compounds from aquatic environments.
Keywords: Phenols, Electrospinning, Block copolymer
78
Poster Presentation
P11
Production Of Biodiesel From Vegetable Oil
Rivera Rivera D. 1; Soto Delgado D. 1; Vives Rivera J. 1; Patoriza Rozo J. 1
1University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo
dayaneira.rivera@upr.edu
The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that Biodiesel (BD) can be produce from vegetable
oil, without relying on fossil fuel reducing the problem of contamination by CO2, since the BD
works within a biological cycle. The objectives are develop a process for BD production from new
and used vegetable oil by reaction of transesterification and determine the average yield (% ᶇ) of
production, density and viscosity for every batch. BD is a synthetic biofuel that can be produce
from animal fats and natural lipids such as vegetable oil. The procedure of BD preparation consist
in use vegetable oil and the sodium methoxide mixture in an agitator reactor, maintaining the
temperature at 48 ͦ C and 300 rpm during 45 minutes. By operation of decantation, the BD was
separate from the glycerin then this BD was subjected to various washing steps with distilled
water to remove any impurities. As results, the average % ᶇ for the new vegetable oil was 90%
while for the used vegetable oil was 92%. The average viscosity for the new vegetable oil was
4.785g/cm-s and for used vegetable oil was 5.717g/cm-s, this values indicates that it is within
range of the industrial BD. The BD produce was tasted in a pickup Ford 250 and a digger owned
by the University of Puerto Rico-Arecibo, both with an excellent performance.
Keywords: eco friendly
In the current market of Puerto Rico there is no Biodiesel but the current price of
Diesel is 0.72 a liter. Biodiesel is a synthetic biofuel obtained from natural lipids
such as vegetable oil or animal fats by trans esterification industrial processes. Bi
79
Poster Presentation
P12
Bacterial inhibition with liposoluble extracts of brown algae and pennyroyal
Gines Velez P. 1; Cubano Perez A. 1; Torres Díaz G. 1; Rodríguez Santos A. 1
paola.gines@upr.edu
Since the past, seaweeds and mint plants have been utilized as foods and medicine for its curative
properties. Given the biological activities of seaweeds and mint plants numerous studies have
been executed particularly in macro algae and pennyroyal, but still are far away of its
pharmacological application. Seaweeds samples were collected in the reef areas of “La
Parguera” (Lajas, Puerto Rico) and pennyroyal samples were collected in Lares, Puerto Rico,
after washing and grinding them we proceed to the extraction using organic solvents in a
proportional mix 2:1 of chloroform and methanol. Employing roto-evaporation the organic
solvents were eliminated from the liposoluble extracts of the algae and pennyroyal. The
liposoluble extracts were maculated in bacterial cultures, for algae: two Gram (+): Bacillus subtilis
and Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram (-): Pseudomona aeruginosa and Echerichia coli, and
for pennyroyal: two Gram (+): Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram (-):
Poteus vulgaris and Echerichia coli to compare its bacterial inhibition with penicillin, novobiocin,
bacitracin and gentamicin. It was proved that the seaweed extract succeeded effectively inhibiting
all the bacteria to which it was exposed; yet, with Gram (-) bacteria it worked even better than
commercial antibiotics. Likewise, it was proved that the extract of pennyroyal succeeded
effectively inhibiting all the bacteria to which it was exposed; yet, with Gram (+) bacteria worked
even better than commercial antibiotics. The results demonstrate that the inhibition varies
depending of the type seaweed, mint plants and bacteria. It has been noted that there is also a
stationary effect with the inhibition that is probably related with the seaweed’s and mint plants
reproduction cycle.
Keywords: Algae Bacterial Inhibition
80
Poster Presentation
P13
Catalysis of Oxygen Reduction Reaction with modified PtNi-Nanowires in
Alkaline Medium
Trinidad Pérez P. 1, Larios Rodriguez E. 1; Cabrera C. 1; Soto Pérez J. 1
University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras Campus
pedro.trinidad1@upr.edu
The Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells were the first type of fuel cell developed as an
alternative energy source to produce electricity, which has high efficiency in the Oxygen
Reduction Reaction (ORR) compared to common acid based fuel cells. The most common
catalysts used for the ORR is Platinum, however, the application of a novel bimetallic catalyst
such as PtNi-Nanowires (NWs), are promising alternatives. Ni-NWs were hydrothermally
synthesized and then characterized using Cyclic-Voltammograms, XRD, and TEM imaging to
identify the structure of the Ni-NWs as well as identify the presence of metallic Nickel. Then the
Ni-NWs were modified with a Pt precursor to form the PtNi-NWs using the principle of
spontaneous galvanic displacement and then characterized as well. Additionally, commercial Ni-
NWs were also modified with a Pt precursor to create PtNiCommercial-NWs and characterized.
A Glassy Carbon RDE was then modified with the PtNi-NWs then tested as a catalyst for ORR
and compared with the PtNiCommercial-NWs and commercial Pt/C catalyst. The Polarization
Curves of ORR generated were used to compare the reduction of oxygen catalyzed by the
modified RDE compared to the PtNiCommercial-NWs and Pt/C. The ORR catalyzed by
synthetized PtNi-NWs showed an E1/2 of 0.80 V compared to the E1/2 of PtNiCommercial-NWs
which was 0.73 V, and compared to the E1/2 of Pt/C which was 0.83 V. Further calculations are
suggested to calculate the theoretical amount of electrons involved in the reaction using the
Koutecky-Levish formula and using a RRDE to measure the production of hydrogen peroxide to
determine the effectiveness of the PtNi-NWs.
Keywords: PtNi-NWs, Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR), O2 Polarization Curves
Create an affordable and efficient catalyst for use in a fuel cell for Hydrogen Cars. This can make
fuel cell technology more accessible, helping to reduce transportation emissions.
81
Poster Presentation
P14
Water Quality in the Caño Boquilla Natural Reserve, Mayaguez , PR.
Velázquez A. 1; Jusino E. 1; González Á.1
1Inter American University of Puerto Rico - San German Campus
angela_gonzalez_mederos@intersg.edu
Water quality is important for the well-being of people and animals. The Caño Boquilla Mayaguez-
Añasco Natural Reserve water quality was evaluated. This Reserve consists of three rivers: Caño
Boquilla (Mayaguez), Caño Maní (Mayaguez) and Caño La Puente (Añasco). The area tested is
considered an estuary, because fresh water mixes with sea water. It is important to maintain the
proper water quality to warrant aquatic life survival in this important ecosystem. The physical-
chemical parameters tested were dissolved oxygen, saturation percent, pH, phosphates, nitrates,
temperature, salinity and turbidity; bacteriological quality was also tested. This was the first water
quality study that has been carried out in this Natural Reserve. The purpose of this study was to
evaluate water quality and bacteriology, compare "caños" and document changes in estuaries for
22 weeks. This research reports in the behavior of the parameters according to the
geomorphological changes.
Keywords: Water quality, Estuaries, Parameters, Geomorphological changes
82
Poster Presentation
P15
Development of Deltamethrin Electrospun Fibers to Combat Aedes aegypti
Mosquitoes
Carmona-Sepúlveda I. 1; López-Mejías V. 2; Yang J.1
2New York University
isis.carmona@upr.edu
Disease-carrying vectors have shown resistance against various contact insecticides, putting
public health at risk. Here, we accessed a novel solid-form of contact insecticide deltamethrin
after performing electrospinning a solution this insecticide and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The
fibers were analyzed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersion
spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to confirm
the composition, morphology, and solid-form. It was concluded that the fibers contained of
approximately 2% of deltamethrin, and that these were in the amorphous solid-state. Bioassays
were performed to compare the potency between the deltamethrin electrospun fibers and control
samples; the average knockdown time was found to be 651.5 min. Bioassays against 25 female
Aedes aegypti mosquitos demonstrated the lethality of this formulation. For future work, we aim
to use different methods of crystallization and keep using the electrospinning technique while
increasing the concentration of the insecticide used. Melt crystallization and electrospinning will
be employed to access additional solid-forms of this and other contact insecticides. Bioassays
will also be performed to determine the potency of the resulting formulations against various
vectors.
Keywords: Contact Insecticides, electrospinning, novel solid-forms, Aedes aegypti
83
Poster Presentation
P16
The impact of Intravenous Vitamin C and Endolaser Therapies on a
pediatric brainstem glioma case
Solís Nolasco I. 1; Caraballo G.2; Olalde J.3; González M.2; Morales-Borges R.4
2Centro Médico Regenerativo
3University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus
4Integrative Optimal Health of Puerto Rico
ivette.solis@upr.edu
Pediatric cases of brainstem glioma are one of the most difficult to treat. In children, this type of
cancer is perhaps the most dreaded of cancers due to its poor prognosis, yet it remains an area
of intense research. In the case presented herein, conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy
treatments were not showing any improvement. The patient was then treated with high dose
intravenous vitamin C and endolaser therapy. A significant reduction on glioma’s size was
achieved in two months with this adjunct therapy. These results present a possibility of decreasing
brainstem glioma progression with adjuvant intravenous vitamin C and endolaser therapy.
Keywords: cancer, integrative medicine, photochemicals, brainstem glioma, intravenous laser

therapy
84
Poster Presentation
P17
Transforming tomorrow’s society through the power of chemistry
Soto Bibiloni A. 1; Rodríguez Rolón A1.; Cruz-Berríos M. 1; Díaz Rohena D. 1; Maldonado Ménez
J. 1; Miranda G. 1; Montes I. 1
acs.uprrp@gmail.com
The American Chemical Society (ACS), the world’s largest scientific society, promotes the
scientific development and networking for undergraduate students, graduate students, faculty
members, and their communities, through scientific diversity. The University of Puerto Rico, Río
Piedras chapter exemplifies this diversity by having student members from all around Puerto Rico
and from diverse undergraduate majors. Thus, allowing interdisciplinary connections between
science and non-science fields with innovative ideas and creative initiatives. Our student
community ranges from students that study chemistry to students that study architecture, and the
mission of ACS unites us. The chapter’s two main goals are to develop and encourage student
members and local communities to become the scientific leaders of our society through chemistry,
and to promote the involvement of aspiring scientists to advance the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) set for 2030. To do so, the chapter members work with community service, hands–
on demonstrations and The Magic of Chemistry shows that are presented to diverse audiences,
as well as the Festival of Chemistry held each semester. All of these activities integrate the SDGs
to promote a better future, starting locally. Our audiences have a wide range of ages, from
children to the elderly. These activities allow our members to enrich and inspire the community
through the transforming world of chemistry. It also gives student members the opportunity to
establish network relationships with professionals in scientific fields which might result helpful for
those interested in graduate studies or other professional careers. Our members develop
leadership and communication skills whilst making lifelong connections with other members
through activities all year round. The chapter strives to help students develop other qualities that
have a positive impact on their future professional careers and personal development. The ACS
Río Piedras chapter is forging role models to educate, impact and inspire tomorrow’s society.
Keywords: leadership, sustainable development, role models
85
Poster Presentation
P18
Human Serum Amyloid A: A Study of Protein Complexes after
Determination of Overexpression Levels in HepG2 Cells
Collazo-Perez L. 1; Salas-Sola X. 1; Pares-Matos E. 1
University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez Campus
laura.collazo1@upr.edu
Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is an apolipoprotein found in the serum of many vertebrate species, and
is associated with the acute-phase reaction in the body with expression levels reaching up to a
1000 fold increase. The loss of its alpha-helix conformation during its expression peak is directly
linked to secondary amyloidosis. It's been suggested to play a role in cholesterol and HDL
metabolism, retinol transport, tumor pathogenesis and antibacterial functions; but not much is
certain or completely understood. Consequentially, the purpose of this research project is to
determine which protein-protein interactions with SAA occur in the body, and predict its
biochemical role based on new discovered complexes. Two major isoforms, human SAA1.1 and
mouse SAA2.2, are the focus of this study because both are overexpressed during an acute-
phase reaction. As positive controls, transformants containing a pET21a-LIC:SAA vector were
cultured and later induced with isopropyl β- d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at four different time
points (1h, 2h, 3h, and 3.5h). Maximum overexpression was found to be at 2h post-induction by
observing the strong band around 12kDa in an SDS-PAGE. In order to determine appropriate
primary and secondary antibodies for those immunoassays involving the SAA protein, a Dot Blot
and Western Blot will be executed. Because both isoforms are primarily produced in the liver,
HepG2 cells will also be cultured and induced with either interleukin-1,interleukin-6 or retinoic
acid. The protein complexes associated with SAA will be isolated through co-immunoprecipitation
technique using previously selected specific antibodies, and then delivered to the UPR-Medical
Sciences Campus, for analysis and identification of the proteins bound to SAA. The results
obtained with this study will allow us to predict unknown biochemical mechanisms and new
interactions involving Serum Amyloid A, after which will be tested further in this research project.
Keywords: Serum amyloid A, apolipoprotein, co-immunoprecipitation
86
Poster Presentation
P19
Effects of the exposure to Au-NP's in Gorgonia ventalina
Vázquez Nevárez E. 1; Rivera Arroyo D. 1
1University
of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
ernesto.vazquez@upr.edu
Gold nanoparticles (Au-NP's) have become an emergent contaminant and therefore an

