MACAM-MACAM, PENGGUNAAN, RUMUS DAN

CONTOH KALIMAT TENSES1

Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu
sekarang (present), masa depan (future), atau masa lalu (past) terjadinya suatu
perbuatan atau peristiwa.

I. PRESENT: Simple Present Tense, Present Continuous Tense, Present

Perfect Tense, dan Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Penggunaan:

Simple Present Tense untuk menyatakan fact, habit, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada
saat sekarang ini.

Notes:

1. is dan does untuk third person singular (Vera, mother, he, she, it).
2. do untuk “I”, “you”, dan plural (Vera and her mother, they, we).
3. am hanya untuk “I”.
4. are untuk “you” dan plural (Vera and her mother, they, we).
Kalimat Rumus Simple Present Example
Tense
(+) S + V1  We agree with the speaker’s opinion.
 I always eat hygiene food to avoid stomach
S +/- auxiliary (do/does) +
ache.
bare infinitive
 She sends much money to her parents in
the village every month. (habit!)
S + be (am/is/are)

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https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-16-tenses-inggris diakses pada 13 Juni 2017 pukul
12.19. Lihat juga http://rumustenses.com/ diakses pada tanggal dan waktu yang sama.

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(-) S + auxiliary (do/does) + 
not + bare infinitive
S + be (am/is/are) + not
(?) Do/Does + S + 
bare infinitive?
Be (am/is/are) + S?
 The ship leaves the harbour this night at 7
o’clock.
 The ceremony starts at nine.
 Father’s day is on the third Sunday of
June.
I don’t know where to go.
 It doesn’t mean a lot to me.
 The children aren’t naughty.
Do they work in the hospital?
 Does her cat love sunbathing?
 Are the children naughty?
 What does the man save in the bank?
 Which photo always makes her smile?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Penggunaan:

Present Continuous Tense untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung

atau rencana di masa depan.

Karena dapat digunakan pada present atau future, tense ini sering diiringi adverb of
time (already, finally, now, yesterday, tomorrow, etc.) untuk memperjelasnya.
Kalimat Rumus Present Example
Continuous Tense
(+) S + am/is/are +  He’s learning English in order to be a great
present participle/V-ing guide.
 I’m spending my holiday on Kuta beach
next month. (plan!)
 The buses are arriving in an hour.
 I’m getting sick of you always asking the
same questions.

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  Please call me later, I’m studying now.
(adverb of time)
(-) S + am/is/are + not + V-ing  I am not writing a letter.
 She is not cutting the grass now.
(?) Am/is/are + S + V-ing?  Are you still waiting for somebody?
 Why is the wild dog always barking at me?
 Am I still growing physically at the age of
19?
 When is Ria arriving from Seoul?
 Where are they presenting the product?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Penggunaan:

Present Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu aktivitas atau situasi
yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu
di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Notes:

Present Perfect Tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “have” atau “has”, dan past
participle (V3).

1. Have digunakan untuk they, we, I, you.

2. Has digunakan untuk he, she, it, dan third person singular (Vera, father).

Kalimat Rumus Present Perfect Example

Tense
(+) S + aux. verb (have/has) +  I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.
V3/past participle  My brother has worked already/lately/up
to now.
 She has studied in French since April.

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 (-) S + aux. verb (have/has) +  I have not done my home work yet.
not + V3/past participle  They haven’t frozen the bank accounts.
 The hurricane hasn’t blown itself out.
(?) Aux. verb (have/has) + S +  Have you already taken a bath?
V3/past participle?  Has the doctor found the cause of your
painful joints?
 Have his air conditioners worked properly?
 How many times have they visited
Bali?
 Where have Sarah and her sister
worked since 2012?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Penggunaan:

Present Perfect Continuous Tense untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai
pada suatu titik di masa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus
berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Biasanya aksi tersebut memiliki durasi waktu tertentu dan ada

relevansi/efeknya dengan kondisi sekarang.

Notes:

Pergunakan auxiliary verb “have” atau “has” secara tepat!