unexpected threat to the marine ecosystem, including corals. The main goal of this research is to
determine the effects of spherical gold nanoparticles in corals after a period of exposure. It was
expected that after prolonged exposure and under regular conditions the corals would perish. To
examine their impact in the aquatic ecosystem, three individuals were studied, of which two where
exposed to the nanoparticles. Tissue samples recovered, and the elemental data collected
showed an average increase in the amount of gold that each had and an increment in calcium
carbonate. Additionally, they showed an increase in the number of proteins produced and
subsequently a decrease, and an extreme loss of calcium carbonate, which was the final sign of
their demise.
Keywords: Gorgonia ventalina, nanoparticles, gold
87
Poster Presentation
P20
Phytoremediation of copper by the aquatic macrophyte Bacopa monnieri
exposed to CuO nanoparticles
Cordero Rosario A. 1
alejandro.cordero2@upr.edu
Nanoparticles (NPs) are atomic or molecular aggregates, usually between 1 and 100 nm. Copper
oxide-nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) is a widely used metal oxide NP which reaches a water body
through wastewater and urban runoff. The toxic effects of CuO-NPs on hydrophytes are scared
at present mainly when considered the phytoremediation of nanoparticles in the aquatic
environment. It is known that few aquatic macrophytes including duckweed species are able to
remove nanopollutants from the environment. To our knowledge, CuO-NP phytoremediation by
the emergent aquatic macrophyte Bacopa monnieri (brahmi, water hyssop or moneywort), also
known for its potential effects as a medicinal plant. This study is focused in the effect and uptake
of CuO-NPs on B. monnieri. Plant sample collection was performed in a local natural wetland
nearby a Regional Landfill. After being acclimatized in laboratory conditions, plants were exposed
to 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 8.0 mg/L of CuO-NPs for a period of 8. Results demonstrated that
the maximum uptake of B. monnieri was 300.0 μg/g and only 19.3% was captured by the
macrophyte treated with 8.0 mg/L on the 8th day. B. monnieri could be seen as fairly able to
remove CuO-NPs although further studies need to be performed to reflect the true potential of B.
monnieri to evaluate if this aquatic plant could effectively remove the studied metallic NP.
Keywords: metal oxide nanoparticules, macrophyte, phytoremediation, Copper Oxide,
88
Poster Presentation
P21
ACS UPR-Arecibo Chapter: An Amazing Chapter!
Dominguez Negron L. 1; Cartagena Rivera K. 1; Arroyo Galbán L. 1; Santiago Cordero A. 1;
Martínez Pérez M. 1
laleshka.dominguez@upr.edu
The ACS Student Affiliates Chapter from the University of Puerto Rico-Arecibo (UPRA) Campus
is an active member since 2003. Our chapter has been awarded as an Outstanding,
Commendable and Honorable Chapter. We are proud to say that we are also a Green Chemistry
Chapter. The strength of our chapter was the dedication and connection of its members to the
association. Together we influenced people of all ages using the transforming power of chemistry.
Our chapter conducts service events including school visits to perform chemical demonstrations,
field trips, professional development workshops and seminars, chapter business meetings among
others. Our chapter has had a positive impact on the Department of Physics and Chemistry and
our university bringing other associations including the Chemical Technology Student Association
(AETQ), Future Pharmacists Association, Aullido Verde, Puerto Rico Pre-Dental Association to
participate in some of our activities to promote the importance of chemistry and environment
awareness among students. Last year a significant achievement was the opening of our first HS
Chem Club with the Trina Padilla Sanz High School. This was easily achieved since they were
willing and eager to make this connection. For the promotion of the Mole Day, we celebrated the
activity titled Mole Challenge, our most expected activity by the university community.
Participating students competed in solving riddles and finding clues to advance to the next
challenge. Our chapter has always participated in activities sponsored by the PR Local Chapter
including performing chemical demonstrations in the Festival de Química at El Paseo La Princesa
in San Juan, PR. We feel very proud of being part of the ACS Chapter at UPRA.
Keywords: Arecibo,ACS,CHEMISTRY
89
Poster Presentation
P22
Combinatorial Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Ciprofloxacin And 2-
Hexadecynoic Acid Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Cortes-Morales G.; Carballeira N.2; Ocasio-Malavé C. 1; Medina S. 1; Sanabria-Ríos D. 1
1Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Metropolitan Campus
2University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus
dsanabria@intermetro.edu
It is known that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been a major public
health problem. The rising infection rates in communities and hospitals has significantly impacted
treatment costs. Complications to this situation have increased with the resistance acquired by
MRSA towards antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), commonly prescribed to treat a broad-
spectrum of bacterial infections. In need of a new compound with effective antibacterial activity, it
was found that a previously reported synthesis of 2-hexadecynoic acid (2-HDA) effectively
inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as clinical isolates of
MRSA (CIMRSA). In this study, combinations of Cipro and 2-HDA were evaluated against various
CIMRSA strains in search of the most effective ratio for bacterial inhibition. To determine the most
potent ratio of Cipro:2-HDA combinations, minimum inhibitory concentration assays (MICs) were
performed against six CIMRSA strains by microdilution susceptibility tests using tryptic soy broth
(TSB). Our results revealed that a ratio of 4:1 (2-HDA: Cipro) was the most effective combination
with a reported MIC value of 7.8 µg/mL when tested against our most resistant strain of CIMRSA.
Although lower MIC values were achieved with these drug ratio combinations, when compared to
previous reports, it was shown that 2-HDA alone remains the most effective compound overall. In
addition, PCR assays were performed to identify the Cipro-resistance gene in our CIMRSA strains
and confirm their resistant identity through a molecular approach. This study opens the possibility
to conduct future experiments towards a molecular direction for a more detailed insight of how 2-
HDA and combinations of 2-HDA and cipro affect CIMRSA strains at the gene level.
Keywords: Multidrug-resistant S. aureus, PCR, Fatty acids
90
Poster Presentation
P23
Analysis of positive modulators of SK channel activity and their impact on
calcium oscillation frequency
Sánchez Rodríguez D. 1; Satin L.2; Thompson B.2
1InterAmerican University of Puerto Rico - Ponce Campus
2University of Michigan
lsatin@umich.edu
Pancreatic β-cells contribute to the maintenance of whole body glucose homeostasis by secreting
insulin when blood sugar rises, which causes glucose levels to decline in the blood due to
enhanced glucose uptake. Impaired β-cell function results in reduced insulin secretion and
contributes to the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Insulin is secreted in
pulses that are driven by glucose-induced oscillations in β-cell Ca2+ that reflect a complex
interaction between beta cell ion channels and glucose metabolism. A class of ion channels that
is necessary for proper Ca2+ oscillations are the small- and intermediate-conductance calcium-
activated potassium (SK) channels, SK1, SK2, SK3, and SK4. Drugs that are positive modulators
of these channels are reported to selectively potentiate SK channel activity by changing the
calcium sensitivity of the channels by interacting with the channels’ calmodulin binding domain.
In this study, we tested several selective and nonselective SK channel modulators to determine
their functional affinity and efficacy towards particular SK channel subtypes in β-cells. We
measured drug dose responses for the drugs GW542573x, CyPPA, SKA-111, and 1-EBIO by
seeing how they altered glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillations in isolated mouse islets. The SK1
reported agonist, GW542573x, was exceptionally potent as it significantly increased islet calcium
oscillation frequency. Moreover, statistical analysis of the data confirmed this significant increase
in calcium oscillation frequency. Our results further reveal that the difference in potency of each
positive modulator in potentiating the SK/IK channel activity may be attributed to specific
interactions between the modulators and their binding sites.
Keywords: Pancreatic Beta Cells, Diabetes, SK channels
91
Poster Presentation
P24
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Lemna minor from a natural wetland
Ulloa-Ponce T. 1; Rosa-Santiago J. 1; Cabán-González N. 1; Cortés-Rosario Y. 1
;Colón-García S1.
taiz.ulloa@upr.edu
Heavy metals are considered main sources of pollution in the environment. The analysis of
macrophytes and sediment samples helps in evaluating pollution status in aquatic environment.
In this study accumulation of Pb, Cu, Cd, Mn, Fe, Ni and Cd in water, sediments and an aquatic
plant species (Lemna minor) were investigated in a water stream located in a natural wetland. It
is known that this wetland has been exposed to contamination due to anthropogenic activity and
pollution from nearby industries affecting its environment, as well as the aquatic organisms that
live there. Macrophytes (aquatic plants) act as good bio-filters by accumulating heavy metals from
the surrounding environment and hence aid as indicators of heavy metal contamination in aquatic
ecosystems. Levels of metals will be also evaluated in different yearly seasons. Treatment of
samples includes the use of acid digestion methods. The quantification of metals will be
performed by using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. For checking the accuracy,
reference materials were subject to the same treatment that the samples and are included in the
overall analytical process. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) and translocation factors (TF) will also
be evaluated.
Keywords: heavy metals, bioaccumulation, lemna minor
92
Poster Presentation
P25
Interfacial Geometry and its Effect on the Estimation of Binary Gas
Diffusivities in an Isothermal Stefan Column
Moreno M. 1; Moreno I. 1; Jaime M. 1; Maisonet S. 1; Ramírez C. 1
University of Puerto Rico
carlos.ramirez9@upr.edu
The Stefan column was developed in the second half of the 19th Century to estimate binary gas
diffusivities, DAB’s, and this goal has been achieved by many research groups. In the classical
device, pure liquid A is placed at the bottom of a column and overlaid with stagnant gas B. A gas
B sweep is provided at the top to remove the diffused gas A. However, column “end effects” have
been largely ignored or neglected. The present study addressed the potential effect of interfacial
curvature on diffusivity determination. Curvature affects the interfacial (transport) area and the
diffusion path length for gas A. Cylindrical aluminum punches with flat or curved geometries at
the tip were used to imprint solid naphthalene interfaces. The naphthalene-containing tubes were
then subjected to standard Stefan column sublimation-diffusion experiments at ~60°C and
atmospheric pressure. With the mass loss from each tube obtained gravimetrically and the
tube/punch dimensions, the experimental diffusivities D AB,exp were determined using the solution
to a one-dimensional transport model for gas A. Tubes with flat interfaces had the smallest D AB,exp
errors relative to the literature and the curved surfaces (spherical and elliptical) the largest when
they were assumed to be flat in the calculations. When curvature was accounted for
mathematically, the DAB,exp errors changed sign and magnitude. This is the first study to show
that neglect of interfacial curvature can lead to significant errors in the D AB,exp estimates obtained
with the isothermal Stefan column method. Therefore, curvature corrections should be
considered whenever accurate DAB’s are sought.
Keywords: interfacial curvature and binary gas diffusivity determination; end effects in an
isothermal Stefan diffusion column; naphthalene/atmospheric air sublimation-diffusion
process;one-dimensional transport modeling in the gas phase
93
Poster Presentation
P26
Monitoring water quality in a northern Marine Reserve by ACS-UPRB
Santiago Pérez L. 1; Ocasio-Idorwatt F. 1; Hernández-Casanova G. 1
1University of Puerto Rico - Bayamón Campus
laura.santiago2@upr.edu
The Environmental Chemistry Division (ECD) from the American Chemical Society of the
University of Puerto Rico at Bayamon Student Chapter (ACS-UPRB) focuses in to learn and to
teach about the environmental chemical issues and their impact in our community. Water quality
is an important part of environmental monitoring. When water quality is poor, it could affect not
only aquatic life but also its surrounding. In November 2018, the ECD initiated a partnership with
a local, non-profit organization, to monitor the water quality of a marine reserve. In February 2019,
we received a workshop of how to monitor water quality using an instrument that measure
parameters such as: pH, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, turbidity and conductivity.
During the months of March, April and May we had the opportunity to monitor the water quality of
several sections of the Isla Verde Reef Marine Reserve. We obtained and analyzed the data,
which confirmed that the values of salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH of the reserve,
corresponded to the levels observed in seawater. The water quality was good, no contamination
or irregularity was found. Furthermore, we observed a slightly increase of the water temperature
(0.2 to 0.4 units) as we moved from March to May, indicative that summer was approaching. A
similar increase in salinity and conductivity were also observed. The other parameters remained
almost constant. With this activity, the students could learn how to monitor water quality and had
the experience to be in contact with the environment and to understand the importance to take
care of it.
Keywords: monitoring water quality
94
Poster Presentation
P27
Optimized catalyst system for the one-pot conversion of tartaric acid to
succinic acid
Ruiz Valentín G1.; Pagán Torres Y. 1; Nacy A. 1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez
genesis.ruiz1@upr.edu
The exploitation, refinement, and chemical transformation of fossil fuels represents the current
source of energy worldwide. This technological success has raised concerns over the notable
increase in greenhouse gas emissions and the reduction of these resources due to their extensive
exploitation. The conversion of biomass and its derivatives provide renewable alternatives for
sustainable production of chemicals, polymers, and fuels. The challenge of this strategy is the
reduction of the oxygen content of biomass derived molecules. Succinic acid (SA) is recognized
as one of the top biomass-derived platform chemicals due to its wide variety of applications
including agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Herein, recent findings to produce SA
from tartaric acid (TA), broadly available in waste streams of wine production, over a
heterogeneous catalyst using hydrogen gas as the reducing agent are presented. Catalysts were
synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation and studied in a batch reactor under a hydrogen
environment. A variety of noble metals (i.e., Pd, Pt, Rh), metal-oxides (i.e., WOx, MoOx, ReOx,
VOx) and reducible metal-oxide supports (i.e., TiO2, ZrO2) were studied to develop highly active
and selective TA hydrodeoxygenation catalysts. A catalyst system comprised of molybdenum
oxide supported on TiO2 promoted by Pd or Pt led to SA in yields >90%. The proposed system
selectively cleaves C-O bonds, while leaving C=O groups intact.
Keywords: biomass, heterogeneous catalysis, hydrodeoxygenation
95
Poster Presentation
P28
Enhanced magneto-electric properties and structural phase transition in
Er/Yb:BiFeO3 bulk and thin films
Zuluaga C. 1; Martinez R. 1; Huhtinen, H. 1; Katiyar R.2; Palai R. 1
1Departmentof Physics, University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
2Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku
FIN-20014, Finland
ricardo.martinez12@upr.edu
Multiferroics materials are scientifically and technologically promising because of their potential
applications in multi-state memory for data storage, magnetic recording, spintronics, quantum
electromagnets, and sensors. BiFeO3 (BFO) is one the rare single-phase room temperature
multiferroics and shows ferroelectricity up to 820oC and antiferromagnetism below 370oC.
However, high leakage current, weak magnetoelectric coupling, presence of cycloidal spin spiral,
and critical structural stability of BFO are the bottlenecks for practical applications. Rare earths
show many Interesting optoelectronic and magnetoptic properties. In order to enhance the
magneto-electric properties, we investigated Yb and Er co-doped BFO [Bi1-2x(YbxErx)FeO3] ( x
= 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.25) bulk and thin film samples. We found that bulk samples with x
10% rare earth show significant improvement in magneto-electric properties with very high
polarization (~ 100 µc/cm2). The enhanced magnetic properties can be explained by the
localization of 4f electrons and high effective magnetic moments of rare earth. A structural phase
transition has been observed above 20% doping of rare earth. The effect of co-doping of rare
earth on enhanced magnetoelectric properties and phase transition will be discussed in detail.
Keywords: Multiferroic, Magneto-electric, Rare-Earth, Magnetic Moment, 4f orbital
This research points toward the development of novel micro- and nano-electro-mechanical
systems (MEMS&NEMS)
96
Poster Presentation
P29
Assessment Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons On Surface And
Groundwater Of Cucharillas Marsh, Cataño, PR
Berríos-Rolón P. 1; Cotto-Maldonado M. 1; Ducongé-Hernández J. 1; Márquez F. 1
Universidad Ana G. Méndez - Gurabo Campus
pberrios12@email.suagm.edu
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants ubiquitous
in the environment. Large quantity of individual PAHs are produced and released into the
environment by the incomplete combustion of organic matter on the natural environment and by
anthropogenic activities. Urban wetlands generally occupy low-lying areas that accumulate large
amount of organic pollutants generated by nearby industrial, domestic, and urban activities.
Cucharillas Marsh (CM) is the largest urban wetland in the metropolitan area of Cataño, Puerto
Rico. This wetland is an essential component that ensures the ecological integrity of the San Juan
Bay Estuary. However, the CM is at environmental risk due to the chronic discharge of PAHs by
urban runoff originated on impervious surfaces surrounding the wetland. The purpose of this study
is to determine the concentration of at least two United State Environmental Protection Agency
Priority Pollutant PAHs on surface and groundwater from CM, its significant relationship and non-
point pollution sources. It is hypothesized: (1) the concentration of PAHs on surface and
groundwater have a significant relationship because of the hydrologic connectivity; and (2) the
PAHs on surface and groundwater originates from the same non-point pollution sources.
Preliminary results on hydrologic connectivity shows a variation in salinity concentration on
groundwater between wet and dry seasons. Findings will provide relevant information of organic
pollution on a protected urban wetland, distribution and common non-point sources. In turn,
knowledge will provide scientific data for the improvement of management and restoration efforts
on CM.
Keywords: PAHs, Urban wetlands, Water pollution
97
Poster Presentation
P30
Metal Phthalocyanine Nanowires for Detecting Toxic Gases in the
Environment
Cintrón Cruz J. 1; Piñero D. 1
University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus
Juan.cintron5@upr.edu
Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) are one of the most versatile complexes used as organic
semiconductors for multiple applications. Their 18 pi-conjugated macrocycle give them high
stability and allows for fine modifications in the peripheral positions that change the properties of
the parent complex. One of the applications of MPcs is gas sensing which is mediated by the
metal in the center of the complex. The choice of the metal ion influences the selectivity of MPc
based sensors towards a particular gas. Metal phthalocyanines are highly stable which allows for
their integration into different architectures including thin films, nanowires, and coordination
polymers. However, the most common MPc sensors found in the literature are based on thin films.
In this project we propose the use nanowires as a way to increase the sensitivity of the
sensors. We synthesized fluorinated and unsubstituted MPcs with Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe and Mn
using various methods. The MPcs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR
spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. We then used the complexes to grow nanowires by using
chemical vapor deposition (CVD) including the first nanowires based on fluorinated Co
phthalocyanines. The MPc and MPcF16 nanowires were then deposited over four-point
electrodes and characterized by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). These devices
are currently being tested as sensors for gases like NO2 and here we report our first preliminary
results.
Keywords: Phthalocyanines, sensors, nanotechnology
98
Poster Presentation
P31
SIZE AND ARRANGEMENT EFFECT OF Zn1-xMnxO CATALYSTS ON THE
OXYGEN REDUCTION ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY
Cuadrado Rodriguez N. 1; Santiago M. 1; Del-Pilar J.2; Pizarro L. 1
Universidad Ana G. Méndez - Cupey Campus
Universidad de Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
ncuadrado11@email.suagm.edu
Fuel cells are a promising technology that provides clean energy by converting chemical energy
from reactions to electricity. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) presents a major hurdle for fuel
cell commercialization because of its slow kinetics at the electrode surface. ORR kinetics are
greatly improved in alkaline media thus making alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFC) an attractive
technology. Our research aims to study the effect of composition and crystal size of Zn1-xMnxO
in ORR catalysis for AMFC applications. Zn1-xMnxO samples, where x represents different
concentrations (x= 0.01, 0.03, 0.05), were prepared by the coprecipitation method of zinc and
manganese salts. The effect of capping agent, succinic acid, was investigated by adding the 0.01
mmol to the metal precursor solution. The materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction,
diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Electrocatalysis experiments were performed using rotary disk
electrode method in 1.0 M NaOH, the conditions used to make electrocatalysis where swept
speed of 15mv/s, rotation 1600 revolution per minute. The XRD patterns suggest the materials
crystallize is in wurtzite a hexagonal lattice. Fiber-like structures with an average of 500 nm in
length were observed for Zn0.97Mn0.03O whereas square structures with an average size of 60
nm were obtained upon addition of succinic acid. Materials synthesized in presence of succinic
acid showed higher onset potentials compared to those without capping agent. We found that
capping agents reduce crystal size and changes morphology while retaining the wurtzite lattice.
Our findings suggest that the higher onset potentials observed for materials with succinic acid
result from a crystal size effect thus providing more active surface area for catalysis.
Keywords: Energy/Fuels; Nano/Material; Inorganic Chemistry
99
Poster Presentation
P32
CULTURE OF HALOPHILIC BACTERIA CAPABLE OF PRODUCING
ANTIBIOTICS AND HYDROLASES FROM MICROBIAL MATS.
De Jesús C.; Casillas L1.; López A. 1; Canales S.2
1University of Puerto Rico - Humacao Campus
crystal.dejesus2@upr.edu
Thanks to a funding from an HHMI-Inclusive Excellence grant proposal we have revamped the
experiences of the General Microbiology Laboratory by implementing the Tiny Earth at the
University of Puerto Rico-Humacao. Contrarily to the traditional program we decided not to use
soils from our backyards and to sample microbial mats to search for antibiotic producing bacteria.
Microbial mats are highly laminated ecosystems that harbor a diversity of bacteria from different
metabolism all living together in limited areas. The new locations sampled in our study included
mats samples from the solar salterns at the Luis Pena channel in Culebra, Puerto Rico and at a
salt pond in Las cabezas de San Juan, Fajardo, Puerto Rico. Both of these locations are national
refuges in the island and have a high salinity count, which means that they contain halophilic
bacteria. Halophilic microorganisms are extremophiles that live in areas with a high salinity
concentration. To cultivate the different halophiles from the mats we initially used the 1:10 media
recommended by the traditional Tiny Earth protocol but only a few spore forming bacteria were
growing. Then, we decided to use Marine agar media and a substantial increase in the number
of different morphotypes, specially pigmented colonies, was reported. From these colonies, we
identified 8 unique isolates. As halophiles have been known to produce antibiotics, we tested our
8 isolates against 8 pathogens (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella sonnei,
Serratia marcescens). Also, we performed Kirby-Bauer tests with 7 antibiotics (Oxytetracycline,
Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Kanamycin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin) to determine
differential antibiotic resistance. Since halophiles are known to produce highly stable hydrolases,
we began a preliminary study on their patterns of enzyme production. To perform these studies,
we used 6 of the isolates. For the Protease enzyme, the isolates 5 and 6 were positive, while for
the Esterase enzyme, they all showed activity. Our next step is to analyze the 8 isolates with the
enzimatic essays for Lipase and Epoxide Hydrolase and to continue a 16SrDNA sequence
identification of the isolates to determine if novel antibiotic-producing halophiles are isolated from
Puerto Rico.
Keywords: Halophilic, microbial mats, hydrolases, enzyme
100
Poster Presentation
P33
Self-Assembled Monolayer of Cysteine or 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (3-
MPA) on a Gold Electrode for Medical Application
Cruz Sanchez N. 1; Gonzalez Rivas W. 1; Suheily Alonso S. 1; Jomar Morales M.1; Mitk'El
Santiago B. 1
1Universidad Ana G. Mendez
wgonzalez142 @email.suagm.edu
This investigation it’s based on create a biosensor to detect prostate cancer, using a process less
harmful to the body and waiting for more efficient results. The experiment work with
electrochemistry focusing in the cyclic voltammetry analysis of a gold modified electrode with
Cysteine (C3H7NO2S) or 3-MPA (C3H6O2S). Between the different methods to produce a highly
ordered film or monolayer, we are using a method discovered by Raphael G. Nuzzo and David L.
Allara in 1983, called self-assembled monolayer, known as (SAM). First, the gold electrode
surface is mechanically cleaned via polishing with 0.05 µm of alumina suspension and
electrochemically with a solution of 0.1M sulfide acid H2SO4 through cyclic voltammetry. Then
SAM is prepared by the electrode immersion on a diluted solution of Cysteine or 3-MPA both
0.1M. Using these two different solutions we can see the peaks differences when cyclic
voltammetry is done. These variabilities correspond to the characteristic peaks of RedOx
(oxidation and reduction); with Cysteine we can see the peaks between 0.4457 V on oxidation
and 0.8636 V on Reduction. Otherwise, with 3-MPA we can see the peaks between 0.8614 V on
oxidation and 0.4495 V on reduction, that are not visible in the voltammogram of cleaned gold
electrode. Using these results as reference, our goal is to determine and characterize the
formation of the self-assembled monolayer either on cysteine or 3-MPA in the surface of a gold
electrode as objective of using this method to medical application.
101
Poster Presentation
P34
Global Value Chain Governance and Key Players
Pedrosa Martinez P. 1; Dereck Hernández D. 1; Amador-Dumois M. 1; Vélez D. 1; Encarnación J. 1
1University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
priscilla.pedrosa@upr.edu
Cell Therapies Manufacturing is an emerging industry that will transform the practice of traditional
medicine. Its primary focus is in the areas of CAR-T therapy for cancer treatments, Mesenchymal
Stem Cell (MSC) for skeletal diseases and iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes for cardiology. The
objective of this research is to develop the current cell manufacturing technologies industry global
value chain (GVC) and the map Puerto Rico current positioning in the GVC. Cell manufacturing
technologies include therapies and medical devices, therefore, we developed two GVCs. The
study framework is an adaptation of the traditional GVC methodology developed by Gary Gereffi
(1995, 1999), and Humphrey and Sturgeon (2002) to an emergent industry. The GVC dimensions
are the input-output structure, geographical considerations, governance structure, upgrading,
industry stakeholders, and institutional context. Input-output structure focuses on ongoing
research of support activities, and primary activities participants, mostly suppliers, research
institutions, manufacturers, distributors, hospitals, commercialization institutions, and after-
service providers. The methodology uses mixed method research with document research,
interviews, and survey. The results of the study present two interdependent but distinctive global
value chains one with traditional high- and low-value structure and another with non-traditional.
We identified key success factors and barriers to the GVC.
Keywords: global value chain, suppliers, manufacturers, service providers
102
Poster Presentation
P35
Effects of Dam Removal on Fish Communities in Puerto Rico Streams
Cancel-Villamil J.1; Locke S. 1
johann.cancel@upr.edu
Prior work suggests diadromous native fishes are impeded from accessing much of the island of
Puerto Rico’s upstream riverine environments by dams, where lake-like environments are
dominated by exotic fishes. The aim of this project is to characterize communities of native and
exotic fishes in the Río Culebrinas and Río Grande de Arecibo rivers in which dam removal or
modification was planned to restore riverine connectivity. Fish communities upstream and
downstream of dams were sampled three times prior to dam removal, and once after removal.
Fish communities above and below dams differed significantly and were more heterogeneous
than in an undammed reference river. Of 28 confirmed fish species observed across all sites,
seven were native river species, 12 were native estuarine species, and nine were exotic species.
Contrary to expectation, no native diadromous freshwater species were excluded from sites
upstream from dams, but eels were less abundant upstream from dams. Exotic species were
uncommon both above and below dams and were only recorded in sampling after Hurricane
Maria. We speculated the storm may have washed exotics downstream from their usual inland
habitats, which was further supported in the January and June 2019 samplings where these
species were present in further upstream sites, but were uncommon in downstream sampling
areas. Dams almost completely excluded estuarine species from upstream habitats, however
dam removal helped increase the inland extension of their distribution further upstream.
Keywords: Dam Removal, Rivers, Fish Communities, Dams
103
Poster Presentation
P36
ORR Activity of Zinc Oxide Doped with Cobalt Ions at Different Loading
Concentrations
García Colón Á. 1; Santiago Berrios M. 1; Abruña H.2; Cabrera C.3; Martínez D.1
1University Ana G. Méndez - Cupey Campus
2Cornell University
agarcia373@email.suagm.edu
Nowadays, solar and fuel cells have become attractive devices to study, due to their high
efficiency to convert and generate clean energy. Another attractive characteristic is the formation
of bio-friendly products compared to those products that are formed by the combustion of fossil
fuels. Of the two main reactions involved in the fuel cell, the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
is the limiting component since the electrochemical reaction is irreversible. Therefore, to make
this reaction accessible the need of novel yet bio-friendly electro catalysts which is one of the
main interests of this research. However, commonly used catalysts for ORR have a high cost,
making researchers focus on finding new low-cost catalysts such as non-precious metal oxides.
Our research is interested in the ORR activity of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) doped with different materials.
ZnO is a transition-metal oxide and n-type semiconductor with a wurtzite crystal structure. It has
a high electron mobility, high thermal conductivity, wide and direct band gap, and a high exciting
binding energy. This makes it a very good material to study for the application in solar and fuel
cells. ZnO can be synthesize by various methods, becoming an interesting material for the
construction of an extensive range of devices such as solar cells, biosensors, pH sensors, fuel
cells, among others. In this project, ZnxCo1-xO nanoparticles were synthetized by a hydrothermal
synthesis. We conducted different characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD),
Photoelectrochemistry and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) on different samples of ZnO
doped with Cobalt (Co). The electronic properties of the band gap and the flat band potential of
dried and calcined samples were compared. The effect of the cobalt concentration was studied
(concentrations varied from 0.05 thru 0.09 % per weight) during the synthesis. Our group is part
of the PREM project: Center for Interfacial Electrochemistry of Energy Materials (CIE2M).
Keywords: Energy/Fuels Inorganic Chemistry Nano/ Materials
Keywords: Energy/Fuels Inorganic Chemistry Nano/ Materials
104
Poster Presentation
P37
Gold-Palladium Glucose test strip platforms: an alternative for
electrochemical detection of telomerase activity.
Colón-Quintana G. 1; Cabrera C.1 2; Díaz Ayala R.2
2BIDEA LLC.
guillermo.colon4@upr.edu
Cancer is one of the most diagnosed and dangerous diseases that affect the general population.
Most survival rates are dependent on the early detection and treatment of the disease. One
possible solution is the detection of the telomerase enzyme, whose main purpose is the
elongation of DNA chains in a majority of cancer types. Interdigital electrodes (IDE’s) have the
capacity to bridge this gap, as these can detect and quantify chemical species, all while having
compact and efficient designs. In this project, BIDEA’s electrochemical platforms were
electrochemically characterized and subsequently modified with ssDNA to be able to evaluate
IDE's by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Noting prior modification of the
electrode surface with ssDNA which contained nucleotide sequences that were then elongated
by telomerase activity at timed intervals. This to maximize the sensitivity and efficiency of
interactions between ssDNA chains and telomerase enzymes. These Electrochemical platforms
consist of a palladium base with a gold overlayer, having electrochemical characterizations be
influenced by both species. By which electrochemical cleanings at varying potentials change
surface characteristics, producing changes in composition and behavior that can affect
measurements. Having the electrochemical response of IDE’s be influenced by its composition,
morphology, and coverage with respect to the probe (ssDNA). This produced observable
lengthening of ssDNA chains that effectively correlate the coverage of surface modifications with
the sensitivity of telomerase detection by EIS. Results show differences in the IDEs surface
composition after electrochemical cleaning processes, with cleaning potentials of (0.6 to 1.5) V
producing promising results, generating gold active sites while limiting palladium interactions with
ssDNA. Subsequent analysis showed that different immobilization times generated differences in
coverage, as confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. These studies showed
higher sensitivity of measurements at higher DNA coverages over the electrode surface,
efficiently detecting the presence of telomerase activity on characterized Au/Pd interdigital
electrodes.
Keywords: Cancer, Biosensor, Electrochemistry
BIDEA LLC seeks to develop a pioneer product that will provide an innovative method for
screening of endometrial cancer - no similar products currently exist in the market place providing
quicker results (as compared to current methods) and reduced number
105
Poster Presentation
P38
Characterization of Photosynthetic Pigments by Leaf Age in Different
Functional Groups in a Coastal Urban Wetland: Cienaga Las Cucharillas,
Cataño, Puerto Rico.
Carmona Monge G. 1; Cuevas E. 1; Hernández E. 1
1University of Puerto Rico Rio - Piedras Campus
georgianna.carmona@upr.edu
Chlorophyll is a pigment thats present in terrestrial plants and its function is absorbing light which
provides energy that is used in the processes of photosynthesis and chemical energy. Presence
of heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium and arsenic, can affect the molecular and physiological
processes of plants, therefore it can affect the concentration of chlorophyll in the plant and the
production of photosynthesis. We wanted to determine how functional groups differ in their
responses to anthropogenic heavy metal pollution based on their chlorophyll pigment
concentration in different ages leaves. To carry out this study, we chose four sites where high
levels of Cd, Pb and As were reported in previous studies at the Ciénaga las Cucharillas, an urban
coastal palustrine/estuarine wetland located in the northern metropolitan area of Puerto Rico. At
each site, two species from different functional groups (trees, grasses, shrubs and ferns) were
identified and selected, for a total of eight species studied. Leaves of different maturity under full
sun exposure were collected from each species. Chlorophyll was extracted with 95% ethanol for
two hours and read using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis found similar Chl A values for
young leaves of Acrostichum aureum (2.20 mg/mL), and shrubs (2.09 mgl/L), and differences
from halophytic trees Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa (1.14 mg/mL & 1.10
mgl/l). In adult leaves of A. aureum Chl A values increased significantly (3.57 mg/mL) whereas
L.racemosa (1.27 mg/mL) and A. germinans (0.62 mg/mL) there’s not significant difference. In
old leaves, A. aureum values were significantly higher (2.17 mg/ml) than the rest of species (~0.37
mg/ml) Our results indicate that A. aureum is more tolerable to abiotic stress in the wetland in
comparison for the rest, maintaining higher levels of chlorophyll concentrations. Future studies
are focused on assessing temporal variation in chlorophyll and plant function.
Keywords: Chlorophyll, heavy metals, wetland
Entrepreneurial Projections
106
Poster Presentation
P39
Perovskite materials for electrochemical energy storage in hybridic
supercapacitors
Cruz E. 1; Zografos S. 1; Palai R. 1; Martínez R. 1; Cabrera C. 1
ricardo.martinez12@upr.edu
Perovskites have found use as electrodes, solid-state electrolytes and electroactive dielectrics for
energy storage systems such as supercapacitors. Supercapacitors are a category of electrical
condenser which are based on the properties of charge distribution on the interface of an
electrode-electrolyte solution. They can complement and even replace the batteries in electrical
energy storage applications. Currently, improvement in the performance of supercapacitors has
been achieved from the understanding of the charge storage mechanisms and the development
of advanced nanostructured materials. This work is devoted to the study and development of
novel electrochemical supercapacitors from the hybridization of electrochemical double layer
capacitors and electroactive perovskites. Activated carbon impregnated with conductive
La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 perovskite was synthetized to be used as electrode material, whilst high
dielectric and ferroelectric PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 and BaTiO3 perovskites were synthetized to be
used as electroactive media in assembled supercapacitors. A comparison of electrochemical
properties, impedance spectra and capacitance as a function of frequency as well as advantages,
disadvantages, and performance in several supercapacitors are discussed.
Keywords: Supercapacitor. electrochemical, electrolyte, perovskite, impedance and capacitance
Perovskites are a prominent category of materials with unique features such as a large surface