Kalimat Rumus Present Perfect Example
Continuous Tense
(+) S + have/has + been +  The toddlers have been playing a ball for
present participle/V-ing an hour.
 The construction labors are thirsty since
they have been removing the scaffoldings.
 Mandy feels full as she’s been eating a half
of the tart.

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  I have been working with my computer all
day, and now I want some delicious foods.
 The passengers have been waiting for the
next Transjakarta’s bus since this morning.
(-) S + have/has + not + been  I haven’t been eating for whole day.
+ V-ing  She hasn’t been driving during the past
five years.
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-  Has she been waiting for me for a long this
ing? time?
 What have they been doing for the last
hour?
 How long has Sandra been teaching
math?
 How long have you been living here?
 Where has he been working during the
past five years?
 Who have you been talking to?

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II. PAST: Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, dan
Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Penggunaan:

Simple Past Tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa
lampau atau sudah berlalu.

Notes:

1. Was merupakan singular verb dan digunakan pada singular subject (seperti:
I, he, she, it, Andi, dan the cat) kecuali “you”.
2. Sebaliknya Were merupakan plural verb dan digunakan pada plural subject
(seperti: they, we, you, Andi and Susi, dan the cats).
Kalimat Rumus Simple Past Tense Example
(+) S + V2  The party started at 10.00 a.m.
S + be (was/were)  The new administrative assistant worked
well enough yesterday.
 Vina and I went to the Ragunan zoo three
months ago.
 I studied law for almost 4 years.
 When I was a senior high school student, I
always got up at 4 am to study.
(-) S + did + not + V1  You didn’t tell that you took my money
S + be(was/were) + not yesterday.
 Those people weren’t nice to me.
(?) Did + S + V1?  Did you came home last year?
Be (was/were) + S?  When did the new administrative assistant
work well enough?

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  Whose car did he borrow for several
weeks?
 How well did the new legal officer work
yesterday?
 Where were the children ten minutes ago?

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Penggunaan:

Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang
terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Aksi tersebut telah dimulai tetapi
belum selesai pada saat itu.
Kalimat Rumus Past Continuous Example
Tense
(+) S + was/were + present  The team was playing basketball all day
participle/V-ing yesterday.
 They were roasting corn at this time last
night.
 My neighbor was always chasing stray
cats off with his broom.
 The door was knocked while I was
studying.
 She was sleeping when you called her.
 The children were playing puzzle games
yesterday at nine o’clock.
(-) S + was/were + not + V-ing  You weren’t listening to me when I was
singing
 Rene wasn’t driving so fast when you
called him.
 The girl wasn’t yelling out loud yesterday.

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 (?) Was/were + S + V-ing?  Was she still reading while father called
her?
 Were they still sitting quietly at the end of
the meeting?
 Was he talking to someone on the phone
at 10 p.m. last night?
 How fast was Rene driving when you
called him?
 What were they reading in the library at
10:00 a.m.?
 When were they reading law books in the
library?

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Penggunaan:

Past Perfect Tense untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu
titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.

Aksi yang telah selesai di masa lalu itu dapat terjadi berulang kali maupun hanya
sekali.
Kalimat Rumus Past Perfect Tense Example
(+) S + had + past participle/V3  When he came last night, the cake had run
out.
 The student had gotten a verbal warning
before his parents were called.
 Prior to the proclamation, Indonesia had
been colonized by Japan for 3 years.
 Stephen had been to the gym every two
days until 2017.

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  Rani would been the same level with me if
she had studied harder.
(-) S + had + not + V3  I hadn’t already taken a bath when you visit
me.
(?) Had + S + V3?  Had you already graduated from senior
high school last year?
 Who had finished setting the dinner table
when the guests came over?
 What had she finished setting when the
guests came over?
 Why had Sony changed his mind
ten times before selling his car?
 Had the meeting been started when
she came?

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Penggunaan:

Past Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi

(dengan durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di
masa lalu.
Kalimat Rumus Past Perfect Example
Continuous Tense
(+) S + had + been + present  The labors had been demonstrating for
participle/V-ing an hour when the manager came.
 He had been standing in front of the door
for thirty minutes before it was opened.
 She was annoyed since she had been
waiting for 2 hours on the bus station.
 When the bus came, we had been waiting
for an hour.