area, extensive porous structures, controlled transport and charge-carrier mobility, strong
absorption and photoluminescence, confinement effects, tunability in.
107
Poster Presentation
P40
Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of Graphene thin films for
dye sinthetized solar cells applications
Meléndez López G. 1; Túa-Ventura I. 1; Del Pilar J. 1; Santiago Berrios M. 1
1Universidad Ana G. Mendez - Cupey Campus
gmelendez61@email.suagm.edu
Carbon is the fourth more abundant element in the universe after hydrogen, helium and oxygen.
In addition, carbon exists in different allotropes, such as diamond, graphite and fullerene.
Graphite is an anisotropic material, which means that its properties, such as thermal and
electrical, vary according to the direction in which they are examined. If a single sheet of carbon
atoms is separated from graphite, we will obtain graphene. Graphene is a material that forms a
crystalline network with a sp2 hybridization with an atom wide thickness. In this project, graphene
oxide (GO) was obtained from graphite flakes by using a modified Hummer method. In the
Hummer method, the oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide is carried out by treating graphite in
a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate and potassium permanganate. In our
approach, the only difference is the replacement of sodium nitrate with phosphoric acid. The
prepared graphene was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. Preliminary results showed by FT-
IR spectroscopy an intense peak in 3400 cm-1 corresponding to O-H. This result confirms the
formation of GO. X-ray powder diffraction data confirms the formation of graphene oxide with a
diffraction peak (2 ) at 8.48 , which corresponds to the 002 diffraction plane. We constructed a
dye sensitized solar cell using zinc oxide as a photoanode, potassium permanganate 0.1M as an
electrolyte and a thin layer of graphene as the cathode. Also, the emphasis of the research is
graphene synthesis to replace carbon in the counter electrode for the synthesis to replace carbon
in the counter electrode for the synthesis of solar cells with dye. This poster presentation will
demonstrate preliminary results of the characterization techniques to determine the chemical
composition of the material.
Keywords: Energy/Solar cells, Nano/Material; Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry
108
Poster Presentation
P41
Characterization of Zinc Oxide-Lead oxide mixture thin film for dye solar
cells applications
Túa-Ventura I. 1; Meléndez López G. 1; Del Pilar J. 1; Santiago Berrios M. 1
1University Ana G. Méndez - Cupey Campus
itua1@email.suagm.edu
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a chemical compound of inorganic nature. Generally, pure ZnO is found as a
white powder and has a crystalline molecular structure, which can be hexagonal or cubic in shape.
It has good Ultraviolet light absorption capacity, which is attractive for dye synthesizes solar cells.
It has semiconductor properties with a wide direct band of 3.37 eV. Due to the semiconductor
properties that ZnO possesses, it is possible to apply it in the manufacture of solar panels. For
this purpose, we are using ZnO to improve the functionality of the dye synthesize of solar cells.
Our approach consists to synthesize ZnO doped with lead ions. For doping, lead acetate is used
as the starting doping agent, with the goal to use it as a dye in our dye sensitized solar cell. As
solar cells we use FTO (Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide) where this serves as an electrode and counter
electrode. Our preliminary results demonstrated by XRD shows diffraction peaks at 35.1°, 33.3°,
30.6° (100, 002, 101 diffraction planes), which are characteristic for the hexagonal wurtzite ZnO
structure. We prepared thin films of this mixture on an FTO using a DSSC environment and using
graphene oxide as the counter electrode. This poster presentation will present the preliminary
characterization results of different materials ranging from 1 thru 5% of lead oxide content. The
poster will present characterization results X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Diffuse Reflectivity
(RD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). The samples where
calcinated to compare each other and see which one was best to use in the application of solar
cells.
Keywords: Energy/Solar cells; Nano/Material; Inorganic Chemistry; Organic chemistry
109
Poster Presentation
P42
Characterization of a Microfluidic Platform for Gradient Signaling
Soto-Vargas J. 1; Franqui N. 1; Suarez L. 1; Domenech M. 1
john.soto2@upr.edu
Cell differentiation and chemotaxis are key mechanisms for cellular processes such as embryonic
development, and tumor extravasation and metastasis. Both mechanisms are regulated by the
formation of ligand gradients controlled by regulating the concentration and secretion of the
soluble form of key ligands. Several in vitro culture platforms have been developed for gradient-
based studies but only provide short-term gradients (< 24hrs) which limits evaluation of cell
behavior during long periods of time. To overcome this limitation, we developed and characterize
a microscale culture platform for generation of long-term gradients (> 5 days) for cellular studies.
The platform is made of layered polystyrene thin films arrange in a geometrical pattern that
resembles a funnel-shaped chamber interconnected with a culture vessel through a microfluidic
channel. The microfluidic channel is filled with agarose which acts as a barrier to limit the diffusion
of the proteins to the culture well. In order to validate the diffusion gradient over time, the diffusion
rate of BSA was evaluated at agarose concentrations (2% and 3%) with and without protein
replenishment and non-replenishment. First, the concentration was evaluated at 2, 4 and 8 hrs.
After every three days the concentration on the device was assessed absorbance measurements
for a total of 6 days. The results obtained indicate that the 2% agarose barrier enabled ~2-fold
increments in the concentration of BSA as compared to 3% agarose in the replenishment
condition. This indicates that diffusion rates are increased by decreasing the percentage of the
agarose. In the case of non-replenishment condition no difference was found between
membranes. Future experiments should be conducted to asses the signaling capabilities under
cellular behavior.
Keywords: Microfluidic culture platform, Gradient, Agarose
110
Poster Presentation
P43
Synthesis, characterization and size effect of capping agent on CoxMn1-xO
nanomaterials for Fuel Cells Applications.
Torres Negrón J. 1; García Colon Á. 1; Del Pilar J. 1; Santiago M. 1
1Universidad Ana G. Mendez - Recinto Cupey
jtorres719@email.suagm.edu
Fuel cells have become a very popular subject for investigation in application on harvesting
energy due to their high efficiency to turn and generate clean energy in comparison to
technologies that use fossil fuels. The main reaction in fuel cell technology is that involve the use
of electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). In other words, ORR have a high
cost, making researcher finding a new low-cost catalyst such as metal oxides. Manganese Oxide
(MnO), a transition metal oxide with a Hausmannite lattice, becoming an intriguing material to
work for its versatile application in the fields of absorbtions, catalysis, batteries and functional
materials. Our research focuses on finding the effect of the cobalt doping concentration and
particle size of CoxMn1-xO in ORR catalytic activity. We synthesized CoxMn1-xO at various
compositions (X=0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) using the hydrothermal approach from manganese
and cobalt salts. The effect of the synthesis before and after calcination and the effect of the
capping agent, succinic acid, was analyzed. The characterization performed by using X-ray
Diffraction demonstrated that CoxMn1-xO have a Hausmannite lattice with peaks at 31.50°(6),
35.20°(3), 37.30°(9), 43.60°(3), 50.10°(3),54.90°(18), 57.70°(7), 59.10°(4), 63.90°(2) which
correspond to the spinel structure of the material. Diffuse Reflectance pattern that the band gap
made with dope metal is 1.86 - 1.91eV suggesting that the spinel was indeed formed. This poster
presentation will present preliminary data of the characterization made of these materials.
Keywords: Energy/Fuels; Nano/Material; Inorganic Chemistry
111
Poster Presentation
P44
Human Capital in the Cell Therapies Manufacturing Global Value Chain
Encarnación J. 1; Amador-Dumois M. 1; Pedrosa P. 1; Hernández D. 1; Vélez D. 1
1University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez
jose.encarnacion1@upr.edu
The cell therapy manufacturing industry is a relatively new field that consists of new emerging
technologies. The thematic focus of this study is the area of CAR T cell therapy which is a type of
cancer immunotherapy that includes reprogramming a patient’s T cells. The process for this
therapy can be complicated, and therefore it is essential to understand the vital role of human
capital that play an important role in the development of the CAR T therapy (Juno Therapies,
n.d.). Human capital is a vital element of value creation and effectiveness in cell therapy
manufacturing. The global value chain (GVC), including the production of CAR t cells requires an
interdisciplinary team for the process to be successful. We have to identify which are the key
players which include the people who work in the hospital/clinic, shipping company, and the
biopharmaceutical manufacturing site. An understanding of the GVC key players gives us insight
into the different responsibilities of each of the people involved. The Cell Therapies Manufacturing
GVC parts are high-value activities which mean people with a high level of formal education since
the work that they do is highly specialized or regulated. Understanding and mapping the human
capital required at the different key industries of the cell therapy manufacturing GVC helps
companies, industry groups, and policymakers layout the educational and professional human
capital resources. The methodology uses document research and interviews. We will compare
GVC human capital educational requirements with Puerto Rico’s educational programs.
Keywords: Human capital, CAR T cell therapies, Global value chain, manufacturing
112
Poster Presentation
P45
Extraction of the Potential Anti- Cancer Peptide (VECYGPNRPQF) from
Chlorella vulgaris as a drug delivery system.
Vázquez L. 1; Díaz L. 1
luis.vazquez36@upr.edu
Microalgae are a group of eukaryotic organisms that live in freshwater or saline water. These
organisms have many purposes and currently they are being studied for biomedical purposes.
This research intends to grow Chlorella vulgaris to extract a peptide (VECYGPNRPQF) which has
anti-cancer properties. Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells
and can be spread to different parts the body through the blood. Gold nanoparticles will be used
as drug carriers for the antioxidant peptide found in Chlorella vulgaris. Also, spherical gold
nanoparticles (AuNPs) and gold nanoprisms (NPrs) are being synthesized to compare their
potential as drug carrier systems. The synthesis of AuNPs was carried out by adding sodium
citrate to a boiling 1 mM gold solution. On the other hand, NPrs were synthesized using two
method. The first utilizes cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a cationic surfactant
system, while the other involves sodium thiosulfate as a reducing agent. To make sure that the
gold nanoprisms are forming, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as SEM-EDS, and gel
electrophoresis analysis are being done. Moreover, an ABTS assay was done to determine the
antioxidant potential for both forms of gold nanoparticles. The current work demonstrates the
formation of AuNPs and it’s expected to also show the formation of NPrs.
Keywords: microalgae, gold nanoparticles, drug delivery, peptide
We are using a peptide found in a microalgae as a potential means of treating cancer. This
treatment has low cost and great benefits to human health.
113
Poster Presentation
P46
Detection of Fecal Enterococci in Coastal Water Frequented by Bathers and
Antibiotics Susceptibility
Vázquez-Badillo G. 1; Álvarez-Pérez O. 1; Delgado-Ruiz L.1
1InterAmerican University of Puerto Rico - Aguadilla Campus
gava7809@agu.inter.edu
Fecal contamination in recreational waters is a significant public health concern because fecal
matter from different sources can introduce different pathogens. The Environmental Protection
Agency has established regulations based on the detection and quantification of enterococci as
an indicator of fecal contamination to maintain water quality in beaches and estuaries. Enterococci
are members of the intestinal microbial community of animals (including the human species) and
are considered opportunistic pathogens that cause disease. Enterococcus faecalis is classified
as a causative agent of nosocomial infections that include urinary tract infections, endocarditis,
bacteremia, abdominal and pelvic infections. There has been a growing concern about the
antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of these microorganisms. The objective of this research is the
quantification of enterococci in coastal waters of the northwestern region of Puerto Rico impacted
by anthropogenic activity and the detection of class 1 integron-integrase genes (intl1). These
genes play a major role in the dissemination of ARGs; therefore, it is important to understand their
presence in the environment. Our hypothesis establishes that coastal environments impacted by
anthropogenic activities represent a reservoir for fecal contamination and ARGs. The
quantification of enterococci was performed using the membrane filtration technique and the m-
Enterococcus (mE) agar culture medium. The isolates were confirmed using bile esculin and 6.5%
NaCl agar. To measure antibiotic susceptibility, the Kirby-Bauer test was implemented using
chloramphenicol and penicillin disks. The optimization of class 1 integron-integrase genes
detection was performed using specific primers for the amplification of intI1 region. We detected
fecal enterococci in water samples from frequented beaches in the northwestern coast of Puerto
Rico, some isolates showed resistance to antibiotics. These isolates were cultured for the
detection of intl1. Our preliminary results showed that coastal waters impacted by sewage,
agricultural practices and water runoff represent an environment for the dissemination of fecal
enterococci and the transfer of ARGs.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance Genes, Integrons, Microbial Fecal Pollution
114
Poster Presentation
P47
Financial Trends in the Cell Therapies Manufacturing Global Value Chain
Hernandez Barrios D. 1; Pedrosa P. 1; Encarnación J. 1; Amador M. 1; Vélez D. 1
1UPRM
dereck.hernandez1@upr.edu
Cell Therapy Manufacturing faces financial challenges distinctive to emerging and highly
innovative industries. At first, this industry was not viewed with the same type of optimism as it is
considered today. In fact, before 2010 it was seen as a riskier investment which meant significant
hesitation from investors (Rao, 2011). Factors contributing were increasing drug development
prices, a government facing rising healthcare, and payer’s unwillingness to shoulder high costs.
Cell Therapy Manufacturing and Biopharmaceuticals have come a long way. Companies, such
as Kite Pharma, which is located in California, are a perfect example of how the industry has
developed. The study methodology was document research and interviews. The current results
show that Biopharmaceuticals financial challenges include how to finance their operations and
research and development. Among the most common options are debt, equity or subsidy. Many
of these companies, especially small ones, opt for capital from investors, which has seen a lot of
growth lately (Market Watch, 2018). Investment in this industry continuously increased from 2012
until 2015, although they suffered a minor decline in financing in 2016. Still, it has never posted
two consecutive years of financing decline in nearly two decades. Although Biopharmaceuticals
and Cell Therapy Manufacturing has come a long way, it still has a lot of room to grow, finding
new possibilities in this market, and a way to make it more financially accessible for the
community.
Keywords: Cell Therapies Manufacturing, Finance, Financial Trends
The goal with this project is to find ways to implement the Cell Therapies Manufacturing market
in Puerto Rico and find financing models that would make these treatments more accessible to
the people in need of it.
115
Poster Presentation
P48
ACS medicinal chemistry division; promoting a healthy society through
chemistry
Rosa Zayas J. 1; Cruz M. 1; Rodríguez J. 1; Ferrer E. 1
1Interamerican
University of Puerto Rico, Ponce Campus,
ACS Inter Ponce Chapter has established this year a Medicinal Chemistry Division. The main
goal of Medicinal Chemistry Division is to cover the interests of our membership by promoting the
application of the chemistry in the medicinal field by giving information of the discoveries of the
new drugs and treatments to treat diseases such as cancer. To promote our division and recruit
new members, we perform different activities such as orientations on breast cancer, its symptoms
and treatments in our campus. The Medicinal Chemistry Division collaborated during the
Chemistry Week in “El Paseo de la Princesa” in San Juan and in many schools by giving
demonstrations of our new division. Another activity was “Relevo por la Vida” in where we joined
as staff to raise funds for cancer patients, joined patients who survived the disease, and remember
those who lost the fight. Also, our division perform workshops to promote chemistry in a creative
way by applying medicine, where several topics will be covered on what Medicinal Chemistry is
and its related areas, cancer investigations and Down’s syndrome. The professional development
of our members is another important detail that we will be working on by bringing in professionals
that gives talks to our students about their experience in their fields. We worked on a health fair
with the objective of providing diversity of tests and talks of different diseases and how to prevent
them to our community. Even though the division was created recently, we have greatly influenced
our institutional community by increasing our chapter membership and awaken their interest to
reach graduate schools.
Keywords: chemical education, human resources, pharmacology
116
Poster Presentation
P49
San Germán Chapter: Chemical Resilience in Action
Vargas S. 1; López F. 1; Martínez G. 1; Quintana A. 1; García E. 1
1Inter American University - San Germán Campus
smvp1309@gmail.com
Our fall semester of 2017 was full of surprises, challenges and changes. Hurricane Maria had a
great impact for all of Puerto Rico, and our student chapter was not the exception. Despite all the
circumstances, we managed to get up and contribute to the island’s recovery. In the beginning, it
was difficult because each one of us had their own preoccupations at home, but that did not stop
us. We performed many non-profit activities that showed empathy with our community and our
peers. We even gathered the funding to support the trip of ten students to the ACS meeting in
New Orleans. Although it was a difficult time, the chapter collaborated actively both with the
people within the chapter and provided services and help outside of it. We grew as a team, as
friends and as family. We learned to be, even more, perseverant, empathetic and helpful, making
us better professionals and individuals.
Keywords:
117
Poster Presentation
P50
Selecting important variables using a novel thresholding approach for pan
cancer analysis
Kaufman-Ortiz, K. 1; Torres-García W. 1
1Universityof Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
kevin.kaufman@upr.edu
Numerous breakthroughs in the study of cancer have been achieved and it is now widely
recognized that cancer is a genetic disease. Even though important discoveries have been made
in prevention and treatment of different cancer subtypes, many of the molecular mechanisms
underlying this disease are unknown creating a gap to achieve the cure. OMICS datasets (i.e.
genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics) are being generated at accelerated rate and becoming
more reliable with the advances in nanotechnology, offering an immense amount of data to be
studied efficiently in the aims of answering many unknowns in the area of fundamental biology
research and health informatics. It is becoming clear that these datasets are highly heterogeneous
and useful data mining techniques together with statistical sound procedures are needed to reveal
and clarify the molecular drivers of cancer. The objective in this project is to create a methodology
that can extract undiscovered connections and patterns that are relevant to understand the
initialization and progression of cancer at the molecular level. We have created a feature-selection
model that effectively integrates large amounts of data to learn distinct and common profiles
across different cancer types that are part of a field commonly known as pan-cancer analysis.
This pan cancer perspective will provide a comprehensive set of molecular patterns that are
distinctive to each type of cancer. These patterns will be learned from The Cancer Genome Atlas
(TCGA) data repository which is a comprehensive platform of molecular data gathered through
consistent and coherent protocols reducing factors of variability due to experimentation
procedures. A single initial run of our model on one scoring method gives 87.12% accuracy while
using a method explored in another paper gives only 42.43% allowing further researching on the
validity of this method. Other publicly available datasets would be explored for validation
purposes.
Keywords: Pan-Cancer, Data Mining, Biostatistics
118
Poster Presentation
P51
Development of protein-based drug delivery system nanoparticles for
cancer therapy
Velazquez Rodriguez K. 1; Mederos Rocha N. 1; Molina V. 1; Delgado Y. 1; Torres Z.2
1San Juan Bautista School of Medicine
2University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus
kimberlyv@sanjuanbautista.edu
In biomedical applications, the use of proteins as drug carriers, or as therapeutic agents has had
a great impact on the development of Drug delivery system nanoparticles (DDS NPs) due to their
high biocompatibility and low systemic toxicity after systemic administration. Working this way,
the aim of this research project is the development of protein-based DDS NPs using bovine serum
albumin (BSA) as the drug's carrier. Thus, we selected as drugs a group of structurally different
molecules, ie, cisplatin (CisPt), curcumin (Curc), deferasirox, (Def) and betulinic acid (BeA) to
generate a variety of intercalation patterns. In our method, heat and ultra- sonication were used
to induce partial unfolding of the BSA, to promote a nanoparticle rearrangement and intercalation
of the drug moieties into the carrier. The DDS developed include: BSA-CisPt, BSA-BeA, BSA-
Curc, BSA-Def. To characterize the ratio of the conjugation of these DDS, colorimetric assays
were performed. For viability assays, each DDS was incubated for 24h with cancer cells (A549).
BSA-Curc, BSA-Def and BSA-BeA DDS demonstrated excellent cytotoxic patterns against A549
cells. DDS’ size was determined using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy
techniques. Complete results of the conjugation ratios, NP sizes and cytotoxic effect of the DDS
will be presented.
Keywords: nanoparticles,cancer, cancer therapy
119
Poster Presentation
P52
ACS Inter ponce; A review of our journey
Rodríguez J. 1; Félix T. 1; Colón Itihier L. 1; Febús A. 1; Ferrer Torres E. 1
1Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico - Recinto de Ponce
It’s impossible to talk about success and not think of our journey as a student chapter and as a
family at the Interamerican University in Ponce Puerto Rico. It’s important for us to share our
knowledge with students so that they can have a solid base in their education, that’s why school
visits make a big part of our mission. Scientific demonstrations play an important role so that the
students get a quality education for their future, in a fun and creative way. This is a big year for
us, one of our main goals has finally been accomplished. That goal is that after years of hard work
our university has decided to start a chemistry major this coming year and we couldn’t be more
excited. As a student chapter of the ACS it was a little troublesome to get people to join us when
there was no chemistry program, and that is why our divisions were created. Four divisions where
born; medicinal, green, forensic and food chemistry. Helping the ones that need it the most plays
a big part in our everyday life as a student chapter. We took part in multiple events like the festival
of chemistry, the celebration of chemistry week, our members initiation ceremony and the senior
technical meeting where some of our members presented their research. To help our members
with their professional development we provide workshops of how to enter graduate schools and
how to make a curriculum. We don’t believe in monotony, but greatly believe in innovation. Finally,
we are going to keep pushing forward and give it all for the better of our association and to prove
that we are still eager to keep on going and finish our dreams.
Keywords: chemical education, human resources,innovations
120
Poster Presentation
P53
Detection of Siderophore Producing Bacteria using culture Dependent and
Independent Techniques
Rodríguez Anavitate M. 1; Rios-Velazquez C.1
1University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
miguel.rodriguez42@upr.edu
Asbestos was a mineral for construction work due to properties such as fire resistance, insulation
and cheap cost. Unfortunately, lung diseases such as mesothelioma have been linked to
inhalation of asbestos fibers. The iron in asbestos’ composition is responsible for the toxicity due
to free radicals’ formation. Many buildings still have asbestos, and a geomicrobiological solution
to this problem has been proposed. Siderophores are small chelating molecules produced by
microorganisms capable of capturing iron in iron deficient soils. The focus of this research is to
isolate and characterize siderophore-producing bacteria using culture dependent and
independent techniques. Siderophore producing bioprospects (SPB) have been identified using
Blue CAS agar which turns from blue to orange in presence of siderophores. To isolate the SPB,
serial dilutions until 10-6 were performed to three soil samples from the west side of Puerto Rico
and spread on CAS agar. After incubation for 72hrs at 37oC, the colonies showing an orange
halo were isolated to further microbiological and molecular characterization. This technique was
also used to screen metagenomic libraries from dry forest, snails and microbial mats. The CAS
agar test combined with determination of UFC/g showed that the samples ranged from UFC/g
(where 9% SPB), to UFC/g and UFC/g (where both showed 100% SBP). No metagenomic clone
has shown more siderophore production than the control (isogenic strains with pC1FOS without
insert). Work is in progress to quantify the siderophore production using spectrophotometry and
measuring the bioprospects iron removal ability utilizing an asbestos simulant.
Keywords: Siderophores, Asbestos, geomicrobiology, Metagenomics
121
Poster Presentation
P54
Expression and Isolation of 6xHis-Tagged rFAP1(s) using Immobilized
Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC)
Hernández-Hernández C. 1; Parés-Matos E. 1
1University
of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez Campus
cristina3hh@live.com
FAP1 is a cytoplasmic protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae named for its association with
FKBP12, one of four members of the immunophilin FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) superfamily,
said to be involved in protein folding. FAP1 has been found to confer resistance against the
immunosuppressive, anticancer drug, Rapamycin. The action played by Ramapycin is because it
competes for the FKBP12’s binding site in a mutually exclusive interaction. The
FKBP12:Rapamycin dimeric complex inhibits the TOR1 and TOR2 gene products which are part
of TORC1, thus affecting the regulation of cell growth and stress-responsive transcription factors.
Due to its homology with human transcription factor NF-X1, and its rapamycin-induced nuclear
translocation, we hypothesized that FAP1 could also function as a transcription factor in yeast.
However, aside from its cytoplasmic position and affinity for FKBP12, little is known about its
mode of action. Considering this protein’s mysterious nature, rFAP1 (short) had been expressed
and isolated to study its interactions with other proteins. For this purpose, a 6xHis tag will be
cloned in-frame to pET21aLIC:FAP1(s), a recombinant vector made previously, and then, to
express it in the E. coli strain BL-21C43(DE3)pLysS+. Afterward, the recombinant fusion protein
will be isolated through IMAC (Ni-NTA) prior to generating an in-house antibody for further studies.
Keywords: rFAP1; S. cerevisiae; IMAC; pET21a-LIC:FAP1(s); BL-21C43(DE3)pLysS+
122
Poster Presentation
P55
Determination of heavy metals in distinct ecological matrix of the biotopes
near the “Cavernas del Rio de Camuy” National Park
Torres Ayende J. 1; Velazquez Quintana J. 1; Ramos M.; Soto L. 1
1University of Puerto Rico - Arecibo Campus
jose.torres93@upr.edu
Heavy metals are generally defined as a group of chemical elements, commonly associated to
the transition metals that are characterized by their high atomic weight, by having a specific gravity
greater than 4.0, and a density greater than 5 g/cm3. One of the most important characteristics
of heavy metal is that it exhibits the potential for toxicity when it accumulates in living tissue.
Heavy metals are relatively rare natural components in the earth's crust and are naturally
introduced to the environment by geochemical activities; however, almost all human activities
have the potential to introduce heavy metals into the environment through industrial waste. Since
heavy metals cannot be degraded, they have the potential for bioaccumulation in distinct trophic
levels in a food chain, which affects the overall health of the ecological region. In this research,
the presence and abundance of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, and nickel in water
bodies, sediment samples and flora present in the biotopes from the “Cavernas del Rio Camu y”
National Park were evaluated. This project is part of the research initiatives that constitute the
Cooperation Agreement between UPR-Arecibo, UPR-Aguadilla and the Department of
Recreation and Sports of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for the scientific, academic and
educational use of the National Park, Tanamá River. The sediment and collected water samples
were treated in the laboratory following EPA Methods 3050B and 200.2, respectively. Samples of
plant tissue were digested using open-beaker acid treatment. Analyses will be carried out by
means of a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Plants of interest include Tradescantia zebrina,
Pteridium aquilinum, and Usnea barbata. The results of this study will allow a better understanding
of the environmental quality of the studied ecosystem and can help in future management
measures specifically aimed at tracking pollution and contamination by metals in the cave system.
Keywords: Heavy Metal, Environmental Toxicology, Spectrometry
123
Poster Presentation
P56
Characterization of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A (ALDH1A) inhibitors for
cancer treatment
Garcia-Torres K. 1; Huddle B.2; Hurely T.3; Takahashi C.2; Chtcherbinine M.2
1Inter American University, San Germán Puerto Rico
2Indiana University School of Medicine - College of Pharmacy
University of Michigan
3College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan
kenishagarcia97@gmail.com
Recently, the role of human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isoenzymes has been a subject of
interest as they play key roles in both healthy and disease conditions. The human ALDH
superfamily consists of 19 isoenzymes that are responsible for the metabolism of aldehydes. The
ALDH1A subfamily, in particular, metabolizes retinaldehyde and is involved in the regulation of
important processes including cell differentiation, proliferation and cell death. ALDH1A
isoenzymes have been implicated as key contributors to cancer outcomes. ALDH1A activity is
used as a marker for cancer stem cells. In accordance with this, high ALDH1A activity correlates
with reduced survival, increased chemo-resistance and increased chance of relapse in several
solid cancer types, including breast and ovarian. Despite the clear importance of ALDH1A
enzymes in cancer, the exact roles of these enzymes are unclear. ALDH1A subfamily inhibitors
may help uncover the contributions of individual isoenzymes in healthy and disease conditions.
This study focused on developing structure-activity relationships for ALDH1A inhibitors, based on
our initial hit compound, CM10, using enzyme kinetics assays, structural biology and cell culture
experiments. We performed an initial screening assay against the 1A isoenzymes and followed
it up with EC50 determination. The screening results showed that the CM10 analogs inhibited
effectively ALDH1A activity. These findings are consistent with prior survey of compounds from
this same chemical series and extend the findings into novel chemical entities. The development
of these ALDH1A inhibitors are leads toward potential treatments that could improve of patient
outcomes for solid tumors that develop resistance to standard therapies.
Keywords: Aldehyde dehydrogenase
124
Poster Presentation
P57
Making Commercialization for the Cell Manufacturing Industry More
Accessible to Innovators
Rivera D. 1; Zapata M. 1; Ruiz I. 1; Hernádez M. 1; Alicea N. 1
1University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez
diego.rivera9@upr.edu
Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT) purpose is to provide cell therapy as an affordable and
accessible treatment for cancer and degenerative diseases. The research grant funded by the
National Science Foundation (NSF) helps improve and accelerate the cell manufacturing industry.
The CMaT Innovation Ecosystem at UPRM is researching and gathering data of various
commercialization models that can be applied for the cell manufacturing industry, more
specifically the biopharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The team has identified over five
different commercialization models which are all being analyzed for its opportunities and
limitations within the industries of concern for this research. Some of the models this investigation
is analyzing are Linear (Push), Chain Link, Ladder, Lean and Allen. At this point, the Lean
Commercialization and Allen’s Model of commercialization appear to be the most relevant for
CMaT Innovators. The Lean and Allen models have been used successfully in the biopharma
industry. The research team has verified the Small Business Innovation Research/ Small
Business Transfer (SBIR/STTR) guides for its implementation with our recommended model for
commercialization. Our poster will present the impacts of commercialization models identified, the
economic value and how they can be implemented it in a start-up business versus a large
company. After analyzing various commercialization models, our conclusion is that Lean and
Allens models are a good fit for CMaT, but future research is needed to choose between models.
Keywords: Cell Manufacturing, Commercialization Models, Innovators
125
Poster Presentation
P58
Anti-doping method using nanoparticles for sport drugs detection
Colón Ithier L. 1; Rosa Zayas J. 1; Ferrer Torres E. 1
1Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, Ponce Campus
The biggest problems with athletes is the misuse and over use of multiples drugs, shortening their
lives and finally taken them completely all because of the abuse of these drugs. Our work is
focused in the development of new anti-doping methods using the advantages of nanotechnology
to improve the time and the sensitivity for drug testing. Formation of the nanoparticles was
achieved by the reduction of AgNO3 with NaBH4 and HAuCl4, and adding sodium citrate and
polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this research, we study the interactions with caffeine and Human
Growth Hormone (HGH) with different size of silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles.
Characterization of these nanoparticles was performed using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy
and Diffracted Light Scattering (DLS). We also continued with a microscopic analysis to study the
effect of these nanoparticles in the form and size of the drug crystals. Caffeine and Human Growth
Hormone (HGH) were used for interaction with Au, Ag and Ag/Au nanoparticles. Three sizes were
obtained for Au nanoparticles; 23,32, 42, 47 and 87 nm. For Ag nanoparticles 25 and 40 nm.
Interaction of caffeine and HGH with Au nanoparticles results in a blue shift of a few nanometers.
Therefore, the present study indicates that the combination of the nanoparticles with the selected
drugs may be applicable as a new anti-doping method.
Keywords: forensic chemistry, nano materials. toxicology
126
Poster Presentation
P59
Nitrogen Limitation and Evolution of Swimming Motility in Aflagellate
Mutant Strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25
Altamirano A. 1
1University of Reading
(United Kingdom)
astridaltamirano@usa.net
Results: As predicted, swimming motility of the sessile strains, AR1 and AR2, evolved later with
ammonium as N-source (mean = 5.53 days, SD = 0.61 days, n = 19) compared to glutamine
(mean =2.88 days, SD = 0.89 days, n = 17) or glutamate (mean = 2.94 days, SD = 0.80 days, n
= 17). Notably, SBW25ΔfleQ which spreads with spidery-like tendrils over the surface of the agar
also evolved swimming motility. Irrespective of parent strain or N-source all evolved mutants had
acquired a mutation in NtrB, primarily T97P within the PAS domain, or a D228A/N mutation.
Possession of an unrelated mutation in a predicted ammonium transporter PFLU_RS08590,
correlated with improved growth on ammonium and deserves further investigation. Conclusions:
Mutation in NtrB is the primary evolutionary pathway for re-establishment of swimming motility in
P. fluorescens ΔfleQ strains irrespective of nitrogen status. Delayed recovery of these mutants
from ammonium/glucose plates may be due to a combination of low transcription of ntrBC and
uncontrolled assimilation of ammonia due to dysregulation of the Ntr regulon. Details of the
mechanism by which mutated NtrBC compensates for loss of the FleQ regulator remain to be fully
elucidated and will provide a fuller picture of the evolution pathway. Understanding details of
crosstalk between these critical regulons, flagella regulon, and the Ntr system are likely to
enhance understanding of the ecology of this important rhizosphere associated bacterium and
may have downstream implications in the application of P. fluorescens as biopesticide or
biofertiliser.
Keywords: FleQ, Master flagella regulator, Ntr, Nitrogen limitation, poor nitrogen sources, flagella,
rich nitrogen sources, Pseudomonas
127
Poster Presentation
P60
Morphological studies of zirconium phosphate nanoparticles as support for
Co(II) and Ni(II) catalysts for the OER and ORR
La Luz-Rivera K. 1; Ramos M. 1; Sánchez J.2; Colón J. 1; Jaramillo T.2
1University of Puerto Rico Rio - Piedras Campus
2Stanford University
kalery.la@upr.edu
Hydrogen has the potential to substitute current methods of energy production which are based
on fossil fuels. One way to produce hydrogen is by water electrolysis using the sun as the energy
source. Devices that run this process suffer from overpotential losses in the oxidative half of
electrolysis, known as the oxygen evolution reaction. To improve the efficiency of these devices,
the energetic loses must be addressed by designing improved electrocatalysts. One general
strategy is to support active materials onto supports that engender improve performance. For this
reaction, zirconium phosphate (ZrP) has proven to be a catalyst support for transition metals. ZrP
nanoparticles used for studies on this reaction are hexagonal shaped. In this study, ZrP rods,
cubes and spheres were synthetized and used as support for Co(II) and Ni(II) cations. Their
structure and activities were analyzed and compared with those of the hexagonal morphology.
The materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder
diffraction to confirm that the desired morphologies were achieved. The activity was assessed
with cyclic voltammetry and the obtained overpotentials were similar between all the materials,
fluctuating from 0.490-0.592 V. Chronopotentiometry was used to measure the stability of the
materials. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) studies were also performed to see if these materials
are bifunctional. However, it showed to be active at the half-way potential of the commercial Pt
catalyst, which means they work for the two-electron process of the ORR producing hydrogen
peroxide as product.
Keywords: Electrochemistry, Catalyst, Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), Water Splitting,

Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
128
Poster Presentation
P61
Detailed Mapping of the Existing Pharma/Biotechnology Industry in Puerto
Rico
Matos G. 1; Hernández Rovira M. 1; Cordero J. 1; Sierra T. 1; Bonilla L.1; De Hoyos M. 1
1University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez
moraima.dehoyos1@upr.edu
Cell-based therapeutics have the potential to present the scientific and medical communities with
the ability to treat life-threatening diseases with high precision and relative ease. As such, these
therapies have received plenty of attention from companies interested in mass producing and
delivering them to the public. Due to the novelty of cell-based therapeutics, production efforts are
currently confined to a limited number of facilities, and companies are in the process of expanding
to other locations. As part of the CMaT Business Administration division’s work, Puerto Rico’s
potential to become a hub for the development and manufacture of cell-based therapeutics was
studied. Key stakeholders in the island’s Biotech and Pharma industries, which include
manufacturers, organizations, higher education entities, suppliers, service providers and the
government, have been analyzed using a combination of secondary sources such as peer-
reviewed articles and government reports and exploratory interviews. Of the 30 manufacturing
companies established in Puerto Rico, five have been identified to be working with large
molecules and nineteen are known to have some involvement in the CMaT industry worldwide.
Furthermore, over 33 universities throughout the island have been identified that offer degrees in
the sciences and engineering majors that are relevant to the industry, and there are more than 86
suppliers of raw materials, equipment and supporting services. Finally, there are currently three
accredited institutions that may be able to provide these therapies to patients, as well as over 25
incentives for economic development provided by the government. In the near future, various
stakeholders of the biotech and pharmaceutical industries interviewed in depth to have a better
view of how CMaT can leverage the current state of the industry to allow Puerto Rico to play a
central role in the development and deployment of cell-based therapies.
Keywords: Cell Manufacturing, GVC, Stakeholders mapping
129
Poster Presentation
P62
ACS Inter Metro Developing Scientific Leaders Through Chemistry
Flores-García S. 1; Parga-Rivera K. 1; Raucci L. 1; Torres J. 1; Peña P. 1
1Inter American University of Puerto Rico - Metropolitan Campus
kparga@intermetro.edu
The mission of the ACS Student Chapter at Inter American University of Puerto Rico -
Metropolitan Campus is for its members to participate in a wide range of activities that enhance
their college experience and prepare them for successful careers, while helping our society. This
is being achieved through various activities, such as our newly incorporated sustainable
development events, being held in events such as NCW, to engage junior high & high school level
students to study chemistry in college; a multi-tiered Chemistry Olympiad, to enhance
undergraduate chemistry knowledge and skills; workshops to jumpstart the early career
development of our members; community service, to contribute chemistry knowledge to our
society. Our highlights will be shown.
Keywords: development, service, skills
130
Poster Presentation
P63
A Study of the Electrical Properties of V3O5 Thin Films Grown By
Magnetron Sputtering
Lozano-Arroyo M. 1; Rua A. 1; Lysenko S. 1; Fernández F. 1; Camino F. 1
2Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY
manuel.lozano@upr.edu
Most vanadium oxides exhibit a Metal Insulator Transition (MIT) at some critical temperature,
including variations in electrical and optical properties. V3O5 exhibits MIT at 430 K, the highest
known temperature value among all vanadium oxides. This relatively high transition temperature
makes V3O5 valuable in complementary metal–oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices, since this
higher junction temperature will produce less unintended thermal switching. However, even a
small deviation from exact stoichiometry can change the electrical properties of the thin films. In
this work V3O5 thin films were deposited directly on glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering,
with subsequent thermal treatments. The layers were characterized by electrical resistivity and
Raman spectroscopy as a function of temperature, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force
microscopy (AFM). XRD scans were preferentially oriented in the (2 ̅02) direction after heat
treatments. AFM studies show the grains structure is uniform. The Raman Scattering studies from
room temperature to 500 K show significant changes of frequencies in the vicinity of the metal–
insulator transition.
Keywords: Thin Films, Metal-Insulator Transition, Electrical properties
131
Poster Presentation
P64
Transfer and Reactivity of Hydrogen Sulfide with Immobilized
Hemeproteins in Collagen Matrix
Vargas Santiago J. 1; López Garriga J. 1
jennifer.vargas2@upr.edu
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been transformed from a toxic gas, with a characteristic smell of rotten
eggs, to a crucial signaling molecule with important physiological function, such as regulation of
blood pressure, muscle relaxation, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, tumor suppressor, among
others. H2S dissolution is accompanied by the formation of HS- (pKa=7.04) and S2- (pKa=11.96).
At pH 7.4, the total sulfide exists at approximately 18.5% H2S and 81.5% HS-. Currently, it is
unknown which of the two species has the biological effect; the H2S or the derived species. For
this reason, it is a challenge to develop a robust sensor and/or biomarkers that quantify free or
bound H2S, making it difficult to determine physiological concentrations causing inconsistencies
in the literature. Hemoglobin I (HbI), found in the mollusk Lucina pectinata, is known for the
extraordinary affinity with H2S. The goal of this project is to create a transparent matrix where HbI
can be immobilized into and over a biocompatible environment to scavenge and quantify H2S.
Therefore, this work proposes to investigate the transfer of hydrogen sulfide in a biological system
with HbI, and to extend the results obtained so far, to further understand its reaction with other
proteins. These issues will be addressed through the following specific aims: (1) To encapsulate
HbI-H2O (metHbI) inside collagen scaffold by electrochemical method, (2) To study the reaction
between H2S and metHbI encapsulated in collagen, (3) To immobilize HbI on collagen layer, and
(4) To study the reaction between H2S and metHbI encapsulated onto collagen.
Keywords: biomedical, biochemistry, macromolecules
The achievement of the aims will provide a characterized polymer matrix to scavenge and quantify
H2S in biological sample. The existing knowledge in large-scale production of recombinant HbI is
an advantage. This will lead to the creation of innovative high-throughput, which consists of
multiple recombinant HbI spots on a collagen surface and are placed on vials where each spot
matched over an individual vial. The polymer is translucent; hence, the protein spots will be
analyzed by spectroscopy allowing the H2S quantification for Beer-Lambert Law. Unlike other
biosensors that require placing the sensor in the solution, this do not disturb the system.
Moreover, this technique will allow multiple reaction simultaneously and require small amount of
sample, facilitating the study with H2S. It will expand the knowledge about the function of H2S in
the human being and how its level (low or high) are changed in people with Parkinson disease,
Alzheimer disease, diabetes and another syndromes currently affecting a worldwide population.
132
Poster Presentation
P65
Microscopy Study of Cu-Doped Tin Oxide Nanostructures
Castro M. 1; Cremades A. 1; Torres D. 1 2; Maestre D.2
1InterAmerican University of Puerto Rico - Bayamon Campus
2Universidad Complutense de Madrid
ditorres@bayamon.inter.edu
Copper based oxides belong to the family of p-type wide band gap semiconductor oxides,
demonstrating potential applicability in electrochemical capacitors, alkaline batteries, smart
windows and gas sensing. They are commonly synthesized in form of nanoparticles, ceramic or
thin films by sol-gel, electro-spinning or hydrothermal methods, and less has been done in the
fabrication of micro- and nanostructures with elongated morphology such as nanowires, so far.
Morphology engineering can lead to optimize most of these applications by reducing the size and
selecting proper shapes. Alternatively, doping is an additional parameter, which can induce
property improvements and originate new applications. A catalyst free vapor-solid method, using
commercial Cu powders of 99% purity was used as starting material. The powder was pressed to
form pellets, which were annealed at 700 °C under controlled argon flow for 10 h. The Cu
precursor powder was mixed and milled using different amounts of Sn initial mixture. Surface
reconstruction and texturing of the precursor pellet is achieved for some of the samples, and for
other amount of mixture elongated nanostructures with different kind of morphologies grew on the
doped pellet surface, which acts simultaneously as the source of the precursor material and as a
substrate. Studies of the morphology and characterization of the as grown nanostructures with
SEM, EDS, CL and Raman in a confocal microscope were performed. Sn doping not only induces
the growing of nanostructures, but also induces changes in morphology, size and the Raman and
CL signals. [1] Maestre, D.; Cremades, A.; Piqueras, J.; J. Appl. Phys. 2004, 95, pp 3027. [2]
García-Tecedor, M.; Maestre, D.; Cremades, A.; Piqueras, J.; J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120 (47),
pp 26720.
Keywords: semiconductor, nanoparticle, copper oxide
133
Poster Presentation
P66
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSN) as a delivery system of anti-cancer
drugs; a comparative study of synthesis and drug loading
Garcia-Gonzalez P. 1; Maldonado M. 1; Ferrer-Torres E. 1
1Interamerican
University of Puerto Rico, Ponce Campus
Interest in research of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) is growing due its biomedical
applications, drug delivery capabilities, pore sizes and surface characteristics. In this research,
we report the synthesis and characterization of colloidal MSN and MSN crystals with drug delivery
capabilities. The particles were characterized by performing FT - IR spectroscopy, Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), Diffracted Light Scattering (DLS) and Uv-Vis spectroscopy. In
addition, drug encapsulation and loading capacity were studied by the addition of curcumin
solutions at two different concentrations and three different volumes (small, medium and large
quantities). Results shows that encapsulation of values for medium volumes varies from a 10%
at two hours to a maximum encapsulation of 98 % at 48 hours. A comparison of small, medium
and large volumes were evaluated at 12 hours and 24 hours. The results shows a 63%, 30%,
41% encapsulation at 12 hours and 100%, 68 %, 66% at 24 hours respectively. The IR bands
shows a successful encapsulation of the curcumin by the silica crystals. More studies will be
performed to evaluate others drugs encapsulation and drug release capabilities.
Keywords: nano materials, biomedical, biochemistry
134
Poster Presentation
P67
Unraveling Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) Metabolizing Activities by
Functional Metagenomics.
Sotomayor R. 1; Rios-Velazquez C.1
Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez
Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez
roberto.sotomayor@upr.edu
Nε-Carboxymethyl-Lysine (CML) is an advanced glycation end-product generated by human

metabolism where, its accumulation has been associated with aging related diseases such as
atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy, among others. Medical bioremediation, an enzyme-
mediated-catabolism procedure, has been proposed to reduce the accumulation of CML in the
body. However, catalytic molecules capable of selectively degrading CML have not been widely
documented. Thus, the aim of this project is to unravel novel enzymes capable of catabolizing
CML using metagenomics. It is hypothesized that accessing the metagenome from an
environment will increase the possibilities of finding enzymes capable of degrading CML. To attain
this, a culture independent (CI) selection-based functional screening approach was implemented.
The screening consisted in the use of M9 minimal media containing CML as the sole carbon
source in a 24 well plate. The plate was then inoculated a metagenomic library from Guanica’s
Dry Forest in Puerto Rico and turbidimetry assays performed after 24hrs. As a result, 87% of the
experimental wells showed the presence of potential clones capable of metabolizing CML. Work
is in progress in order to identify the genes responsible for the activity by transposon mutagenesis
and in silico analysis. The findings of this project have the potential to foster a new era where
medical bioremediation treatments are applied to treat age related diseases.
Keywords: Metagenomics, Bioprospecting, Bioremediation
135
Poster Presentation
P68
Interaction of silver and gold nanoparticles with cardiovascular drugs on
Daphnia magna
Roman Roubert A. 1; Reyes P. 1; Peralta N. 1; Félix T. 1; Ferrer Torres E. 1
1Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico - Recinto de Ponce
One of the biggest setbacks faced by the health system in Puerto Rico is the self-medication of
individuals. The consumption of medications, for example, muscle relaxants without a
prescription is harmful to health; since they could affect the nervous system permanently.
Therefore, the objective of our research is to determine the lethal dose of certain muscle
relaxants— Orphenadrine (Norflex) and Nabumetone (Relafen)—in the Daphnia Magna.
Combination of these drugs with metallic gold and silver nanoparticles were analyzed. This
microcustrace provides a versatile and economical model to perform these bioassays. The
nanoparticles were characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and UV
Spectrophotometer. The Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of the silver nanoparticles was
at 408 nm, with an average size of 37 nm. The gold nanoparticles absorption band of gold was
centered at 524 nm, with an average size of 26 nm. Previous work in our research group shows
the LD50 value by exposing the Daphnia magna to silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and
different dosages of Norflex. The results indicate that the LD50 of 0.5 mg Norflex when combined
with silver nanoparticles occurs between 90.0 to 120.0 minutes of exposure. Therefore, with gold
nanoparticles indicate that the LD50 of 0.5 mg Norflex, 50 % of the populations dies after 24 hours
of exposure. Finally, new studies on the effects of these drugs with bimetallic nanoparticles were
conducted to complete our work.
Keywords: toxicology, nanochemistry, chemical education
136
Poster Presentation
P69
Porous Nanowires Hybrid p-n Junction Organic-Metal Oxide
Semiconductors with [Ru(bpy)3] (BF4)2 for the Development of Gas
Sensors
Cruz M. 1; Gonzalez G. 1; Piñero D. 1; Fonseca L. 1
Universidad de Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus
mariely.cruz3@upr.edu
Traditional detection and quantification methods of gases are expensive and may require
extended periods of time. Over the years there has been a need to look for simple and low cost
alternatives for environmental sensing and sampling. Important areas of research in
supramolecular chemistry are undertaking novel approaches to meet these needs and bring out
the focus on the development of new chemosensors. Chemosensors can amplify a particular
chemical stimulus into a measurable signal. In this work, Metal Oxide Semiconductors (MOS) will
be used as candidates for the development of gas sensor. These are low cost, compact in size,
have a high sensitivity, fast response/recovery time. One of our main objectives is to make a
porous NWs with p-n junction within the characteristics of its heterostructure. A p-n junction is a
boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type. P
(positive) side contains an excess of free holes, while the “n” (negative) side contains have an
excess of free electrons. This allows electrical current to pass through the junction only in one
direction. When a gas interacts with one of the sides of this junction, the interface results in a
measurable change in the conductivity that gives this material great efficacy and high sensitivity
that can be used to produce gas sensors. For this purpose, the Ru(bpy)3 complex was
synthesized to work as the n-type semiconductor material of the p-n junction. It is expected that
this material will have an interaction with the p-type compound, which is Cu2O in our case. Herein,
we will present the electrodeposition of the two compounds and their surface characterization by
use of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Keywords: Chemosensor, p-n junction, MOS
The development of this chemo sensor is a simple and low cost alternative for environmental
sensing and sampling. It is compact in size, has a high sensitivity, fast response/recovery time.
Instead of traditional detection and quantification, methods of volatile organic gases that are
expensive and may require extended periods of time.
137
Poster Presentation
P70
Characterization of Wetland Water at La Ciénaga Las Cucharillas by Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy.
Rios A. 1; Santiago X2.; Nicolau E. 1
1University
of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus
2Center for Innovation, Research and Education in Enviromnetal Nanotechnology (CIRE2N-
IRG1)
agnes.rios@upr.edu
One of the predominant ecosystems in Puerto Rico are wetlands. The wetlands ecosystems are
essential for the environment because they serve as natural filters, absorb contaminants, and are
full of biodiversity. Our project focuses in the Natural Reserve of “Ciénaga Las Cucharillas”. The
abundant contaminants found in this area makes for an alarming issue for the community and the
environment. To address this issue, water samples were recollected for characterization of all the
compounds present. These characterizations will give us the knowledge and evidence to take
measures for the removal of those contaminants. For a precise and reliable determination of those
compounds the analytical instrument used was Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass
Spectrometry (GC-MS). Since the reserve is very vast, our samples were taken from wells located
in nine points of the wetland. The samples went through a Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) process
to separate the organic contaminants from the water. This technique allowed us to concentrate
the compounds form a large sample in a small volume for a more sensitive detection. A large
quantity of the compounds found in the samples were due to human contamination. For example,
most of the samples contained tetradecane, octadecane, octatriacontylpentafluoropropionate, 1-
hexacosene, octadecane, dodecane, 1-eicosane, and R-phatale. These compounds are used in
the manufacturing of textiles, hygiene products, and toys. Others are found in pesticides, oils, and
even food additives. These types of contaminants are unsurprising due to all the industrialization
around the area. The conscientization of these results and the development of instruments to
remove these contaminants is imperative for the recovery of this reserve. It is of our interest to
continue with the characterization and analysis of the samples using different techniques like high-
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP).
Poster Presentation
138
P71
Development of a one-step methodology for the synthesis of allylic
alcohols based on the hydrometallation and carbometallation of
propargylic alcohols followed by the epoxide cleavage to obtain polyketide
fragments precursors
Rodriguez-Berrios R. 1; Martinez, A. 1; Cardona A. 1; Rivera A. 1; Rivera de León V. 1
1Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez
raul_rodriguez@pucpr.edu
Medicinal secondary metabolites such polyketides natural products have a wide range of powerful
therapeutic activities; antibiotic, antitumor, antifungal and, antiparasitic. The development of
short-steps synthesis of new drugs and natural bioactive polyketide products represent a great
challenge to the synthesis do the preparation of the multiple stereogenic centers in the polyketide
chains. Despite the facts, several approaches have been developed for the preparation of key
polyketide precursors, but methodologies that involves the cleavage of epoxies has received less
attention, which ensures a very necessary boost for their development. To contribute to this area,
we have proposed the development of a one-step procedure for the synthesis of allylic alcohols
as key intermediates by cleaving epoxides with alkenyl alanates and Grignard derivatives. Using
propargylic alcohol as starting material. For the synthesis of trans-allylic alcohols, we have
explored several experiments using diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) as a key reagent to
promote the anti-hydrometalation followed by the cleavage of the propylene oxide and good yields
were obtained. Aliphatic alkynes work very well, and highs yields were obtained. Recently, we
employed LiAH4 for the synthesis of cis-allylic alcohols and very exiting results remains to
confirm. Likewise, we exposed the propargylic alcohol to the very novel syn-carbomagnesiation
reaction using cupper catalyzed Grignard reagents to afford E-allylic alcohols in moderate yields.
To access to the complementary Z-allylic alcohol we have performed several experiments usin
trimethyl aluminum Al(CH3)3 catalized by zirconium to promote the cabometalation followed by
the cleavage of propylene oxide. Full characterization of these products by NMR are in process
and we confirmed the synthesis of trans- and E-allylic alcohols In conclusion, these results
demonstrate the utility of our new methodology of epoxide cleavage mediated alkenyl alanates
and Grignard reagents for the construction of polyketide fragments.
Keywords: polyketides, epoxides, Grignard reagents, organoluminum reagents,
139
Poster Presentation
P72
The use of Natural soft Biotemplates and sol-gel method in the synthesis of
Titanium Dioxide
Figueroa M. 1; Fuentes-Claudio L. 1
1Universidad Ana G. Mendez - Recinto Cupey
mfigueroa277@email.suagm.edu
Solar photovoltaics is nowadays, viewed as one of the most important renewable energy sources
in terms of global. The most common material for these is silicon which have dominated PV solar
energy converters. On the other hand, it has been found that the light-induced degradation of
silicon materials limits the device stability. An alternative that has been rising attention is the use
of inorganic semiconductors. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials appears to be a
distinguishing candidate because of its high chemical and optical stability, nontoxicity, low cost,
and corrosion resistance. Our goal is to synthesize Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles to improve the
efficiency of the photoelectrode in solar cells. Our experimental approach involves the use of
leaves biomass as templates, Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) and the Sol-Gel method. The use
of the Biotemplates is combined with Tetraethyl Orthosilicate and the Sol- gel method for the
preparation of Titanium Dioxide particles. The effect of calcinating with control temperatures on
crystalline structure were investigated. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to obtain
diffraction patterns and determine if Titanium Dioxide crystalline structure is present.
Keywords: Titanium Dioxide, Nanoparticles, Synthesize
140
Poster Presentation
P73
Chemically modified mesoporous and macroporous silica with amines for
CO2 adsorption
Melendez Contes E. 1; Marquez F. 1
e.melendezcontes@gmail.com
Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases are currently the cause of global
warming and has drawn significant attention as one of the main anthropogenic contributors to
climate change. To reduce carbon emissions, one of the alternatives is capture and sequestration
of polluting gases, which can be used to generate fuels, chemicals and materials. Post-
combustion capture has the greatest potential in the short term to reduce CO 2 emissions. There
is a growing interest in the use of CO 2 as a resource. The capture of CO2 by solid adsorbents
based on amines immobilized on porous solids has been a progressively active research area.
The main objectives of this research are to develop an amine-functionalized mesoporous and
macroporous silica material capable of capturing CO 2. A comparison will be made between two
different types of silica support (mesoporous and macroporous), functionalized with amines via
two methods. This project has been divided in four phases. The first phase of the project involves
the synthesis of two silica support with different morphology, namely MCM-41 and a sponge-like
support. The second phase consists of the functionalization of the support with amines via
impregnation and grafting. The characterization of both amine-functionalized silica support using
different techniques corresponds to the third phase of the investigation. The last phase of this
research will consist of a kinetic study of the two materials to determine the efficiency and
adsorption capacity of CO2.
Keywords: CO2 Capture, porous silica, CCS
141
Poster Presentation
P74
The Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide in In Vitro Amyloids Formation
Martell Rojas O. 1; Lopez Garriga J. 1
1Universidad de Puerto Rico- Mayaguez
orlando.martell@upr.edu
Congo Red (CR) binding is monitored by characteristic yellow-green birefringence under crossed
polarization, which is used as a diagnostic test for the presence of amyloid fibrils in tissue sections
for several decades. It is essential to be able to observe and study these fibers as they are formed
by many proteins that are directly linked with diseases like pulmonary fibrosis, Parkinson’s, and
Alzheimer’s disease to name a few. Amyloid fibrils seem to be impossible to break in the human
body. Nevertheless, when these fibrils, in vitro, are being formed in unison with hydrogen sulfide
(H2S), their formation seems to be inhibited. In their place, a type of circular mass is observed,
which have been postulated as spherulites. Amyloids and spherulites can be detected using
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Experimentally, after dying
the fibrils structures with CR and analyzing them by UV-Vis spectroscopy, it has been found that
there is a red-shift of the CR characteristic electronic transition associated with every protein
concentration. Nonetheless, when the same fibrils are prepared in the presence of H2S, the red-
shifted transition band is present, or its absorbance gets notably diminished. Therefore, the results
suggest that the fibrotic structure is not formed or is partially inhibited. Furthermore, AFM can
clearly distinguish between fibers and the spherulites supporting the hypothesis that the presence
of H2S in the fibrils formation process generated a new structural pathway that inhibits its
formation.
Keywords: aggregation, fibril, atomic force microscopy, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, red-shift
142
Poster Presentation
P75
Biotemplated Synthesis of Brookite Nanoparticles for Anodes in Dye-
sensitized Solar Cells
Soto D. 1; Castro A. 1
1University of Puerto Rico, Recinto de Rio Piedras
diego.soto2@upr.edu
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have gained attraction in the material research field because
of their high conversion efficiency of photovoltaic activity, non-toxicity, and low cost materials.
DSSCs require an anode, which is typically composed of a thin film of titania (TiO2). These films
present several limitations regarding their high transparency and negligible light scattering
because of the particle size. This results in poor light harvesting, and low electrical conductivity,
which is also affected by the TiO2 polymorphic phases. Enhancement of the photovoltaic
conversion efficiency can be improved by modifications in the particle size, increasing surface
area and polymorphic control of titania. In this research, the surface area was increased by
confining the crystallization of TiO2 in a nano-space, thus reducing the particle size, and
increasing porosity by in situ biotemplation with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), a biocompatible
polymer, during the synthesis. Control over the polymorphic phase of TiO2 was achieved during
calcination obtaining the brookite phase, which possesses a larger bandgap. A phase inversion
temperature (PIT)-nanoemulsion synthesis method was employed to reduce particle size and
increase surface area. The synthesis was carried out and the resulting material was characterized
before and after calcination at 500°C. The pre-calcinated material was analyzed by
thermogravimetric and elemental analysis. Thermographs of the pre-calcinated samples revealed
polymer entrapment within the amorphous TiO2 lattice by presenting degradation of HEC at
~280°C. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of carbon signal due to the polymer. Dynamic
light scattering was employed to analyze the particle size distribution of the resulting product,
which presented a size distribution range between 60-160 d.nm.. Powder X-ray diffraction
confirmed the presence of TiO2 mixture of anatase and brookite phases. This work illustrates that
biotemplated TiO2 can be synthesized within a confined space to control its crystallization into
nanometer range and achieve an enhanced semiconductor material for applications in DSSCs.
Keywords: brookite, titania, Dye-sensitized solar cells
143
Poster Presentation
P76
Synthesis of Tin Oxide Nanostructures for Sensing Important
Environmental Gases
Álvarez Reyes W. 1; Camacho A. 1; Otaño W. 1
1University of Puerto Rico at Cayey
wilanyi.alvarez@upr.edu
Gas sensors are an important technology with use in industrial, commercial and ecological
environments. Examples of their importance are measuring changes in concentration gas in
storage facilities, assurance of clean and safe environments, and family safety at home. Because
of this, the main interest is to make gas sensors more selective and sensitive to specific gases
and with short time responses. We propose doing so with tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles. SnO2
is a widely used semiconductor with low cost, excellent response to different gases, low toxicity,
and easy handling in the laboratory. The main objective of this investigation is to study how the
properties of the SnO2 nanoparticles affect the sensitivity and selectivity of the gas sensor. SnO2
nanoparticles are prepared using magnetron sputtering deposition using different plasma
conditions to change morphology and crystallinity of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were
deposited directly on interdigital transducers (IDEs) and their response to hydrogen gas tested in
a homemade facility. The second objective is to determinate which parameters makes the
nanoparticles more sensitive and selective to H2 gas and to develop a model to describe the
sensor response based on these parameters. Results of the analysis about morphology,
crystallinity and size of the nanoparticles with the use of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), will be presented. These results will be analyzed in
combination with the positive sensor testing results for hydrogen gas.
Keywords: Tin oxide nanoparticles and gas sensing
144
Poster Presentation
P77
New ACS student chapter at the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto
Rico at Mayagüez Campus: Pioneers in action!
Rodriguez-Berrios R. 1; Cardona-Matos A. 1; Martínez-Matías J. 1; Rivera-Camacho A. 1; Rivera
de León V. 1
1Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez
raul_rodriguez@pucpr.edu
The San Alberto Magno Chapter of the American Chemical Society at the Pontifical Catholic
University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus is the first chapter of Chemistry initiated at this
Campus. This chapter was initiated in the fall semester of 2019, and it has 26 members. We
named our chapter in honor of San Alberto Magno, known as the Saint of Chemistry, who had a
great interest in Sciences and in the Gospel. This distinguished scientist believed that there did
not exist any kind of dispute between the Sciences and the Gospel. The main objective of this
chapter is to communicate the vital role of chemists and the value of Chemistry to address the
world’s challenges. Another of our most important goals is to support education in the field of
chemistry, and help and orient students who desire to expand their knowledge in this field of
Science by providing opportunities, resources, information, and solutions and instilling everyday
values. In order to achieve these objectives, we will be participating in various activities during
the fall semester of 2019. Our first participation was on October 20, 2019 in the Marvelous Metals
activity in San Juan at Paseo de la Princesa. At this activity, we presented information and games
about Lithium. The next activity in which we will be participating is the Catholic Pink Day on
October 31, 2019 at Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus. This activity
will promote the early detection and awareness of breast cancer and help raise funds for
treatments required for this disease. As our mission, we aspire to advance and transcend in
Chemistry for the benefit of students, our university, community, and society through curricular
and extracurricular activities, in order to help in the formation of future leaders and scientists.
Keywords: ACS, Student chapter, PUCPR
145
Poster Presentation
P78
Electropolymerization of Pyrrole and Aniline for Modification of Carbon
Fiber Microelectrode for Biosensing Aplication
Lozano-Ortiz K. 1; Rosa-Curet D. 1; López L. 1; Cunci L. 1
1Universidad Ana G. Mendez
klozano4@email.suagm.edu
The microelectrodes have been used as biosensors for electrochemical detection of