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  By the time the teacher came, the students
had been reading a half part of the text.
 I had been working with my computer all
day, and all I wanted to do was eat some
chocolate.
(-) S + had + not + been +  I had not learning English for a year at
Ving 2010.
(?) Had + S + been + Ving  Had father been working at PT.
Transjakarta for 10 years last year?

III. FUTURE: Simple Future Tense, Future Continuous Tense, Future Perfect
Tense, dan Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Penggunaan:

Simple Future Tense untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi di masa depan,
secara spontan atau terencana.
Kalimat Rumus Simple Future Example
Tense
(+) S + will + bare infinitive  He is going to go to French to continue his
S + be (am/is/are) + going study.
to + bare infinitive  I will come if they invite me.
 She’s going to the physiotherapist next
Monday.

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 (-) S + will + not + bare 
infinitive
S + be (am/is/are) + not +
going to + bare infinitive
(?) Will + S + bare infinitive 
Be (am/is/are) + S + going 
to + bare infinitive?
I won’t let you go. (won’t = will not)
 I am not going to meet him tomorrow.
What time will the bus come?
When will the package arrive?
 Whose parents is the arbiter going to meet
next week?
 Which hotels do you think will offer the
best service?
 When is the lawyer going to meet the
clients?
 Who is going to meet the clients next
week?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Penggunaan:

Future Continuous Tense untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang akan sedang terjadi
pada waktu tertentu di masa depan. Aksi tersebut telah dimulai tetapi belum
selesai pada saat itu.
Kalimat Rumus Future Continuous Example
Tense
(+) S + will + be + present  I together with my friend will be walking on
participle/V-ing Wakatobi Beach tomorrow morning.
 Rene will be working at the office when
you arrive.
(-) S + will + not + be + V-  I won’t be traveling next week.
ing/present participle  He won’t be sleeping at 10 p.m.
(?) Will + S + be + V1-  Will you be still sleeping at 7 a.m. tomorrow
ing/present participle? morning?

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  What will the deer be eating
when the conservationist visit them?
 Who will be playing football on the GBK’s
court at 4 p.m.?
 Where will Garnett be playing basketball at
4 p.m.?
 When will Susi be playing tennis on the clay
court?

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Penggunaan:

Future Perfect Tense untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aktivitas akan sudah
selesai pada suatu titik waktu di masa depan.
Kalimat Rumus Future Perfect Example
Tense
(+) S + will + have + past  At this time next month, I’ll have finished
participle/V3 my English course.
 By this time next week, we will have lived
in this house for 2 years.
 We will have gone when you come at 9.
 Before he comes, the table will have been
prepared.
 On the 15th of May it will have been two
months since we met for the first time.
(-) S + will + have + not + V3  He will not have slept at the time you go
home.
 The mechanic will not have repaired my
car tomorrow.
(?) Will + S + have + V3?  Will you have taken bath at 4 pm?

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 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Penggunaan:

Future Perfect Continuous Tense untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi akan
sudah berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik waktu tertentu di masa
depan.
Kalimat Rumus Future Perfect Example
Continuous Tense
(+) S + will + have + been +  The cat will have been sleeping long
present participle/V-ing when you get home.
 Ellen will have been waiting for three
months when the corn is ready to harvest.
 He will have been studying in Cairo for a
year by the end of next month.
(-) S + will + have + not + been  She will have not been traveling for 3
+ V-ing weeks next sunday.
 The cat won’t have been sleeping.
(?) Will + S + have + been + V-  Will you have been diving in the sea for 3
ing hours at mid day?
 Will you have been writing the report
before the branch manager observes?

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IV. PAST FUTURE: Simple Past Future Tense, Past Future Continuous Tense,
Past Future Perfect Tense, dan Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE

Penggunaan:

Simple Past Future Tense untuk menyatakan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan,
membuat prediksi, dan membuat janji di masa depan pada saat berada di masa
lalu.