neurotransmitters, using different materials. Carbon Fiber Microelectrode (CFME) has been
demonstrated that can be used in the detection of different neurotransmitters in vitro and in vivo
thanks to its high sensitivity and temporal and spatial resolution. Some biomolecules can be
absorbed to the microelectrode surface and be detected by Electrochemical Impedance
Spectroscopy (EIS). Dopamine has been detected by EIS at potentials that can be absorbed and
at potentials that performed a redox reaction. Our goal is to modify the surface of the
microelectrode to improve the selectivity and sensitivity to measure other biomolecules such as
Neuropeptide Y. The Neuropeptide Y is a biomolecule that is related with diseases as Parkinson,
Epilepsy, and in the regulation of appetite that cannot be detect at low concentrations in real time
and speed. The advantage of EIS is that a modification in the surface of the microelectrode will
allow the detection of molecules that don’t necessarily need to occur a redox reaction. The use of
conductive polymers such Pyrrole and Aniline have great advantage by their chemical properties
and biocompatibility and additionally, those materials can be modified according to its application.
The electropolymerization of those materials was carried out with a 0.5 M Pyrrole and Aniline
solutions in 0.5 M H2SO4 at 10 cycles to understand the polymerization levels into the surface of
the microelectrodes. Scanning Electron Microscopy images shows different layers of the polymers
in the microelectrodes. As a result, we observed that by reducing the amount of cycles, the
polymer layer was thin and uniformly. Finding the right conditions by the electropolymerization for
modification of the microelectrodes, will allow us to test the microelectrodes modified to be used
as biosensor for the detection of Neuropeptide Y.
Keywords: Microelectrode, Pyrrole, Aniline and Carbon
146
Poster Presentation
P79
Dmit(acac)2 Metal Complexes: Synthesis with Rare Earth Metals as MRI
Contrast Agents
Rodríguez Ayala D. 1; Pinero D. 1; Cordero K. 1
1University
of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
dara.rodriguez1@upr.edu
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique that is used worldwide for the
assessment of tissue irregularities and to aid in the detection of cancer and diseased tissue. For
the purpose of increasing the resolution of an MR image, a contrast agent (CA) is introduced into
the body. For instance, gadolinium coupled with organic ligands is one of the most widely used
CAs, such as Dotarem, which has a high relaxivity rate that will cause an MR image to have higher
contrast on tissues or organs of interest. The organic ligands coordinated to the gadolinium center
must chelate the metal center without compromising its CA properties. With this intention, we
contemplate the use of substituted dithiolenes as ligands that will carry out the function of
coordinating metal ions through new moieties such as acetyl acetanoate. Dithiolenes are recently
contemplated as good candidates in photothermal therapy for their near-infrared (NIR) absorption.
In our laboratory, we grow crystals from the ligand dmit(acac)2 in reaction with metal salts from
Gd to yield products with general formula of Gd[dmit(acac)2]x. Crystals from the complex have
not been produced, thus, alternative spectroscopic techniques have been employed for the
characterization of this product. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was utilized for
the elemental confirmation after the synthesis. The binding energies of the X-ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum attested the coordination between gadolinium and the oxygen from
the [dmit(acac)2]; for instance, the binding energy of 145.6 eV was assigned to Gd 4d and 536
eV to O 1s. This work will present the characterization of complexes with the potential to become
excellent theranostic agents whose therapy and diagnostic properties will aid in the treatment of
cancer.
Keywords: Dithiolene system, coordination complex, contrast agents
147
Poster Presentation
P80
Oxyhemoglobin Profile in the Presence of Hydrogen Sulfide.
Santos-Velazquez L. 1; López Garriga J. 1
1Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez PR 00681-9000.,
lysmarie.santos@upr.edu
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) had been conventionally considered as a toxic molecule until it was
suggested for physiological function. H2S is produced endogenously at low concentration by
enzymatic pathways in humans, via cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine ɣ-lyase, and 3-
mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. H2S is highly lipophilic, it can penetrate a cell by simple
diffusion and interacts with some hemoproteins. The interaction of H 2S with hemoglobin
(tetrameric protein) and myoglobin (monomeric protein), in the presence of O 2 or H2O2 can
generate the species sulfhemoglobin and sulfmyoglobin with a characteristic optical band around
620 nm and 618 nm, respectively. This as a result of a covalent heme modification in which one
of the pyrrole rings is modified by the incorporation of the sulfur atom across the β-β double bond
of the pyrrole. As a result, the oxygen binding capacity of sulfhemoglobin and sulfmyoglobin is
reduced by a factor of ~135 and 2,500 in comparison of native hemoglobin and myoglobin,
respectively. In 1986, Peisach et. al. studies using isoelectric focusing and optical spectrometry
shown that both partially and fully sulfurated tetramers can be found in sulfhemoglobin samples.
The A625nm/A576nm absorbance ratio was used as indicator of degree of sulfuration, in which
values close to 1 represents fully sulfurated tetramers. This research is focused in the relation
between the hemoglobin sulfurated tetramers as a function of physiological range of hydrogen
sulfide concentration. The study was carried out evaluating the formation reaction of
sulfhemoglobin at physiological conditions using different hydrogen sulfide concentration. The
sulfhemoglobin complex sample was prepared by mixing oxyhemoglobin, with H 2S in UV-Vis
cuvette. The UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the sulfhemoglobin complex as well
A625nm/A576nm absorbance ratio. The results showed a positive correlation between the
sulfhemoglobin absorbance as a function of H2S concentration and suggest a partially sulfurated
tetramers in the sulfhemoglobin samples.
Keywords: Hydrogen Sulfide, Hemoglobin, Sulfhemoglobin, Sulfheme
148
Poster Presentation
P81
Design of Carbon Microelectrodes in the Use of a Flow Injection System for
Neuropeptide Y Detection
Flores-Felix K.J. 1; Lopez L. 1; Cunci L. 1
1Universidad Ana G. Mendez, Gurabo Campus
kflores44@email.suagm.edu
Microelectrodes have been constantly used for the detection of biomolecules such as dopamine,
serotonin and neuropeptides. Modifications of the surface of the carbon microelectrode is often
used to test the sensitivity and selectivity of the biomolecules at the surface of the electrode. Fast
Scan Cyclic Voltammetry is an electrochemical technique used to detect neurotransmitters in real
time performing a redox process. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has been used
to measure the absorption and the relationship between the solution at the surface of the
microelectrode. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a biomolecule synthetized by the neurons and are in
charge of the regulation of food and drink intake, also participate in the learning and memory
process. The main objective in this work is to create new type of carbon microelectrodes that can
measure NPY using EIS after the separation of biomolecules done by the High-Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) at different time retention. The carbon fiber is insert in the
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), the material the microelectrode is made of and glued to the
surface of the electrode. The connection of the electrode was created with a copper wire, painted
with a layer of silver paint. Scanning Electrode Microscope (SEM) and Cyclic Voltammetry were
used to characterized the carbon fiber microelectrodes. This microelectrode will be modified with
polymers and single strained DNA aptamers to improve the sensitivity and selectivity in the
detection of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides.
Keywords: Microelectrodes, Carbon, Flow Cell
149
Poster Presentation
P82
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as indicator of cave soil
Serrano Rodríguez I. 1; Sanabria Dosal R. 1; Rosario D. 1; Cartagena K. 1; Acosta A. 1
ismarie.serrano@upr.edu
Soil is a mixture of organic and inorganic material, water, and air. Characterizing the soil is
essential for knowing the nutrients available, structure, and microbial activity of the tested site.
The Cabachuelas Natural Reserve is a karst region located in the municipality of Morovis and
Ciales it has approximately 65 caves. For this research, soil samples were collected from two
caves of the system: Cristales and Dos-Tres Pisos cave’s. Each sample of soil can change
depending on its geometry and entrances of the caves, light exposure, biodiversity, temperature,
and humidity. Therefore, each cave was divided in several stations to take samples from different
parts of the cave. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis was done because is an accepted
and widely used technique to characterize soil since most of the elements in soil can absorb IR
radiation. Samples were prepared first by putting them in an oven at 105 °C for 24 hours to
eliminate humidity, second by sifting them to eliminate rock fragments and to improve the surface-
area to volume-ratio. Then lastly, the samples are put in a furnace oven for 3 hours at 750 °C to
break the organic carbons. The FT-IR parameters used are a scan range from a wavelength of
4000 to 400 cm-1 with a resolution of 2.0 cm-1 and the resulted spectra is obtained from an
average of 6 scans. The samples were divided as Post- and Pre- furnace oven for comparison.
The Post- samples include the non-organic compositions while the Pre- samples include organic
and non-organic compounds. Each sample was analyzed 3 times to see ensure a correct data
compilation and for statistical analysis. The soil FT-IR spectrum is then analyzed to know the
organic and inorganic material present in the soil. The understanding of the soil FT-IR spectra
from the Cabachuelas cave system will provide us with information about the biodiversity,
chemical composition, and the cave environment.
Keywords: Ft-Ir, Soil, Biodiversity, Caves, Chemical Composition
150
Poster Presentation
P83
Electrochemical Synthesis of Polyaniline and Pyrrol Solutions supported
by Carbon Nano-onions by the Rotating Slurry-Disk Electrode Technique
Sanchez Fonseca F. 1; Cunci Perez L. 1; González Sánchez O. 1; Vargas Pérez B. 1
1Universidad Ana G. Mendez - Gurabo Campus
fabiolanoemi5@gmail.com
The emerging climatic crisis have created the need on scientist to explore better ways to produce
energy. According to this severe increase of the environmental problems, measurements have
been taken to continue doing research investigations to accelerate renewable energy production
and storage devices. Polypyrrol (Ppy) and Polyaniline(PANI) are known for their electroactive
conductive capacity that will let us produce fuel cells as an alternate source of energy.This
research is based on the electrochemical synthesis of a PANI and Ppy solutions each one are
supported by carbon-nano onions (CNO) using Rotating Disk-Slurry Electrode (RoDSE)
technique. This technique will also allow us produce coatings of polymer-based conducting
polymers on CNO that helps support the increase in the surface area. The combinations of carbon
with conductive polymers are known in result of it reinforce to the polymer’s mechanical properties
resulting in novel material and devices with potential industrial application. The Carbon nano -
particles comes from the nano-diamonds which are obtained by a pyrolysis process. Then we
chemically synthetized the nano-particles with sulfuric acid to produce the CNO layers. The
polymerization is carried out with 0.17 M Polymer, 0.10 M H2SO4 at 900 rpm in an
electrochemical cell with a carbon fiber glass electrode. We are focus on the polymerization
between the rate 0 V to 0.8 V. The characterization process for the CNO/Polymer is made with:
Electronic Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
(FTIR), X-Ray Diffractogram (XRD),and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). These techniques
allow us know the composition of our samples and facilitates the identification of the bonds that
are characteristics of the polymer presence and the presence of Carbon in the CNO. The Cyclic
voltammetry (CV) is a powerful electrochemical technique commonly employed to investigate
oxidation processes of molecular species that are going to confirm the conductive polymer.
Keywords: Pyrrol, Polyaniline, carbon nano-particles
151
Poster Presentation
P84
Encapsulation of fertilizer in starch spheres: Synthesis
Quintana Martínez A. 1; González-Mederos A. 1
1Inter American University of Puerto Rico - San Germán Campus
arelis_quintana@yahoo.com
Fertilizers are added to crops to provide essential nutrients for their development, growth and
production. They can be classified into multiple categories such as origin (organic, inorganic),
composition and state (liquid or solid). However, these fertilizers may reach water bodies and
different ecosystems, affecting the development of plants and organisms. Therefore, products
with new release mechanism called controlled-release fertilizer are being developed. This
mechanism helps in the nutrient application process, reducing the environmental impact. In this
research, beads made of a mixture of biopolymers and fertilizer were synthesized, and their
capability as suitable controlled-release fertilizer was evaluated. Beads were prepared using
tapioca starch crosslinked with sodium alginate in calcium chloride solution. NPK fertilizer was
encapsulated in the beads. The Taguchi method was used to synthesize different bead
compositions, and then the release of the fertilizer was followed using UV-VIS spectrometry.
Results show that higher concentrations of calcium chloride and lower concentrations of tapioca
slow the speed of fertilizer released.
Keywords: Slow release fertilizers, bio polymers, starch
152
Poster Presentation
P85
Cave Soil Abiotic Factors as an indicator of Cave Ecosystems
Sanabria Dosal R. 1; Serrano Rodríguez I. 1; Cartagena K. 1; Rosario D. 1; Acosta A. 1
reishell.sanabria@upr.edu
Characterizing the soil is essential for knowing the nutrients available and learn about the fertility,
structure, and chemical activity of the sampled site. Two caves were selected for this study:
Cristales and Dos-Tres Pisos cave’s, located in the Cabachuelas Natural Reserve in Morovis,
Puerto Rico. The soil abiotic factors are necessary to determine if the cave soil is a favorable
ecosystem for the cave fauna. Samples were collected at Dos-Tres Pisos and Cristales, in
different regions of the caves (entrance, twilight and dark zones). These where processed in the
laboratory. Abiotic factors such as the soil water content (moisture), nutritional content (organic
matter), acidity (pH) and mineral content has a major influence in the cave ecosystem. For the
collected cave soil samples; first, the pH was measured for each sample using the EPA Method
9045D, second, the moisture was measured by drying the soil sample, and lastly, the organic
matter was measured by loss on ignition method. Results are then analyzed to verify if the caves
are a favorable soil ecosystem. A favorable soil ecosystem is determined by a range of pH (4.8-
7.5), moisture (30% – 80%) and nutritional content (>40%). The acidity for both caves, in all
regions, are favorable. On the other hand, for the majority of the regions, the moisture and
nutritional content were below the necessary to be a favorable ecosystem. This study can help
us quantify the likeliness of which caves or regions of the caves are needed to be preserved in
the Cabachuelas Cave system, since it is increasing in human impact due to an increment in
tourist and educational activities.
Keywords: Acidity, Caves, Abiotic Factors, Minerals, Ecosystems, Biodiversity
153
Poster Presentation
P86
Distribution of Harpellales (Kickxellomycotina) in Culicidae and
Chironomidae in Puerto Rico
Alicea Cruz G. 1; Cafaro M. 1
1Universidad de Puerto Rico- Recinto de Mayaguez
gamalier.alicea@upr.edu
Harpellales fungi are obligate symbionts. They need a live host in order to grow and reproduce.
They are found in the digestive tract of various arthropods (including insects), attached without
penetration to the gut lining. The majority of the arthropods that are associated with Harpellales
live in freshwater habitats such as streams and lakes; common host families include
Chironomidae, Simuliidae and Culicidae within the order Diptera and other insect orders such as
Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. In this investigation, we established the occurrence of
Harpellales in the Culicidae and Chironomidae families in Puerto Rico. We sampled mosquito
(Culicidae) and bloodworm (Chironomidae) larvae in Arecibo and Mayaguez. After sampling and
dissecting the collected larvae, we found three species of Harpellales. The first report for Arecibo
was an unidentified Smittium species in the mosquito Aedes sp. In Chironomus sp.
(Chironomidae) larvae, we found two Stachylina species attached to the peritrophic membrane in
the midgut, Stachylina lentica and Stachylina grandispora. These species represent new records
for the island. Based on the frequency analysis, we were able to conclude that in Puerto Rico,
there is a higher prevalence of Harpellales in Chironomidae larvae in comparison to Culicidae
larvae.
Keywords: Harpellales, Fungi, Chironomidae, Stachylina
154
Poster Presentation
P87
Change in the paramagnetic properties of MnCl2, an MRI contrast agent, in
the presence of (TBA)2[Ni(dmit)2]
Pichardo-Peguero O. 1; Cordero-Gimenez K. 1
1University
of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
oliver.pichardo@upr.edu
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a medical treatment that offers a novel alternative to cancer
treatment. It uses the heat generated from the exposure of a photothermal agent to a Near
Infrared (NIR) laser to kill malignant cancer cells. Nickel-bis(dithiolene) complexes such as
(TBA)2[Ni(dmit)2] are known for having important properties that make them good candidates as
a photothermal agent such as a strong absorbance of the NIR laser, converting light to heat
effectively without suffering from photobleaching, and withstanding being irradiated for a long
period of time. In this work, how this complex could be coupled with other paramagnetic metal
complexes that are currently being used as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents
to serve for both therapy and imaging was studied. (TBA)2[Ni(dmit)2] was synthesized starting
from (TBA)2[Zn(dmit)2]. Second, solutions of this synthesized metal complex, solutions of MnCl2,
and solutions of a mixture of synthesized (TBA)2[Ni(dmit)2] in solution with MnCl2 were prepared
at different concentrations, and their relaxation measurements were taken using a Mq60
Relaxometer. T1 and T2 relaxation measurements show that MnCl2 possess a T1 value of 1.38s-
1/mM and a T2 value of 2.81s-1/mM, (TBA)2[Ni(dmit)2] of 0.03s-1/mM and 0.11s-1/mM
respectively, and the mixture of the two molecules of 1.80s-1/mM and 2.44s-1/mM. These results
show that (TBA)2[Ni(dmit)2] could be coupled to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast
agent because it does not cancel the paramagnetic properties of MnCl2.
Keywords: Photothermal Therapy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nickel-Bis(dithiolene),

Relaxation
155
Poster Presentation
P88
Educational game in Environmental Science as tool in teaching-learning
process in 6th grade.
Báez Félix C. 1; Ríos Ramos A. 1; Vázquez Montes A. 1; Irizarry Caraballo I. 1; Flores Pérez M. 1
cbaez44@suagm.edu
The application of educational games in science is a wonderful tool in teaching-learning process

throughout different school grades. This activity develops spontaneity, motivation and stimulates
the imagination, and creativity. In addition, these educational games increase the participation of
the students in the classroom. The students use their skills and abilities to resolve problems or
situations and develop their capacity to work in teams. The project “The coffee seedbed as
didactic resource in rural school grades 6th-8th” (ACS-PR Innovative Project Grant), was
organized in the intermedia school Matias Gonzalez in Gurabo. As part of this project, some
activities were performed in the classroom with different topics in science, chemistry, coffee
culture and organic agriculture. The first activity was an Environmental Science game. In this
activity the questions were in multiple choice and puzzles were used. In this game fifty students
participated and were organized in five teams. All the students completed the pre-test before the
activity. This pre-test contained questions related to the educational game. The question game
has six questions and the teams has one minute to answer. The team that had the correct answer
rolled an inflatable dice to obtain points. At the end of the activity the students completed the pos-
test and received prizes. The analyses of the pre-test and post-test demonstrate that the students
increased the number of correct answers after the game. The educational game proved to be an
efficient tool in teaching-learning scenario because it increases the participation, attention, and
the students are in a relaxed environment. These factors are very important for the student-
learning process.
Keywords: Environmental Science, teaching-learning , educational games
The educational game proved to be an efficient tool in teaching-learning scenario because it

increases the participation, attention, and the students are in a relaxed environment. These
factors are innovative for the student-learning process.
156
Poster Presentation
P89
Microencapsulation of Anthocyanins in Alginate Hydrogels for Potential
Applications in Anti-β Amyloidosis Therapies
Osorio-Cantillo C. 1; Santiago-Mercado A.1
Sciences & Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, PR, United States
cmosor@ponce.inter.edu
Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds very commons in red, blue and purple flowers or fruits.
These compounds are of great interest because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
capabilities. Antioxidant properties have been studied in the framework of neurodegenerative
disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. In such disorders oxidative stress induce toxic effects and
the formation of reactive oxygen species, among which are the free radicals that trigger the
formation of plaques of the β amyloid protein that cause neuronal death. Anthocyanins have been
found to be a radical free scavenger. However, due to poor pharmacokinetic of these compounds,
a way of effective preservation, administration and adsorption are still under research. This work
is related to microencapsulation of anthocyanins extracts from purple flowers of Ruellia in alginate
hydrogels. The extraction of flavonoids compounds was made using a mixture of water and
ethanol. The extract was characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy at different pHs. This
ethanolic extract was encapsulated through an ionic gelation method using 1.5% of Na-Alginate
and 5% of CaCl2 the dry micro-hydrogel beads were morphologically characterized by using
optical microscopy. The size of the obtained beads ranged between 860 µm and 640 µm for the
alginate beads before and after the anthocyanins’ encapsulation. The anthocyanins were
analyzed after two weeks of encapsulation applying a pH differential method, and found that the
compounds retained their chemical integrity. The results demonstrated a successful micro-
encapsulation and preservation of anthocyanins that guarantees the bio-availability of antioxidant
properties of the compounds and provides a potential approach for treatment of
neurodegenerative disorders.
Keywords: phenolic compounds, antioxidants, alginate hydrogels.
157
Poster Presentation
P90
Exploring cobalt-phosphate as a water oxidation catalyst
Rodriguez Baez V. 1; Suwandaratne N. 1; Sheng A. 1; Watson D. 1
1University of Puerto Rico at Cayey
valerie.rodriguez24@upr.edu
Cobalt-phosphate (CoPi) has been previously studied to function as an electrocatalyst in an

oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline medium. It does this by decreasing the overpotential,
which is the additional potential needed to drive forward a reaction. Here, we aimed to make a
cobalt-phosphate film on a fluorine doped tin oxide conductive glass (FTO) using cyclic
voltammetry (CV). Various methods were used to thoroughly characterize the CoPi which
includes energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared film was primarily used
as a dark anode, in conjunction with photocathodes functionalized with CdSe quantum
dot/Pb0.33V2O5 nanowire heterostructures, in a three-electrode system. The main goal was to
use the CoPi electrode as an oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC). Electrochemical measurements
were employed to determine the effectiveness of this OEC compared to traditional noble metal
catalysts such as platinum in neutral and acidic mediums. Gas chromatography was used to
quantify the hydrogen and oxygen produced, and the Faradaic efficiency was calculated. Future
work can be focused on the formation of intermediates in the mechanism for the oxidation of water
by CoPi.
Keywords: cobalt-phosphate, electrocatalyst, quantum dots, water splitting
158
Poster Presentation
P91
Neurotransmitter Detection In Drosophila melanogaster Larva Using Fast
Scan Cyclic Voltammetry
Martinez L. 1; Rivera V. 1; González J. 1; Espinosa A. 1; Cunci L.1
1Universidad Ana G. Mendez, Recinto de Gurabo
lyzamichelle@hotmail.com
This project looks to measure neurotransmitters with different electrochemical techniques to

understand how they affect the physiology of the animals. The Drosophila melanogaster is a type
of fly, more specifically known as the fruit fly, which is commonly used as a model of the human
organism because of its homology with the human genome. Neurotransmitters are endogenous
chemical substances that enable neurotransmission and share information from one neuron to
another. Neurodegenerative diseases are a range of conditions which primarily affect the neurons
in the human brain. Understanding neurotransmitters in an animal model is going to help us learn
more about the neurodegenerative diseases that are linked to them and humans. The
investigation consists of the preparation of carbon fiber micro electrodes, the cultivation of the
Drosophila and the process of introducing the micro electrode in the brain of the larva, specifically
the ventral nerve cord. This is because the ventral nerve cord is where you can find the most
amount of neurons. We can measure neurotransmitters in the fruit fly by using Electrochemical
Impedance Spectroscopy and Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry because of selective
electrochemical detection based on voltage-dependent oxidation and reduction processes. This
voltage can be found in the carbon fiber microelectrodes. The goal of this study is to characterize
neurotransmitter release on the Drosophila melanogaster’s ventral nerve cord using an
electrochemical technique in vivo. If we can use these electrochemical techniques to successfully
measure the release of neurotransmitters, we can advance the methods used to detect
biomolecules in real time and understand their biological structure and diseases linked to them.
At the moment, we have been able to measure the release of Octopamine with a parameter of -
0.4 to 1.3V.
Keywords: Drosophila, Neurotransmitter, Brain
159
Poster Presentation
P92
ACS UPRB: Influencing and Empowering Undergraduate Students and the
Community through Several Chemical Divisions
Ocasio Idorwatt F.1; Santiago Pérez L.1
1Universidadde Puerto Rico en Bayamón
francoise.ocasio@upr.edu
The American Chemical Society UPRB (ACS-UPRB) Student Chapter’s goal is to bring chemical
knowledge, encouragement, empowerment tools and to implement the United Nations
Sustainable and Development Goals in undergraduate students and communities. ACS-UPRB
has impacted more than 1,773 undergraduate student and community members during the 2019
year with our six chemical divisions: Biochemistry, Chemical Education, Community Outreach,
Environmental Chemistry, Green Chemistry, and Professional Development. With the Chemical
Education division our chapter has visited schools and our Chem Club, “We matter Club”, a
partnership with Boys and Girls Club of Puerto Rico, by bringing tools to understand the
fundamentals of chemistry in a dynamic and amuse way. We have collaborated with the
Pedagogy Program in our university, performing chemical demonstrations. The Community
Outreach division has provided our members the opportunity to get involved and participate in
numerous outreach events such as Susan G. Komen and Marcha: Rosa por una causa. The
Environmental Chemistry division has educated and created awareness about the environmental
issues happening globally working in movements like Caminata Puerto Rico ante el Cambio
Climático demonstrating La Química detrás de la Acidificación de los Océanos and monitoring
water quality with Arrecifes Pro Ciudad, Inc. at Isla Verde Marine Reserve. The Green Chemistry
division has promoted community awareness about the importance of following the 12 Principles
of Green Chemistry by visiting pre-school and K-12 students and by implanting a Green Chemistry
Awareness Garden in our campus. During the National Chemistry Week, our chapter organized
several activities in which our members enjoyed the Chemistry Festival, conferences, chemical
demonstrations and the ACS Marvelous Metals Program in a Box. For our hard work performed
last year, we have been recently recognized with an Outstanding and Green Chemistry Award.
Thus, we will continue provide our members the best experiences and extracurricular activities.
Keywords: ACS-UPRB, Sustainability Goals, Biochemistry, Chemical Education, Community

Outreach, Environmental Chemistry, Green Chemistry, Professional Development, We Matter
Club and Water Quality Monitoring
160
Poster Presentation
P93
Celebrating the 2019 International Year of the Periodic Table Big!
De Leon K.1; Garcia N.; Díaz J.1; Figueroa A.1; Rodríguez I.1
1University of Puerto Rico at Humacao
kimberly.deleon1@upr.edu
Our American Chemical Society (ACS) Student Chapter at the University of Puerto Rico in
Humacao (UPRH) has been distinguished by its commitment to share their knowledge of
Chemistry with our fellow students and the entire community. We always take care to emphasize
the importance of Chemistry in everyday life to light up a spark of interest in science and
demonstrate how learning new things can be fun. As part of our activities, we went big with the
celebration of the 2019 International Year of the Periodic Table (IYPT 2019) as we painted the
biggest Periodic Table in the East zone of Puerto Rico at UPRH. Also, the National Chemistry
Week (NCW) celebration was a great success as we shared our knowledge about “Marvelous
Metals” with the community. We joined other Chemistry enthusiasts at the “Festival de Química”
at Old Viejo San Juan, where thousands participated in hands-on activities. These and other
activities like Chemist Celebrate Earth Day (CCED) and the Bioscience week strengthens our
bond with ACS Local sections, ChemClubs and other science student organizations. We pride
ourselves with our contributions to our community and Puerto Rico.
Keywords: Periodic, Table, Big, UPRH
161
Poster Presentation
P94
Food chemistry division of ACS Inter Ponce student chapter
Peralta Pacheco N. 1 ; Reyes P. 1; Félix-Massa T. 1; Ferrer-Torres E. 1
1Interamerican University of Puerto Rico - Ponce Campus
Inter Ponce student chapter created a food chemistry division to impact our student community.
The main goal of our division is to consolidate chemistry and gastronomy concepts on different
experiments. Focusing on impacting schools with demonstrations and educational lectures. Our
members participated on a field trip to the Coffee Museum, where we had an orientation about
the chemistry of coffee and were allowed to do experiments to measure pH levels in the coffee at
different temperatures. We also are working to increase our support for people in need, such as
giving food to homeless people, donating supplies at orphanages and visiting local oncological
hospitals to exhibit our educational experiments. Multiple educational activities such as science
cafes have been planned to educate and integrate our peers, professors, and members of our
chapter to enjoy the molecular gastronomy of food through chemistry. One of our special activities
this year is a trip to a local dairy farm that manufactures the highest artisanal quality cheese and
yogurt to focus on the science aspect of their dairy products. In addition, we provided new
activities to our members by providing workshops; one of the most attended was about the
fermentation of yogurt and wine. In summary, our commitment is with our university and our
community to educating people in a creative way.
Keywords: food chemistry, chemical education, human resources
162
P95
Exposure of Hepatocellular Carcinoma cells (HEP-G2) to CdSTe Quantum
Dots
Ponton-Almodovar, A.1, Alamo-Nole, L.1
1Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce Campus
luis_alamo@pucpr.edu
Nanomaterials with optical properties such as Quantum Dots (QDs) have possible uses in
diagnostics, photodynamic therapy or drug delivery. Living organisms can be in contact and
absorb this nanomaterial which can participate in oxidation/reduction reactions inducing oxidative
cell stress. Lipids, located on the plasmatic membrane, can suffer peroxidation that induces
cellular apoptosis and death of living systems. A critical point to understand is how QDs enter
cells and how they interact with the biological chemistry of cells. Small crystals should produce
more reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to more surface area by mass. Liver human cells from
hepatocellular carcinoma (HEP-G2) were cultivated in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium
(EMEM) at 37°C and 5% CO2. HEP-G2 cells were exposed to four different crystal sizes of CdSTe
QDs (96-well plate) with concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg/L and incubated for 24-48 hours.
Fluorescence of the QDs in the EMEM was monitored during the exposition time to corroborate
the integration of the QDs. The incorporation of QDs inside HEP-G2 was observed by
fluorescence microscopy (changes in cell shape was also monitored). The number of viable cells
was determined by the quantification of ATP production as an indicator of metabolically active
cells. It was observed that the viability was affected by the oxidative stress produced due to the
crystal size accumulation of the QDs. The oxidative stress was evaluated through the production
of ROS, such as Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ROS (H2O2) production increased when higher
concentrations of QDs were added to the cells, and large crystal sizes (CdSTe 150 and 180 °C)
produced more ROS. Overall, the viability and oxidative stress response of HEP-G2 were
dependent on the concentration and crystal size of the QDs.
Keywords: Quantum dots, reactive oxygen species, cellular viability
163
P96
American Chemical Society Inter Aguadilla Chapter
Arocho Ponce L1.; Santiago Peña L.1; Pérez Mercado W.1
1Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, Aguadilla Campus
wperez@aguadilla.inter.edu
The American Chemical Society (ACS) is one of the most important professional organizations of
the world that pursue student development through educational and professional activities. This
year, the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, Aguadilla Campus joins this prestigious
organization. The American Chemical Society Inter Aguadilla Chapter (ACS-Inter Aguadilla) has
been established with the purpose of developing professionals with extensive knowledge in the
area of chemistry. ACS-Inter Aguadilla seeks to broaden our students’ horizons and expand their
opportunities through enrichment and social development activities. ACS-Inter Aguadilla also
seeks to develop future leaders through active participation in activities of both an educational
nature and social work. Our principal goal for this year is to enroll students in the ACS-Inter
Aguadilla Chapter and integrate them in the Chemical society.
Keywords: ACS Inter Aguadilla, educational and professional development
164
COMMITMENT
TO
SERVICE
RECOGNITION
165
Commitment to Service Recognition