Intinya: membicarakan masa depan dari perspektif masa lalu.

Kalimat Rumus Simple Past Future Example
Tense
(+) S + would + bare infinitive  I knew you would prepare all the things for
S + was/were + going to + the meeting.
bare infinitive  I thought she was going to enroll the
course.
 They told that they were going to visit
Toba’s Lake.
 She promised she would give me a box of
banana cake.
 My father had a strong feeling that the
weather would be warm.
 I thought that the authorities were going to
investigate all allegations of fraud.
(-) S + would + not +  You would not come to my bachelor party
Infinitive/V1 yesterday, whatever happened.
S + was/were + not + going  Samuel wasn’t going to give two beautiful
to + bare infinitive Tomica’s car to his friend.
(?) Would + S + Infinitive/V1?  Would you attend my wedding party if I
Was/were + S + going to + invited you?
bare infinitive?

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  Was Nindy going to give two beautiful
pashmina to her friend?

PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Penggunaan:

Past Future Continuous Tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan
aksi atau situasi imajiner yang sedang berlangsung apabila unreal condition-
nya terpenuhi (present continuous conditional ~ conditional sentence type 2 dengan
continuous tense).
Kalimat Rumus Past Future Example
Continuous Tense
(+) S + would + be + present  I would be attending the conference if I
participle/V-ing was in Jakarta. (Faktanya: but I’m not in
Jakarta.)
 We would be doing some soil tests if you
brought soil samples. (Faktanya: but you
doesn’t bring soil samples.)
 If she came, the show would be taking
place smoothly. (Faktanya: but she doesn’t
come)
(-) S + would + not + be + V-  You would not be walking alone, if I were
ing/present participle not sick. (Fakta: but I’m sick)
(?) Would + S + be + V-ing?  Would you be standing by me, if I slept
yesterday?
 Would you be having breakfast if you
had at least 2 slices of bread? (Fakta: but
you have no bread)

PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

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Penggunaan:

Past Future Perfect Tense untuk membicarakan suatu aksi yang tidak terjadi di
masa lalu, mungkin terjadi, atau sebenarnya dapat dilakukan namun tidak
berhasil dilakukan di masa lampau.

(conditional sentence type 3).

Notes:

Have digunakan baik untuk singular maupun plural subject.

Kalimat Rumus Past Future Perfect
Tense
(+) S + 
would/should/could/may/
might/must + have + past 
participle/V3
(-) S + 
would/should/could/may/ 
might/must + not + have +
V3/past participle
(?) Would/should/could/may 
/might/must + S + have +
V3/past participle
Example
You should have received your refund by
now.
I could have bought that car, but I
preferred to save money and wait for the
manual version.
 The traveler looks far from happy. He may
have waited for his flight for hours.
She wouldn’t have worked.
I should not have seen John if I had come
late
 If you had saved your jewelry and foreign
currency in a safety deposit box, they
wouldn’t have gone.
 You would not have succeeded if you had
not worked hard
Would she have been married if she had
not got an accident?
 Would they have reached the island if the
boat had not got a trouble?

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 PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Penggunaan:

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk
menyatakan suatu aksi atau situasi imajiner sedang berlangsung pada titik
tertentu atau selama periode tertentu di masa lampau (perfect continuous
conditional ~ conditional type 3 dengan continuous)
Kalimat Rumus Past Future Perfect Example
Continuous Tense
(+) S + would + have + been  If his Visa had been approved, he would
+ present participle/V-ing have been working abroad for a week.
(Fakta: but his Visa wasn’t approved.)
 Gitta and her family would have been
living at their new house if its construction
had finished. (Fakta: but its construction
didn’t finish)
 If we had set the tanks in a proper way, the
water would have been flowing out of
tank X into tank Y at a constant rate. (Fakta:
but we didn’t set them in a proper way)
(-) S + would + not + have + She would not have been crying.
been + V-ing
(?) Would + S + have + been + Would you have living at London for 3 years
V-ing? last year?

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