CSR1
The Magic Part of Green Chemistry
ACS UPR Arecibo Chapter
Nominated by: Lissette Arroyo Galbán - Secretary
Faculty Advisor: Maiella L. Ramos Fontán, Ph.D.
Faculty Advisor e-mail: maiella.ramos@upr.edu
Activity date: April 4th, 2019
Antonio Badillo Hernández

Elementary School in the
Municipality of Aguadilla works
under the Work Plan “Project
Based Learning (PBL) and
Strategies for Active Learning” of
the Department of Education of
Puerto Rico. The concept of
green chemistry was discussed
and the experiment “Cleaning of
water with land” was carried out,
which is done with homemade
materials. The importance of
drinking water was explained,
many told anecdotes about
Hurricane Maria and told us that
they accompanied their parents to
buy water from the supermarket.
In turn, each child had the opportunity to plant their bean plant by adding the concept of the
importance of plants and the identification of each of its parts.
They also participated in the international Pi day because each child colored a number of this
infinite figure and then was placed in the Mathematics Department of the UPR of Arecibo.
The children understood that they do not need expensive things to create a home water filter.
Each one was left with literature to take them home with the proper instructions.
Chemistry or science concept(s):
The concept of green chemistry was discussed and the experiment “Cleaning of water with land”
was carried out, the importance of drinking water was explained and in turn each child had the
opportunity to sow his bean plant, including the concept of the importance of plants and the
identication of each of its part. They also participated in the international Pi day because each
child colored one number of this innite gure and then be placed in the Department of Mathematics
of the UPR of Arecibo. The workshop was held in different ways because being young children
get tired quickly. Experiments, talks, demonstrations, visual and motor integration activities were
made. The giant bubble dynamics was implemented to maintain group control, it consists of
making a silence bubble. We even had special education students who were also able to
participate in each of the demonstrations. Without being discriminated against because of their
health conditions, their classmates helped them and explained what they had to do. They were
given additional material to perform in the classroom.
166
The safety of children and adults was worked using safety glasses, for each table there were two
teachers watching and helping the students.
Objectives:
1-Create love for the green sciences.
2- Find solutions to everyday problems facing large countries such as water quality.
3-Through cognitive development, use homemade and reusable materials to develop
experiments.
4-Understand the fundamental importance of plants on the planet.
5-Create a sense of responsibility.
Participants:
Fifty three Antonio Badillo Hernandez Elementary School in Aguadilla students participated. They
were kindergarten and first year students, and between the ages of 4 to 8 years. Two chapter
members collaborated with the project.
Collaborations:
We collaborate with practicing teaching
students of the campus of the University of
Puerto Rico de Aguadilla. The school works
under the proposal of the Project Based
Learning Project (PBL) of the Puerto Rico
Department of Education integrating
science and the environment with this
activity.
Funding:
The school's teachers offered to buy the
materials, but most of the funds used for
school visits come from the chapter
fundraiser.
167

CSR2
Green Chem-Off
ACS-RUM
Nominated by: Jeremy Torres Ruiz - Green Chemistry Coordinator
Faculty Advisor: Jessica Torres Candelaria
Faculty Advisor e-mail: jessica.torres16@upr.edu
Activity date: September 9, 2019
The event consisted of 4 activities

planned to allow participants to
show their creativity,
resourcefulness, and knowledge in
chemistry through experiments,
games and demonstrations. The
first activity was an art challenge
where teams had to create paintings
with a chemistry theme using
vegetable dyes, shaving cream, and
repurposed cardboard. The second
activity was a scavenger hunt with clues that led to cards containing the principles of green
chemistry. The third activity was a boat competition that consisted of selecting reactions that
produce gas and could propel their bottle boats with the least environmental impact. The final
activity was a trivia challenge. Teams had to predict which liquids were of an acidic, basic, or
neutral nature. The results were shown with a pH indicator made with red cabbage.
The concepts addressed during the Green Chem-Off were the 12 Green Chemistry principles,
the pH scale, and chemical reactions that produce gas. Safety precautions were taken when
preparing the pH indicator, such as wearing safety glasses and lab coats.
Objectives:
The Green Chem-Off's objectives included highlighting
the principles of green chemistry, such as those focused
on using and producing safe chemicals, and on using
renewable resources. Additionally, other general
sustainable measures like repurposing household items
were promoted. Our goal was to educate our members on
the principles and benefits of green chemistry, as well as
to motivate them to participate in future green chemistry
activities.
Participants:
Twenty ning chapter members, ages between 18 and 22, participated. Three members
collaborated: (Green Chemistry Coordinator, Outreach Coordinator, Communications
Representatives)
Funding:
Our Chapter covered the costs of the activity with money raised in fundraising events.
168

CSR3
Open House of the Natural Sciences Faculty at the University of Puerto Rico - Río
Piedras Campus
University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras campus American Chemical Society
Nominated by: Daisy Díaz Rohena, President
Faculty Advisor: Dra. Ingrid Montes González
Faculty Advisor e-mail: ingrid.montes2@upr.edu
Activity date: October 9, 2019
The Open House of the Natural Sciences Faculty at the

University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras campus has
been one of the biggest events coordinated by ACS
UPR-RP student chapter. Middle and high school
students got to participate from three activities:
interactive Chemistry demonstrations, laboratory
tours and the Magic of Chemistry show. The
interactive stations included short experiments
that required household products. Those put into
perspective the importance of Chemistry in our
lives and helped to introduce Chemistry
concepts in a fun way (i. e. acids, bases,
hydrophobicity and polymers). Additionally,
students were taught about the Sustainable
Development Goals and they lled a board with notes
that propose ways in which chemists can contribute.
Students visited a variety of laboratories in the areas of
Organic Chemistry, Materials Science and other areas of
Chemistry, as well as other STEM elds - the rst laboratory experience for many. Students enjoyed
snacks, water and juice donated from a variety of companies and organizations. To conclude the
event in a marvelous way, students got to participate from the Magic of Chemistry show,
presented by Dr. Ingrid Montes, graduate students and trained members from our chapter.
Unexpected color changes, the release of a genie from a lamp through an exothermic reaction,
the creation of toothpaste for an elephant using a foaming reaction, and other impactful
demonstrations invited the audience to stay curious about Chemistry. Each demonstration was
accompanied by a Chemistry explanation which included properties of the metal that was used in
the experiment. This show was dedicated to the teacher Carmen Ruiz, for her outstanding
advisory for the School of Visual Arts CHEMclub and for her long history of collaboration with our
chapter in activities, such as the recent Interactive Periodic Table Website. Through a
chemiluminescent reaction, the ending of the show recaptured the big impact of this Open House,
and the new knowledge and curiosity for science that was sparked within the students. This
activity resulted from a joint effort from professors, graduate students, our members and other
students committed with increasing access to quality education.
At this event, we introduced different Chemistry and general science concepts with a series of
interactive stations in which the audience had the chance to do simple, fun experiments as we
guided them through. Plus, our team of volunteers were trained to adjust the language to the
target audience. Among the concepts presented are: polarity, radiation, energy, electromagnetic
169
waves, acid-base reactions, non-newtonian liqquids, solubility and intermolecular forces, polimers
and sustainability, acid, base, neutralization, pH indicator, reaction, sublimation, displacement,
supersaturation, lab safety, suspension, Bernoulli effect, oxidation, exothermic, density and
superficial tension.
We wore lab protective gear for each demonstration and, before we commenced, we spoke about
the importance of lab safety. We also provided safety goggles for the audience while they
participated in each of our interactive stations. Arrival and exit of the school buses was
coordinated with the Security division, to ensure that students and teachers did not have to cross
streets to enter the campus. Schools that brought big groups were divided into 2-3 groups, to
ensure that the laboratory capacities were not exceeded. Each tour was guided by a volunteer
knowledgeable of the location of the facilities of our campus and who ensured that all the
members of the group stayed together.
Objectives:
1. Increase Chemistry appreciation among local middle and high school students
2. Expose students to the scientific research, laboratory settings and academic environment at
UPR-RP
3. Educate about the importance of the “Marvelous Metals” and Chemistry in our lives
Participants:
About 250 students participated at the Open House from high school and middle school. The age
of the students was 14-18 years old. 9 schools participated: Radians School, Central School of
Visual Arts, Bautista of Puerto Nuevo Academy, CIMATEC School, Congregación Mita School,
Libre de Musica School, La Merced School, Bautista School at Caguas and Sagrada Familia
School. Forty-three chapter members collaborated in the activity.
Collaborations:
Yes, we had the collaboration with Future Pharmacist Association, as some of their members
volunteered in this activity. We collaborated with researchers from 12 laboratories in different
buildings: Natural Sciences, Facundo Bueso and
Julio García Díaz.
Funding:
Many of the funds our chapter receives comes from
the sales that take place in our office, by selling
laboratory materials such as safety glasses, safety
gowns, gloves and thermometers, which students
can use in their Chemistry laboratories. Most
members donate a dollar to be part of the chapter,
annually. A pizza sale was done prior to the Open
House to obtain additional funding.
Snacks and drinks were donated by El Mesón de
Amor, Suiza Fruit, Fernando C. Pujals & Co. and
B&B Farms.
170

CSR4
Lab coat fashion show
American Chemical Society Inter Ponce
Nominated by: Lester Colon Ithier- Student chapter President
Faculty Advisor: Edmy Ferrer, Ph.D.
Faculty Advisor e-mail: ejferrer@ponce.inter.edu
Activity date: October 24th, 2019
As part of our chemistry week celebrations, we assigned our

members with the task of decorating a lab coat with the theme
of metals. In this task each member had to decorate their lab
coats and give a description of the properties and applications
of the metal they chose. Also for added entertainment for our
university community we decided to carry out a variety of
chemistry demonstrations. We realized a fashion show were our
members modeled there uniquely designed lab coats and gave
an informative description about their metal themed designs.
We also did a variety of chemistry demonstrations for all our
university community.
In the chem demo part of our activity, all of the reagents used were safe to handle, household
materials. Also security glasses were used at all time during the demonstration.
Objectives:
1- Develop a dynamic presentation of the properties and applications of the metals chosen by the
participants.
2- Promote our association with the help of chemistry demonstrations using metals as the main
focus.
Participants:
Our members, university community and faculty at the Interamerican University in Ponce Puerto
Rico. the age range being from 18- 60 years. Forty members of our chapter collaborated.
Funding:
We gathered the funds by making different on campus sales.
171

CSR5
ACS-UPRB Green Chemistry Garden, entitled: “Embelleciendo UPRB con la Química
Verde.”
ACS Student Chapter UPR-Bayamón; Green Chemistry division.
Nominated by: Susbel M. Pérez Lajara - Director of the Green Chemistry Division 2018-2019
Faculty Advisor: Laura I. Santiago Pérez, Ph. D.
Faculty Advisor e-mail: laura.santiago2@upr.edu
Activity date: February 23rd, 2019
One of our greatest on-going accomplishments of

this academic year has been the construction of
the ACS-UPRB Green Chemistry Garden, entitled:
“Embelleciendo UPRB con la Química Verde.” It is
located in front of the “Students’ Center” building in
our campus. This space was created to apprise the
importance of Green Chemistry and how to
incorporate it in our lives. Not only students and
employees of UPRB, but also the entire community
that visits our campus and walks through the
garden and its surroundings were educated with
these principles. We decorated the garden with
signs that provide information about the American
Chemical Society, what Green Chemistry is, what are the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry,
and how can we apply these principles in our daily lives. It is important to highlight the fact that
we used renewable resources, such as bamboo logs to make a passageway and wooden pallets
to create sturdy benches for people to sit down, relax, and enjoy what we created for them: a
garden full of inspiration and chemistry! Furthermore, we are working on creating a sustainable,
energy-ecient irrigation system, following our Green Chemistry approach towards the community.
We were impacted positively by our wonderful community: from preschool students (we have a
wonderful pre-school inside our campus), high school students (these students come to visit
campus and, possibly, enroll), college students, employees, parents, and people who visit the
campus each year!
The concepts addressed were: What is Green Chemistry? What are the 12 Principles of Green
Chemistry? With Examples of the 12 Principles.
Carefully and safely we used: picks, hammers and shovels. Instructions of proper use and care
where given.
Objectives:
Our objective with this project is to create a space dedicated to promoting knowledge of what
Green Chemistry is, its twelve principles, and how can we apply these principles and ideas in our
daily lives. Also, we want to invite people to inspire and motivate other people to take care of our
environment and learn many ways we can do so. We believe that projects like this and people
dedicated to learning are the steppingstones to success, specially when utilizing chemistry for
good causes.
172
Participants:
In the development of the Garden, 14
members, 1 faculty members, and 5
nonmembers volunteered. All the
volunteers are from ages 18 to 50.
Nonetheless, people actively participated
by visiting or walking through the Green
Chemistry Garden. More than 8,000
people have been participated since its
beginning. Participants vary from ages 0 -
80, since our campus community is very
diverse.
After this date, many people have been
using and enjoying our garden. For
example, most of all campus students
(approximately 3,000-4,000 students) and
faculty (approximately 500) use this
garden to sit, relax, or as a path to walk
through it and get to where they must be.
In addition, our campus is hosting regional
workshops to teachers of Department of
Education who pass by our garden. One
of the teacher workshops was carried out
on October 23, 2019. We’ve received
more than 2,700 teachers that passed
through the garden and learned about the
Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry.
Overall, this garden has impacted the
entire campus community and visitors, as
well. Fourteen ACS-UPRB chapter
members, including 1 faculty member,
collaborated in the construction of the
garden.
Funding:
Our student chapter held fundraisings and sales that enabled us to budget activities like these
and more.
173

CSR6
Internship Student Panel
Inter American University San German Chapter
Nominated by: Gabriel E. Martínez, Student Chapter President
Faculty Advisor: Angela González
Faculty Advisor e-mail: agonzal414@gmail.com
Activity date: October 16, 2019
We organized a panel
composed of seven students
that participated in internships
during the summer, so they
shared their experience.
Students in the audience
asked questions about
internships. Some questions
asked involved the application
process, the research the
students worked in, and how
the change of culture affected
them. The students also talked
about new friendships, new cultures and new opportunities they wanted to pursue after these
experiences. This was a such a novel activity for our department that all the science student
associations in our department joined us and encouraged their members to participate of the
activity. Overall, students that participated in this activity were encouraged to take a leap and
participate in internships during next summer.
Objectives:
Give the department students the opportunity to learn about internships from students who had
participated in them during the summer.
Participants:
Sixty seven undergrad students from the department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental
Sciences and from the department of Math and Applied Sciences attended the pannel. Nine of
the chapter members also participated.
Collaborations:
We collaborated with all
Student Associations in the
Department: CADUCEUS,
MEDLIFE, Biology Honors
Society, Microbiology Society,
Pre-Dental Association and
Future Professionals of
Pharmacy.
174

2019 ACS Puerto Rico Senior Technical Meeting Book of Abstracts

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42nd Senior Technical Meeting – November 9, 2019

42nd SENIOR TECHNICAL MEETING

Scientific approaches to celebrate the International Year of

42ND SENIOR TECHNICAL

ACS – PUERTO RICO - BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Chair: Ángela González Mederos

Chair Elect: Myrna Otaño

Past Chair: Carlos Cabrera Martínez

Secretary: Angel G. Colón Santiago

Treasurer: Jorge Colón Rivera

NE Subsection Chairperson: Laura Santiago Pérez

SW Subsection Chairperson: Wilfredo Ayala López

Councilors: Nestor Carballeira

Alternate Councilors: Orlando Morales Martínez

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS COMMITTEE

MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR

Welcome to our 42nd Senior Technical Meeting!

Thanks for coming and enjoy our Senior!

Ángela González-Mederos, Ph.D.

6:30 AM Registration and breakfast

CONCURRENT ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Lunch and 2019 Education Award Presentation

PLENARY LECTURE III

CONCURRENT ORAL PRESENTATIONS

4:40 PM NETWORKING BREAK

STUDENT CHAPTER AWARDS

7:00 PM ACS President-Elect’s Reception / Cocktail

Session A - Room: Flamboyán

9:55 AM A2 Unraveling Estrogen-Metabolizing Microbial Bioprospects in the Guanica Dry

10:35 AM A4 Block-Copolymer Derived Nanoporous Thin Films for the Development of a L-

10:55 AM A5 Ecotoxicity of nanomaterials in marine ecosystems through the study of the

Session B - Room: CC2

10:15 AM B3 Polymers and Aptamer-Modified Microelectrodes for the Selectively Detection of

10:35 AM B4 Reprogramming an iron(II)- and 2-(oxo)-glutarate-dependent hydroxylase to

10:55 AM B5 Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species in Hemeproteins

11:15 AM B6 Zirconium phosphate for electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction of

Session C - Room: Victoria

9:35 AM C1 Traceability of raw material batches in a pharmaceutical continuous

9:55 AM C2 Nano-Engineered Mortars with Pozzolanic Material for Structural Parchment

10:15 AM C3 Synthesis and Characterization of Cu Oxide Nanostructures Grown by a

10:35 AM C4 Using GCxGC-HRTOFMS and DART-HRTOFMS to Analyze Complex Materials

10:55 AM C5 Potential Application of Polysaccharides in the Manufacture of electronics

Session D - Room: Escoffier

9:55 AM D2 Synthesizing a Novel Janus Carbon Nano-Onions Modified as a Support for

10:15 AM D3 The Synthesis of Cu2O@Pt nanoshuttles and their application as

10:35 AM D4 Exploring a New Class of PGM-free Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Production of

10:55 AM D5 Metal Oxide Inclusion In Polycrystalline Platinum Nanoparticles For A Cost-

11:15 AM D6 Biotemplated synthesis of brookite nanoparticles for anodes in dye-sensitized

Session E - Room: CC2

2:40 PM E1 Synthesis of Square Planar and Octahedral Metal Phthalocyanine Complexes

3:20 PM E3 Evaluating Vibrio fischeri as a Bioindicator of Ecotoxicity

Session F – Room: Victoria

3:00 PM F2 Evaluation of Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Activity of Novel Carvacrol

3:40 PM F4 Global and Local Structural Changes of Catalase Induced by Persulfidation

Session G - Room: Flamboyán

3:00 PM G2 Implementation of lyotropic liquid crystals for the functionalization of bio-reactive

3:20 PM G3 Study of Al11Ce3 Distribution in Aluminum Matrix Produced via Centrifugal

4:00 PM G5 Characterization of surfactant-colloidal particle interactions towards the

4:20 PM G6 Influence of chemically-functionalized gold nanoparticles on emulsions of

Session H: - Room: Escofier

3:00 PM H2 Electrochemical Synthesis of Polymers on Carbon Nano-Onions as catalytic

3:20 PM H3 Conversion of 1,4-Anhydroerythritol to Tetrahydrofuran using MoOx-Pd/TiO2

3:40 PM H4 PtNi-Nanowires as catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in Alkaline